209 results match your criteria: "The Neurosciences Institute[Affiliation]"
J Psychiatry Neurosci
September 2020
From the Psychiatry Department, School of Medicine, University of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain (Molina, Lubeiro); the Psychiatry Service, Clinical Hospital of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain (Molina, Martín-Santiago); the Neurosciences Institute of Castilla y León (INCYL), University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain (Molina); the Imaging Processing Laboratory, University of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain (de Luis Garcia); the Biomedical Engineering Group, University of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain (Gomez-Pilar, Núñez); the Neurophysiology Service, Clinical Hospital of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain (Iglesias-Tejedor); the Psychiatry Service, Doce de Octubre University Hospital, Madrid, Spain (Holgado-Madera, Sanz-Fuentenebro); the Psychiatry Service, Cruces Hospital, Bilbao, Spain (Segarra-Echeverría, Recio-Barbero); and the Psychiatry Service, Santiago Apostol Hospital, Vitoria, Spain (Haidar, Fernández-Sevillano).
Background: The synchronized activity of distributed neural assemblies — reflected in the electroencephalogram (EEG) — underpins mental function. In schizophrenia, modulation deficits of EEG spectral content during a P300 task have been replicated. The effects of treatment, chronicity and specificity in these deficits and their possible relationship with anatomic connectivity remain to be explored.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPediatr Neurosurg
April 2019
Department of Neurological Surgery and the Neurosciences Institute, Stony Brook Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA.
Background: We investigated a novel surgical approach to decompressive craniectomy (DC), the bifrontal biparietal, or "cruciate," craniectomy, in severe pediatric traumatic brain injury (TBI). Cruciate DC was designed with a fundamentally different approach to intracranial pressure (ICP) control compared to traditional DC. Cruciate DC involves craniectomies in all 4 skull quadrants.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNeuropediatrics
February 2018
Department of Neurology and the Neurosciences Institute, Stony Brook University Medical Center, Stony Brook, New York, United States.
Objective: Seizures are the most common neurological complication in neonatal intensive care units. Phenobarbital (PB) remains the first-line antiepileptic drug (AED) for neonatal seizures despite known neurotoxicity. Levetiracetam (LEV) is a newer AED not approved for neonates.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Neurointerv Surg
May 2018
Department of Clinical Neurosciences and Department of Radiology, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada.
Background: Tandem occlusions of the extracranial carotid and intracranial carotid or middle cerebral artery have a particularly poor prognosis without treatment. Several management strategies have been used with no clear consensus recommendations. We examined subjects with tandem occlusions enrolled in the ESCAPE trial and their outcomes.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFElife
February 2017
The Neurosciences Institute, California, United States.
Neural activity during cognitive tasks exhibits complex dynamics that flexibly encode task-relevant variables. Chaotic recurrent networks, which spontaneously generate rich dynamics, have been proposed as a model of cortical computation during cognitive tasks. However, existing methods for training these networks are either biologically implausible, and/or require a continuous, real-time error signal to guide learning.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ ECT
June 2017
From the *Neurosciences Institute, Baylor Scott and White Health, College of Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Temple, TX; †Department of Psychiatry, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY; and ‡Department of Psychiatry, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH.
