Research investigating patient and carer psychoeducation needs regarding post-stroke cognition: a scoping review.

Objectives: To search the literature systematically in order to map and identify gaps in research investigating patient and family member psychoeducation needs regarding post-stroke cognition.

Design: Scoping review conducted in line with Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) recommendations and PRISMA-ScR checklist.

Methods: MEDLINE, PsycINFO, Embase, CINAHL and Scopus were searched on 25 August 2023 for peer-reviewed studies conducted in a high-income country, describing cognition-related psychoeducation needs in stroke survivors and/or family members aged ≥18 years (≥50% of the study population).

Endotracheal tube as chest tube: a back-up alternative in resource limited settings.

Thoracostomies, and subsequent placements of chest tubes (CTs), are a standard procedure in several domains of medicine. In emergency medicine, thoracostomies are indicated to release a relevant hemothorax or pneumothorax, particularly a life-threatening tension pneumothorax. In many cases, an initial finger-assisted thoracostomy is followed by placement of a CT to ensure continuous decompression of blood and air.

Surveillance in inflammatory bowel disease: white light endoscopy with segmental re-inspection versus dye-based chromoendoscopy - a multi-arm randomised controlled trial (HELIOS).

Background: It remains unclear if the increased colorectal neoplasia detection rate in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) by high-definition (HD) dye-based chromoendoscopy compared with HD white-light endoscopy is due to enhanced contrast or increased inspection times. Longer withdrawal times may yield similar neoplasia detection rates as found by HD chromoendoscopy.

Objective: To compare colorectal neoplasia detection rates for HD white-light endoscopy with segmental re-inspection and HD chromoendoscopy, using single-pass HD white-light endoscopy as an additional control group.

Prognostic models for depression and post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms following traumatic brain injury: a CENTER-TBI study.

Background: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is associated with an increased risk of major depressive disorder (MDD) and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). We aimed to identify predictors and develop models for the prediction of depression and PTSD symptoms at 6 months post-TBI.

Methods: We analysed data from the Collaborative European NeuroTrauma Effectiveness Research in Traumatic Brain Injury study.

How Patients With Cancer Use the Internet to Search for Health Information: Scenario-Based Think-Aloud Study.

Background: Patients with cancer increasingly use the internet to seek health information. However, thus far, research treats web-based health information seeking (WHIS) behavior in a rather dichotomous manner (ie, approaching or avoiding) and fails to capture the dynamic nature and evolving motivations that patients experience when engaging in WHIS throughout their disease trajectory. Insights can be used to support effective patient-provider communication about WHIS and can lead to better designed web-based health platforms.

Normative CLEFT-Q Data From the General Dutch Population.

Patient-Reported Outcome Measures (PROMs), such as the CLEFT-Q, have become essential for outcomes in patients with CL/P. Normative values of the CLEFT-Q for non-CL/P peers have not yet been established. This study aims to establish normative values for the CLEFT-Q in the general Dutch population.

Prevalence and clinical impact of the London classification: a prospective, international, multicenter study from the Lower Gastrointestinal International Consortium (LoGIC).

Introduction: The London classification provides standardization for characterization of disorders of anorectal function, although prevalences and clinical impact of these disorders are unclear.

Methods: An international research consortium was established, including five specialist centers. Prospective data were collected in consecutive adults referred for refractory chronic constipation (CC), fecal incontinence (FI) or coexistent CC/FI over 18 months.

Discovery of Methylated DNA Biomarkers for Potential Non-Endoscopic Detection of Barrett's Esophagus and Esophageal Adenocarcinoma.

Background And Aims: We sought to develop a minimally-invasive, robust, accessible nonendoscopic strategy to diagnose Barrett's esophagus (BE), esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC), and its immediate precursor lesion, high-grade dysplasia (HGD) based on methylated DNA biomarkers applied to a retrievable sponge-capsule device in a cohort representative of the BE population (i.e., mostly short-segment, non-dysplastic BE, NDBE).

Borderline Findings in -(2-[F]-Fluoroethyl)-l-Tyrosine PET of Patients with Suspected Glioma Relapse: Role in Clinical Practice.

One of the most common clinical indications for amino acid PET using the tracer -(2-[F]-fluoroethyl)-l-tyrosine (F-FET) is the differentiation of tumor relapse from treatment-related changes in patients with gliomas. A subset of patients may present with an uptake of F-FET close to recommended threshold values. The goal of this study was to investigate the frequency of borderline cases and the role of quantitative F-FET PET parameters in this situation.

Gut microbial dysbiosis, IgA, and Enterococcus in common variable immunodeficiency with immune dysregulation.

Background: Common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) is characterized by hypogammaglobulinemia and recurrent infections. Significant morbidity and mortality are caused by immune dysregulation complications (CVIDid), which affect around one-third of CVID patients and have a poorly understood etiology. Here, we investigate the hypothesis that gut microbial dysbiosis contributes to the inflammation underlying CVIDid.

Longitudinal cardiac imaging for assessment of myocardial injury in non-hospitalised community-dwelling individuals after COVID-19 infection: the Rotterdam Study.

Background: The aim of this study was to assess the presence of myocardial injury after COVID-19 infection and to evaluate the relation between persistent cardiac symptoms after COVID-19 and myocardial function in participants with known cardiovascular health status before infection.

Methods: In the prospective population-based Rotterdam Study cohort, echocardiography and cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) were performed among participants who recovered from COVID-19 at home within 2 years prior to inclusion in the current study. Persistent cardiac symptoms comprised only self-reported symptoms of chest pain, dyspnoea or palpitations lasting >4 weeks after COVID-19 infection.

Gamified Web-Delivered Attentional Bias Modification Training for Adults With Chronic Pain: Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial.

