Towards better survival: Modeling drivers for daily mortality in Norwegian Atlantic salmon farming.

Mortality in the production of farmed salmonids is a major constraint to the sustainability of this form of animal husbandry. We have developed a model for the daily mortality in salmon farming over a full production cycle from stocking to harvest, considering different environmental and production factors. These factors included sea temperature, salinity, day within year, fish weight at stocking, stocking day, four types of lice treatments and the possible occurrence of pancreas disease (PD).

Parkinson's disease, treatment choice and survival over time.

Objectives: We compared Monoamine oxidase B (MAO-B) - and dopamine agonist (DA) monotherapy patients with respect to survival, considering gender, age, first prescriber's specialty and relevant co-morbidity, and compared their specialist health care contacts and hospitalizations.

Methods: With data from health registries, we considered 21,047 patients without redemptions for MAO-B, DA or levodopa 6 months prior to their first MAO-B or DA redemption in 2006 and followed them throughout 2016. We considered Cox proportional hazard regression models for comparing the risk of death among MAO-B and DA monotherapy patients.

Patterns of aggressiveness: risk of progression to invasive breast cancer by mammographic features of calcifications in screen-detected ductal carcinoma in situ.

Background: Mammographic features of calcifications on mammograms showing invasive breast cancer are associated with survival. Less is known about mammographic features and progression to invasive breast cancer among women treated for ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS).

Purpose: To investigate mammographic features of calcifications in screen-detected DCIS in women who later did and did not get diagnosed with invasive breast cancer.

Mental Health and Disability Pension Onset: Changes in Consumption of Antianxiety and Hypnotic Drugs.

Introduction: In Norway, disability pension (DP) has been more prevalent over the later years, with mental disorders being a frequent cause. Previous analyses have questioned whether receiving DP is beneficial for mental health by considering changes in antidepressant drug consumption. To explore this further, we examined changes in antianxiety and hypnotic drug consumption following DP onset.

New benzodiazepine and Z-hypnotic users and disability pension: an eight-year nationwide observational follow-up study.

Objective: To compare how newly initiated treatment with benzodiazepines, Z-hypnotics or both associates with the reception of disability pension among 40,661 individuals of a working age.

Design: Prescription register study.

Setting: Norwegian nationwide prescriptions socio-economic and disability status data.

The antipsychotic agent quetiapine is increasingly not used as such: dispensed prescriptions in Norway 2004-2015.

Purpose: The antipsychotic agent quetiapine was introduced in Norway in 2003. We have assessed changes in dispensed prescriptions, including dosing, of quetiapine in Norway from 2004 to 2015.

Methods: Data on the sales of antipsychotics and antidepressants were drawn from the Norwegian Prescription Database.

A 5-year follow-up study of users of benzodiazepine: starting with diazepam versus oxazepam.

Background: Drug dependency may develop during long-term benzodiazepine use, indicated, for example, by dose escalation. The first benzodiazepine chosen may affect the risk of dose escalation.

Aim: To detect possible differences in benzodiazepine use between new users of diazepam and oxazepam over time.

Risk factors for excessive benzodiazepine use in a working age population: a nationwide 5-year survey in Norway.

Objective: To identify risk factors for becoming an excessive user over time.

Setting: Prescription database study over five years.

Subjects And Method: Norwegians between 30 and 60 years with a first dispensation of a benzodiazepine during 2006, encompassing 23 227 individuals.

Comparing Effects of Biologic Agents in Treating Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Multiple Treatment Comparison Regression Analysis.

Rheumatoid arthritis patients have been treated with disease modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs) and the newer biologic drugs. We sought to compare and rank the biologics with respect to efficacy. We performed a literature search identifying 54 publications encompassing 9 biologics.

A worrying trend in weight-adjusted paediatric antibiotic use in a Norwegian tertiary care hospital.

Aim: The World Health Organization recommends the defined daily dose (DDD) as the standard unit of measurement for antibiotic use, but this is not applicable in children. We aimed to assess paediatric antibiotic use in a Norwegian tertiary care hospital using a novel weight-adjusted method.

Methods: We obtained antibiotic purchase data from the hospital pharmacy and administrative data for all admissions from 2002 to 2009 to the paediatric wards at Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet.

A 3-year survey quantifying the risk of dose escalation of benzodiazepines and congeners to identify risk factors to aid doctors to more rationale prescribing.

Objectives: This study investigated and quantified risk factors of dose escalation, as an indication of drug misuse and dependency of benzodiazepines and congeners, among presumably drug naïve patients in the Norwegian drug prescription database, observed over 3 years.

Design: Observational study.

Setting: Prescription database study.

Antibiotic resistance in hospitals: a ward-specific random effect model in a low antibiotic consumption environment.

Association between previous antibiotic use and emergence of antibiotic resistance has been reported for several microorganisms. The relationship has been extensively studied, and although the causes of antibiotic resistance are multi-factorial, clear evidence of antibiotic use as a major risk factor exists. Most studies are carried out in countries with high consumption of antibiotics and corresponding high levels of antibiotic resistance, and currently, little is known whether and at what level the associations are detectable in a low antibiotic consumption environment.