Papillary serous carcinoma of the ovary: an ultrastructural and immunohistochemical study.

Twenty-four patients with ovarian serous papillary carcinoma were enrolled in the present ultrastructural and immunohistochemical study. Immunohistochemistry was used to examine the status of proliferation activity with antibodies against Ki67 and BM28, and the status of EGFR family members with antibodies against EGFR, c-erbB-2, and c-erbB-4. Ultrastructurally, poorly differentiated tumors often revealed solid sheets of tumor cells with variable desmosomes, cell connection complexies, and microvilli.

5-Aminolevulinic acid-based photodynamic detection and therapy of brain tumors (review).

With current treatment methods the prognosis for patients with aggressive brain tumors is dismal. Treatment failure is usually due to local recurrence of tumor. Intra-operative photodynamic detection (PDD) of tumor tissue and post-surgical photodynamic therapy (PDT) of the resection cavity may be of benefit.

The expression of EGFR family ligands in breast carcinomas.

Expression of EGF, HB-EGF, TGF-alpha, HRG-alpha, HRG-beta1, and HRG-beta3 in 100 frozen breast carcinoma materials was immunohistochemically studied. Among these tumors, 67% were positive for EGF, 53% for HB-EGF, 57% for TGF-alpha, 60% for HRG-alpha, 53% for HRG-beta1, and 63% for HRG-beta3 in the neoplastic epithelial cells. No significant associations between expression of the growth factors and clinicopathological features like tumor size, histologic grade, node status, ploidy, ER status, and c-erbB-4 expression were observed, with the exceptions that significant relations were present between EGF expression and tumor size (p = 0.

Expression of EGFR family and steroid hormone receptors in ductal carcinoma in situ of the breast.

The expression of EGFR family and steroid hormone receptors was examined in a series of 40 cases of pure ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) of the breast by immunohistochemical staining of paraffin-embedded sections. Hematoxylin and eosin-stained sections were used to classify the tumors according to the published criteria by Holland et al. (Holland R, Peterse JL, Millis RR, et al.

EGFR family expression in breast carcinomas. c-erbB-2 and c-erbB-4 receptors have different effects on survival.

One hundred patients with breast carcinoma followed for 7-11 years were included in the present study of EGFR family members, using immunohistochemistry and RT-PCR. By immunohistochemistry, 36%, 27%, 26%, and 82% of the tumours were positive for EGFR, c-erbB-2, c-erbB-3, and c-erbB-4. All the immunoreactive tumours were confirmed positive by RT-PCR.

Type 1 protein tyrosine kinases in Chinese breast carcinomas: a clinicopathologic study.

Immunostaining for epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), c-erbB-2, c-erbB-3, c-erbB-4, ER, and PR was performed in 107 cases of primary breast carcinomas from Anyang, China. The expression rates of EGFR, c-erbB-2, c-erbB-3 and c-erbB-4 in this series were 43.9%, 36%, 27%, and 45.

Estrogen receptor-alpha and C-ERBB-4 expression in breast carcinomas.

The presence of estrogen receptors (ERs) in breast carcinomas is important for clinical response to endocrine therapy. However, the cellular mechanisms following ER activation are not fully understood. It has been indicated that expression of the ER is associated with the expression of c-erbB-4.

BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations in ovarian cancer: Covariation with specific cytogenetic features.

We analyzed 37 primary invasive carcinomas for BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations by screening the entire coding regions of both genes. Seven predicted truncating mutations (four in BRCA1 and three in BRCA2) and one novel BRCA1 missense variant (S1542C) were identified (8/37, 22%). Two of the BRCA1 mutations were somatic changes, whereas the remaining three BRCA1 changes and all mutations of BRCA2 were found to be of germline origin.

Phyllodes tumor of the breast: EGFR family expression and relation to clinicopathological features.

The expression of EGFR family members was examined by immunohistochemistry in 22 phyllodes tumors, and the results were evaluated together with immunohistochemical findings for proliferation markers Ki67 and BM28, and the tumor suppressor gene product p53. Light and electron microscopy were performed in all cases. Clinical information was obtained from the medial records.

Extraskeletal myxoid chondrosarcoma: multimodal diagnosis and identification of a new cytogenetic subgroup characterized by t(9;17)(q22;q11).

Extraskeletal myxoid chondrosarcoma is a rare malignant soft tissue tumour that can be difficult to diagnose correctly, especially preoperatively. We describe four cases of extraskeletal myxoid chondrosarcoma of the extremities diagnosed by a multimodal approach. The cytological examination of fine-needle aspirates showed small and round, mildly pleomorphic cells lying in sheets and cords, but also dispersed within a myxoid and metachromatic intercellular substance.