Background: Attentional bias to pain-related information has been implicated in pain chronicity. To date, research investigating attentional bias modification training (ABMT) procedures in people with chronic pain has found variable success, perhaps because training paradigms are typically repetitive and monotonous, which could negatively affect engagement and adherence. Increasing engagement through the gamification (ie, the use of game elements) of ABMT may provide the opportunity to overcome some of these barriers.

Early and delayed STAT1-dependent responses drive local trained immunity of macrophages in the spleen.

Trained immunity (TI) is the process wherein innate immune cells gain functional memory upon exposure to specific ligands or pathogens, leading to augmented inflammatory responses and pathogen clearance upon secondary exposure. While the differentiation of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and reprogramming of bone marrow (BM) progenitors are well-established mechanisms underpinning durable TI protection, remodeling of the cellular architecture within the tissue during TI remains underexplored. Here, we study the effects of peritoneal Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) administration to find TI-mediated protection in the spleen against a subsequent heterologous infection by the Gram-negative pathogen Typhimurium (.

Red blood cell transfusions in neonatal intensive care units: a nationwide observational cohort study.

Objective: To describe the use and nationwide variation of red blood cell (RBC) transfusions in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) following the introduction of the revised national transfusion guideline in 2019.

Design And Patients: We randomly selected neonates born below 32 weeks' gestation admitted to any NICU in the Netherlands in 2020 to include in our retrospective observational cohort study.

Main Outcome Measures: Main outcome measures were the number of neonates receiving at least one transfusion, and the number of transfusions per transfused neonate.

Encoding of cerebellar dentate neuron activity during visual attention in rhesus macaques.

The role of cerebellum in controlling eye movements is well established, but its contribution to more complex forms of visual behavior has remained elusive. To study cerebellar activity during visual attention we recorded extracellular activity of dentate nucleus (DN) neurons in two non-human primates (NHPs). NHPs were trained to read the direction indicated by a peripheral visual stimulus while maintaining fixation at the center, and report the direction of the cue by performing a saccadic eye movement into the same direction following a delay.

Elevated neutrophil-to-lymphocyte and monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratios are associated with increased flares and elevated cardiovascular disease risk in gout.

Objective: Although gout is the most common inflammatory arthritis, there are few tools to monitor disease activity and predict complications in gout patients. The neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio (MLR) are associated with disease activity in various diseases and the NLR has been shown to predict coronary artery disease severity, a common comorbid condition with gout. Thus, we evaluated the use of NLR and MLR as novel biomarkers to measure disease activity and predict cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk in gout patients.

Cultural adaptation and psychometric evaluation of the fear and avoidance of memory loss scale in a Chinese context.

Objectives: To cross-culturally adapt the Fear and Avoidance of Memory Loss (FAM) scale and assess the psychometric properties in the Chinese cultural context.

Method: Following Beaton's guidelines, the FAM scale was translated and adapted. A cross-sectional study assessed its psychometric properties, including internal consistency (coefficient omega, Cronbach's alpha), test-retest reliability (intraclass correlation coefficients), and criterion and content validity.

A perspective on the use of patient-reported experience and patient-reported outcome measures in ambulatory healthcare.

Introduction: Patient-reported experience measures (PREMs) are patient reports about their healthcare, whereas patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) are reports about their functioning and well-being regarding physical, mental, and social health. We provide a perspective on using PREMs and PROMs in ambulatory healthcare.

Areas Covered: We conducted a narrative review of the literature about using PREMs and PROMs in research and clinical practice, identified challenges and possibilities for addressing them, and provided suggestions for future research and clinical practice.

Exploring the conformational space of ROS1 kinase domain and the impact of allosteric mutations.

Chromosomal rearrangements are common oncogenic events in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. An example is the fusion of the ROS1 kinase domain with extracellular receptors. Although the fusion leads to a target that is druggable with multi-kinase inhibitors, several reports indicate the emergence of point mutations leading to drug resistance.

Angina Severity and Symptom Improvement Are Associated With Diagnostic Acetylcholine Provocation Dose in Vasospastic Angina.

Background: A coronary function test (CFT) is the recommended diagnostic test to identify coronary vasomotor dysfunction as a cause of symptoms in patients with angina and nonobstructive coronary arteries (ANOCA). Acetylcholine is the commonly used pharmacological agent for spasm provocation. We aimed to investigate an association between severity of symptoms and provocative acetylcholine dose.

Proteins Involved in Endothelial Function and Inflammation Are Implicated in Cerebral Small Vessel Disease.

Background: Endothelial dysfunction and inflammation have been implicated in the pathophysiology of cerebral small vessel disease (SVD). However, whether they are causal, and if so which components of the pathways represent potential treatment targets, remains uncertain.

Methods: Two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) was used to test the association between the circulating abundance of 996 proteins involved in endothelial dysfunction and inflammation and SVD.

Exploring family profiles in explaining heterogeneity in parenting program engagement and effectiveness.

Parenting programs have proven effective in reducing disruptive child behavior. However, not all families benefit equally, and, to date, we have little insight into who benefits more or less and why. One possible solution is to explore how different potential moderators cluster together in individual families and whether such family profiles predict who benefits more or less from these programs.

Systematic Approach to Parametrization of Disaccharides for the Martini 3 Coarse-Grained Force Field.

Sugars are ubiquitous in biology; they occur in all kingdoms of life. Despite their prevalence, they have often been somewhat neglected in studies of structure-dynamics-function relationships of macromolecules to which they are attached, with the exception of nucleic acids. This is largely due to the inherent difficulties of not only studying the conformational dynamics of sugars using experimental methods but indeed also resolving their static structures.