Depression negatively impacts quality of life and is associated with high mortality rates. Recent research has demonstrated that improvement in depression symptoms with transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) to the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) may involve changes in the cognitive control network, a regulatory system modulating the function of cognitive and emotional systems, composed of the DLPFC, dorsal anterior cingulate, and posterior parietal cortices. Transcranial magnetic stimulation to the DLPFC node of the cognitive control network may have antidepressant efficacy via direct effects on cognitive control processes involved in emotion regulation.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFStroke
December 2016
From the Departments of Clinical Neurosciences and Radiology (A.G., F.S.A.-A., F.S., Z.A., S.B.C., P.A.B., A.M.D., M.E., M.D.H., M.G., B.K.M.), Departments of Community Health Sciences and Medicine (S.B.C., T.S., M.D.H., B.K.M.), and Hotchkiss Brain Institute (S.B.C., P.A.B., A.M.D., M.D.H., M.G., B.K.M.), Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Division of Neuroradiology (T.K.), and Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine (L.K.C.), UHN, Toronto Western Hospital, Ontario, Canada; Departments of Radiology (J.L.R.) and Medicine (Neurology) (K.B.), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada; Departments of Neuroradiology (J. Thornton) and Geriatric and Stroke Medicine (P.K.), Beaumont Hospital and the Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin; Departments of Radiology (D.R.) and Neurosciences (A.Y.P.), CHUM, University of Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, PA (T.G.J.); Acute Stroke Services (T.D.) and Department of Radiology, Erlanger Hospital (B.W.B.), University of Tennessee, Chattanooga; Colorado Neurological Institute, Englewood (D.F.F.); Department of Neurointerventional Care, The Neurosciences Institute, Abington Memorial Hospital, Abington, PA (H.C.); Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology (D.T.) and Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (J. Teitelbaum), Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Quebec, Canada; Department of Radiology, The Ottawa Hospital, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (C.L.); Department of Clinical Neurological Sciences, London Health Sciences Center, Western University, Ontario, Canada (J.M.); Department of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada (S.J.P.); Department of Neurology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, South Korea (O.Y.B.); Department of Neurology, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia (M.A.M.); and the Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom (A.G.).
Background And Purpose: Infarct in a new previously unaffected territory (INT) is a potential complication of endovascular treatment. We applied a recently proposed methodology to identify and classify INTs in the ESCAPE randomized controlled trial (Endovascular Treatment for Small Core and Anterior Circulation Proximal Occlusion With Emphasis on Minimizing CT to Recanalization Times).
Methods: The core laboratory identified INTs on 24-hour follow-up imaging, blinded to treatment allocation, after assessing all baseline imaging.
Nat Commun
October 2016
The Neurosciences Institute, 800 Silverado Street, Suite 302, La Jolla, California 92037-4234, USA.
Recent evidence suggests that neurons in primary sensory cortex arrange into competitive groups, representing stimuli by their joint activity rather than as independent feature analysers. A possible explanation for these results is that sensory cortex implements attractor dynamics, although this proposal remains controversial. Here we report that fast attractor dynamics emerge naturally in a computational model of a patch of primary visual cortex endowed with realistic plasticity (at both feedforward and lateral synapses) and mutual inhibition.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPLoS One
September 2016
The Neurosciences Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America.
Mental imagery occurs "when a representation of the type created during the initial phases of perception is present but the stimulus is not actually being perceived." How does the capability to perform mental imagery arise? Extending the idea that imagery arises from learned associations, we propose that mental rotation, a specific form of imagery, could arise through the mechanism of sequence learning-that is, by learning to regenerate the sequence of mental images perceived while passively observing a rotating object. To demonstrate the feasibility of this proposal, we constructed a simulated nervous system and embedded it within a behaving humanoid robot.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry
February 2017
Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, USA.
Importance: Understanding the natural history of familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) caused by SOD1 mutations (ALS) will provide key information for optimising clinical trials in this patient population.
Objective: To establish an updated natural history of ALS.
Design, Setting And Participants: Retrospective cohort study from 15 medical centres in North America evaluated records from 175 patients with ALS with genetically confirmed SOD1 mutations, cared for after the year 2000.
Neuron
May 2016
Department of Biology and the Neurosciences Institute, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78249, USA. Electronic address:
Neurons in the songbird nucleus HVC produce premotor bursts time locked to song with millisecond precision. In this issue of Neuron, Lynch et al. (2016) and Picardo et al.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFTheory Biosci
September 2016
Department of Geography, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, A1B 3X5, Canada.
The open-endedness of a system is often defined as a continual production of novelty. Here we pin down this concept more fully by defining several types of novelty that a system may exhibit, classified as variation, innovation, and emergence. We then provide a meta-model for including levels of structure in a system's model.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNeuron
June 2016
Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA; CNS Disorders Center and the Neurosciences Institute, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA. Electronic address:
We examined the contribution of endogenous cholinergic signaling to the acquisition and extinction of fear- related memory by optogenetic regulation of cholinergic input to the basal lateral amygdala (BLA). Stimulation of cholinergic terminal fields within the BLA in awake-behaving mice during training in a cued fear-conditioning paradigm slowed the extinction of learned fear as assayed by multi-day retention of extinction learning. Inhibition of cholinergic activity during training reduced the acquisition of learned fear behaviors.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPLoS Comput Biol
February 2016
Centre de Recherche Cerveau et Cognition (CerCo), CNRS & Université Paul Sabatier, Pavillon Baudot CHU Purpan, Toulouse Cedex, France.
Visual attention has many effects on neural responses, producing complex changes in firing rates, as well as modifying the structure and size of receptive fields, both in topological and feature space. Several existing models of attention suggest that these effects arise from selective modulation of neural inputs. However, anatomical and physiological observations suggest that attentional modulation targets higher levels of the visual system (such as V4 or MT) rather than input areas (such as V1).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCereb Cortex
July 2016
Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA Center for Brain Science Swartz Center for Theoretical Neuroscience, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.
When searching for an object in a scene, how does the brain decide where to look next? Visual search theories suggest the existence of a global "priority map" that integrates bottom-up visual information with top-down, target-specific signals. We propose a mechanistic model of visual search that is consistent with recent neurophysiological evidence, can localize targets in cluttered images, and predicts single-trial behavior in a search task. This model posits that a high-level retinotopic area selective for shape features receives global, target-specific modulation and implements local normalization through divisive inhibition.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe authors present a case of intraspinal malignant psammomatous melanotic schwannoma (PMS) not associated with Carney complex and review all reported cases not associated with this syndrome. The focus of this review paper is on the characteristics of the malignant progression of PMS. A 54-year-old man had a history of squamous cell carcinoma of the neck and tonsillar carcinoma.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFront Hum Neurosci
January 2015
Laboratory for Neurology and Imaging of Cognition, Department of Neurosciences, University of Geneva Geneva, Switzerland.
Neurofeedback (NFB) is emerging as a promising technique that enables self-regulation of ongoing brain oscillations. However, despite a rise in empirical evidence attesting to its clinical benefits, a solid theoretical basis is still lacking on the manner in which NFB is able to achieve these outcomes. The present work attempts to bring together various concepts from neurobiology, engineering, and dynamical systems so as to propose a contemporary theoretical framework for the mechanistic effects of NFB.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFront Psychol
January 2014
Theoretical Neurobiology, The Neurosciences Institute La Jolla, CA, USA.
Front Psychol
October 2013
The Neurosciences Institute La Jolla, CA, USA.
Front Integr Neurosci
August 2013
The Neurosciences Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA.
Reentry in nervous systems is the ongoing bidirectional exchange of signals along reciprocal axonal fibers linking two or more brain areas. The hypothesis that reentrant signaling serves as a general mechanism to couple the functioning of multiple areas of the cerebral cortex and thalamus was first proposed in 1977 and 1978 (Edelman, 1978). A review of the amount and diversity of supporting experimental evidence accumulated since then suggests that reentry is among the most important integrative mechanisms in vertebrate brains (Edelman, 1993).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFA global workspace (GW) is a functional hub of binding and propagation in a population of loosely coupled signaling elements. In computational applications, GW architectures recruit many distributed, specialized agents to cooperate in resolving focal ambiguities. In the brain, conscious experiences may reflect a GW function.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAnimal behavior often involves a temporally ordered sequence of actions learned from experience. Here we describe simulations of interconnected networks of spiking neurons that learn to generate patterns of activity in correct temporal order. The simulation consists of large-scale networks of thousands of excitatory and inhibitory neurons that exhibit short-term synaptic plasticity and spike-timing dependent synaptic plasticity.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFront Comput Neurosci
March 2013
The Neurosciences Institute San Diego, CA, USA.
We describe simulations of large-scale networks of excitatory and inhibitory spiking neurons that can generate dynamically stable winner-take-all (WTA) behavior. The network connectivity is a variant of center-surround architecture that we call center-annular-surround (CAS). In this architecture each neuron is excited by nearby neighbors and inhibited by more distant neighbors in an annular-surround region.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFront Syst Neurosci
February 2013
The Neurosciences Institute San Diego, CA, USA.
Behavioral adaption to a changing environment is critical for an animal's survival. How well the brain can modify its functional properties based on experience essentially defines the limits of behavioral adaptation. In adult animals the extent to which experience shapes brain function has not been fully explored.
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