HPV positive bronchopulmonary carcinomas in women with previous high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN III).

A significant higher incidence of some cancers, especially lung cancer, has been found in women with previous HPV-related (human papillomavirus) urogenital and anal neoplasias than in individuals without this particular clinical history. The aim of our study was to investigate whether HPV is present in both CIN III (cervical intraepithelial neoplasia) lesions and bronchopulmonary second primary cancers in women with a clinical history of both diseases. Paraffin-embedded tumour tissue from 75 patients with bronchopulmonary carcinomas was examined using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique and in situ hybridization for the presence of human HPV.

Prognostic value of lymphoma-specific S-phase fraction compared with that of other cell proliferation markers.

The proliferation-associated antigens Ki67 (immunohistochemistry) and proliferative cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) (immunohistochemistry and immunoblotting) were analysed together with DNA synthesis (3H-thymidine incorporation) and cell-cycle distribution (tumour-specific S-phase fraction determined by flow cytometry) in lymph node suspensions from 63 patients with newly diagnosed B-Cell non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. Details of clinical parameters, treatment and patient outcome were available for all patients, and retrospectively analysed. Of the proliferation-associated parameters, only high S-phase fraction (p < 0.

Combined RxFISH/G-banding allows refined karyotyping of solid tumors.

Chromosome banding analysis of solid tumors often yields incomplete karyotypes because of the complex rearrangements encountered. The addition of fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) methods has helped improve the accuracy of solid tumor cytogenetics, but the absence of screening qualities from standard FISH approaches has proved a severe limitation. We describe the cytogenetic analysis of ten solid tumors using G-banding followed by cross-species color banding (RxFISH), a FISH-based screening technique giving a chromosome-specific banding pattern based on the genomic homologies between humans and gibbons.

Chromosome banding analysis of gynecomastias and breast carcinomas in men.

Male breast cancer is 100 times less frequent than its female counterpart and accounts for less than 1% of all cancers in men. Although men with breast cancer also often have gynecomastia, it is still unknown whether gynecomastia per se predisposes the male breast to malignant disease. We describe the cytogenetic analysis of three gynecomastias and four breast cancers in men.

Cytogenetic analysis shows that carcinosarcomas of the breast are of monoclonal origin.

Carcinosarcoma of the breast is a rare biphasic neoplasm composed of a carcinomatous component contiguous or admixed with a pleomorphic spindle cell component. The issues of the histogenesis and clonal composition of carcinosarcomas have long been debated. We present the first cytogenetic characterization of mammary carcinosarcomas by analysis of eight tumor samples from two patients with this disease.

Cytogenetic findings in phyllodes tumors of the breast: karyotypic complexity differentiates between malignant and benign tumors.

Clonal karyotypic abnormalities were detected in short-term cell cultures from six phyllodes tumors of the breast. Whereas all five benign tumors had simple chromosomal changes, the highly malignant one had a near-triploid stemline, indicating that karyotypic complexity is a marker of malignancy in phyllodes tumors. Interstitial deletions of the short arm of chromosome 3, del(3)(p12p14) and del(3)(p21p23),were the only aberrations in two benign tumors.

The reciprocal translocation t(9;16)(q22;p13) is a primary chromosome abnormality in basal cell carcinomas.

The reciprocal translocation t(9;16)(q22;p13) was identified in three short-term cultured basal cell carcinomas (BCCs). The t(9;16) was the sole anomaly in one clone in two tumors and was accompanied by a second change that also affected the long arm of chromosome 9 in the third. In addition, other cytogenetically unrelated abnormal clones were also found in all three BCCs.

Cytogenetic abnormalities in an in situ ductal carcinoma and five prophylactically removed breasts from members of a family with hereditary breast cancer.

Short-term cultures of tissue samples from three bilateral prophylactic mastectomies and one in situ ductal carcinoma from four women belonging to a family with hereditary breast cancer were cytogenetically analyzed. Clonal chromosome abnormalities were detected in five of the six prophylactically removed breasts, all of which had the histologic diagnosis epithelial hyperplasia without atypia, and in the in situ carcinoma. The same karyotypic imbalance, a loss of 3p12-14, was detected in the in situ carcinoma as well as in one of the hyperplasias, indicating that these bands may harbor a pathogenetically relevant gene in this breast cancer family.