14 results match your criteria: "The Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU)[Affiliation]"

Article Synopsis
  • Lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases (LPMOs) are crucial for breaking down tough polysaccharides, impacting the carbon cycle, industrial processes, and microbial pathogenicity, and are now viewed as peroxygenases instead of monooxygenases due to their use of copper ions and hydrogen peroxide for reactions.
  • The article reviews significant research that has enhanced our understanding of LPMOs, including the challenges posed by side reactions that complicate their study.
  • The paper contrasts LPMOs' copper-peroxygenase mechanism with that of haem iron enzymes and discusses lingering questions about the biological roles of these reactions, how LPMOs manage copper reactivity, and potential defensive strategies against oxidative damage.
View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Bacterial lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases (LPMOs) are known to oxidize the most abundant and recalcitrant polymers in Nature, namely cellulose and chitin. The genome of the model actinomycete Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2) encodes seven putative LPMOs, of which, upon phylogenetic analysis, four group with typical chitin-oxidizing LPMOs, two with typical cellulose-active LPMOs, and one which stands out by being part of a subclade of non-characterized enzymes. The latter enzyme, called ScLPMO10D, and most of the enzymes found in this subclade are unique, not only because of variation in the catalytic domain, but also as their C-terminus contains a cell wall sorting signal (CWSS), which flags the LPMO for covalent anchoring to the cell wall.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

The discovery of oxidative cleavage of glycosidic bonds by enzymes currently known as lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases (LPMOs) has profoundly changed our current understanding of enzymatic processes underlying the conversion of polysaccharides in the biosphere. LPMOs are truly unique enzymes, harboring a single copper atom in a solvent-exposed active site, allowing them to oxidize C-H bonds at the C1 and/or C4 carbon of glycosidic linkages found in recalcitrant, often crystalline polysaccharides such as cellulose and chitin. To catalyze this challenging reaction, LPMOs harness and control a powerful oxidative reaction that involves Fenton-like chemistry.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Bacterial extracellular vesicles (EVs) have a vital role in bacterial pathogenesis. However, to date, the small RNA-cargo of EVs released by the opportunistic pathogen has not been characterized. Here, we shed light on the association of small RNAs with EVs secreted by MSSA476 cultured in iron-depleted bacteriologic media supplemented with a subinhibitory dosage of vancomycin to mimic infection condition.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Radiographic diagnosis of small intestinal obstruction in pet rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus): 63 cases.

J Small Anim Pract

November 2019

Sydney Exotics and Rabbit Vets (SERV), 64 Atchison St, St Leonards, New South Wales, 2065, Australia.

Objectives: To identify radiographic features that can be used to aid in the diagnosis of small intestinal obstruction in pet rabbits.

Materials And Methods: Retrospective study comparing radiographic features of 63 cases of confirmed intestinal obstruction with 50 abdominal radiographs taken of rabbits without gastrointestinal disease. Abdominal radiographs were examined for gastric size, gastric contents, small intestinal dilatation and gas within the large intestine and caecum.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases (LPMOs) contribute to enzymatic conversion of recalcitrant polysaccharides such as chitin and cellulose and may also play a role in bacterial infections. Some LPMOs are multimodular, the implications of which remain only partly understood. We have studied the properties of a tetra-modular LPMO from the food poisoning bacterium Bacillus cereus (named BcLPMO10A).

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Giardia duodenalis colonizes the gastrointestinal tract of a wide range of hosts, including humans and other primates. It is grouped into eight different Assemblages and, beyond that, into a number of sub-Assemblages, defined ad hoc on the basis of genetic differences; these various groups are often considered to be associated with a specific restricted host range. The aim of this study was to use publicly available genotyping data to investigate the relatedness of human and non-human primate (NHP) Giardia isolates in order to evaluate the usefulness of current taxonomic classification and to assess whether there is potential for zoonotic transmission between humans and NHP.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Occurrence of Giardia in Swedish Red Foxes ( Vulpes vulpes ).

J Wildl Dis

July 2017

4 The Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department Food Safety and Infection Biology, Ullevålsveien 72, 0454 Oslo, Norway.

Giardia duodenalis is an intestinal protozoan capable of causing gastrointestinal disease in a range of vertebrate hosts. It is transmitted via the fecal-oral route. Understanding the epidemiology of G.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Occurrence of , and in wild rhesus macaques () living in urban and semi-rural North-West India.

Int J Parasitol Parasites Wildl

April 2017

The Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department Food Safety and Infection Biology, Ullevålsveien 72, 0033 Oslo, Norway.

spp., and spp. are intestinal protozoa capable of infecting a range of host species, and are important causes of human morbidity and mortality.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

A multiparous Celebes crested macaque presented with dystocia due to foetal macrosomia, causing foetal mortality and hindlimb paresis. After emergency caesarean section, recovery of motor function took 1 month before hindlimbs were weight bearing and 2 months before re-integration with the troop.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Structural diversity of lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases.

Curr Opin Struct Biol

June 2017

Department of Chemistry, Biotechnology, and Food Science, The Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), P.O. Box 5003, 1432 Ås, Norway.

Lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases (LPMOs) catalyze the oxidative cleavage of glycosidic bonds and represent a promising resource for development of industrial enzyme cocktails for biomass processing. LPMOs show high sequence and modular diversity and are known, so far, to cleave insoluble substrates such as cellulose, chitin and starch, as well as hemicelluloses such as beta-glucan, xyloglucan and xylan. All LPMOs share a catalytic histidine brace motif to bind copper, but differ strongly when it comes to the nature and arrangement of residues on the substrate-binding surface.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Population modelling to compare chronic external radiotoxicity between individual and population endpoints in four taxonomic groups.

J Environ Radioact

February 2016

Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), PRP-ENV/SERIS/LECO, PRP-ENV/SERIS/L2BT, PRP-ENV/SERIS, Cadarache, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, 13115, France.

In this study, we modelled population responses to chronic external gamma radiation in 12 laboratory species (including aquatic and soil invertebrates, fish and terrestrial mammals). Our aim was to compare radiosensitivity between individual and population endpoints and to examine how internationally proposed benchmarks for environmental radioprotection protected species against various risks at the population level. To do so, we used population matrix models, combining life history and chronic radiotoxicity data (derived from laboratory experiments and described in the literature and the FREDERICA database) to simulate changes in population endpoints (net reproductive rate R0, asymptotic population growth rate λ, equilibrium population size Neq) for a range of dose rates.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Allohexaploid bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) provides approximately 20% of calories consumed by humans. Lack of genome sequence for the three homeologous and highly similar bread wheat genomes (A, B, and D) has impeded expression analysis of the grain transcriptome.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF