Obsessive-compulsive symptoms and personal recovery in patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders: A cross-sectional study.

Background: Obsessive-compulsive symptoms (OCS) frequently co-occur in patients with Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders (SSD). Patients with SSD and OCS experience increased clinical and social challenges, including diminished quality of life and subjective well-being. However, it is unknown whether co-morbid OCS are associated with personal recovery.

Epidemiology, Ventilation Management, and Outcomes in Invasively Ventilated Coronavirus Disease 2019 Patients: An Analysis of Four Observational Studies in Four Countries on Two Continents.

Epidemiology, ventilator management, and outcomes in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) because of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) have been described extensively but have never been compared between countries. We performed an individual patient data analysis of four observational studies to compare epidemiology, ventilator management, and outcomes. We used propensity score weighting to control for confounding factors.

The Significance of a Cerebrovascular Accident Outcome Prediction Model for Patients, Family Members, and Health Care Professionals: Qualitative Evaluation Study.

Background: Patients with cerebrovascular accident (CVA) should be involved in setting their rehabilitation goals. A personalized prediction of CVA outcomes would allow care professionals to better inform patients and informal caregivers. Several accurate prediction models have been created, but acceptance and proper implementation of the models are prerequisites for model adoption.

Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy for Newly Diagnosed, Advanced Ovarian Cancer: ASCO Guideline Update.

Purpose: To provide updated guidance regarding neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) and primary cytoreductive surgery (PCS) among patients with stage III-IV epithelial ovarian, fallopian tube, or primary peritoneal cancer (epithelial ovarian cancer [EOC]).

Methods: A multidisciplinary Expert Panel convened and updated the systematic review.

Results: Sixty-one studies form the evidence base.

Effects of a workplace participatory approach to support working caregivers in balancing work, private life and informal care: a randomized controlled trial.

Objectives: Many employees combine their work with informal care responsibilities for family and friends, potentially impacting their well-being and sustained employability. This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of a workplace participatory approach (PA) intervention in supporting working caregivers to prevent and solve problems related to balancing work, private life, and informal care tasks.

Methods: We conducted a two-armed randomized controlled trial (ISRCTN15363783) in which working caregivers either received the PA (N=57), under guidance of an occupational professional serving as process facilitator, or usual care (N=59).

A pan-orthohantavirus human lung xenograft mouse model and its utility for preclinical studies.

Orthohantaviruses are emerging zoonotic viruses that can infect humans via the respiratory tract. There is an unmet need for an in vivo model to study infection of different orthohantaviruses in physiologically relevant tissue and to assess the efficacy of novel pan-orthohantavirus countermeasures. Here, we describe the use of a human lung xenograft mouse model to study the permissiveness for different orthohantavirus species and to assess its utility for preclinical testing of therapeutics.

Community responses to a novel house design: A qualitative study of "Star Homes" in Mtwara, southeastern Tanzania.

Introduction: To evaluate the impact of a novel design "Star Home" on the incidence of malaria, respiratory tract infections and diarrheal diseases among children, randomly selected households in Mtwara, Tanzania were offered a free, new Star Home. Drawing on longitudinal qualitative research that accompanied the Star Homes study, this article describes the experiences of residents and the wider community of living with these buildings.

Methods: A total of four rounds of face-to-face interviews were undertaken with residents of Star Homes (n = 37), control (wattle/daub) homes (n = 21), neighboring households n = 6), community members (n = 17) and community leaders (n = 6).

Cost-effectiveness of monitoring and liver cancer surveillance among patients with inactive chronic hepatitis B.

Patients with chronic hepatitis B infection (CHB) have an increased risk for death from liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). In the United States, only an estimated 37% of adults with chronic hepatitis B diagnosis without cirrhosis receive monitoring with at least an annual alanine transaminase (ALT) and hepatitis B deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), and an estimated 59% receive antiviral treatment when they develop active hepatitis or cirrhosis. A Markov model was used to calculate the costs, health impact and cost-effectiveness of increased monitoring of adults with HBeAg negative inactive or HBeAg positive immune tolerant CHB who have no cirrhosis or significant fibrosis and are not recommended by the current American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases (AASLD) clinical practice guidelines to receive antiviral treatment, and to assess whether the addition of HCC surveillance would be cost-effective.

Life satisfaction around the world: Measurement invariance of the Satisfaction With Life Scale (SWLS) across 65 nations, 40 languages, gender identities, and age groups.

The Satisfaction With Life Scale (SWLS) is a widely used self-report measure of subjective well-being, but studies of its measurement invariance across a large number of nations remain limited. Here, we utilised the Body Image in Nature (BINS) dataset-with data collected between 2020 and 2022 -to assess measurement invariance of the SWLS across 65 nations, 40 languages, gender identities, and age groups (N = 56,968). All participants completed the SWLS under largely uniform conditions.

Interpretation of Viscoelastic Hemostatic Assays in Cardiac Surgery Patients: Importance of Clinical Context.

Background: Rotational thromboelastometry (ROTEM) is widely used for point-of-care coagulation testing to reduce blood transfusions. Accurate interpretation of ROTEM data is crucial and requires substantial training. This study investigates the inter- and intrarater reliability of ROTEM interpretation among experts and compares their interpretations with a ROTEM-guided algorithm.

Who's Afraid of Murderous Rage? When Euthanasia Colludes with Self-Destructiveness.

The impact of intense countertransference affects in working with patients experiencing complex trauma can have a critical effect on decisions about euthanasia, especially when such decisions are made solely on the grounds of a psychiatric condition. These countertransference dynamics become particularly significant in the context of the rising number of euthanasia requests by psychiatric patients in the Netherlands. We contend that for a subgroup of patients with complex trauma, attachment trauma, and personality disorders, the label "treatment-resistant" may be applied prematurely and incorrectly.

Regional changes in cerebral blood flow between the upright and supine posture and over 3 days of bed rest.

A reduction in cerebral blood flow (CBF) has been observed during spaceflight and bed rest. We aimed to examine the magnitude and regional heterogeneity of the decrease in CBF during bed rest compared to posture changes on Earth. Seventeen participants (age, 29 ± 9 years, 7 females) were studied in the upright and supine posture and over 3 days of bed rest.

Cerebral Microbleeds and Amyloid Pathology Estimates From the Amyloid Biomarker Study.

Importance: Baseline cerebral microbleeds (CMBs) and APOE ε4 allele copy number are important risk factors for amyloid-related imaging abnormalities in patients with Alzheimer disease (AD) receiving therapies to lower amyloid-β plaque levels.

Objective: To provide prevalence estimates of any, no more than 4, or fewer than 2 CMBs in association with amyloid status, APOE ε4 copy number, and age.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This cross-sectional study used data included in the Amyloid Biomarker Study data pooling initiative (January 1, 2012, to the present [data collection is ongoing]).

Depressive Symptoms and Amyloid Pathology.

Importance: Depressive symptoms are associated with cognitive decline in older individuals. Uncertainty about underlying mechanisms hampers diagnostic and therapeutic efforts. This large-scale study aimed to elucidate the association between depressive symptoms and amyloid pathology.

Hair Cortisol in Young Children with Autism and Their Parents: Associations with Child Mental Health, Eating Behavior and Weight Status.

Children with autism and their parents face daily challenges that may be stressful for both. However, little is known about biological stress (hair cortisol concentrations [HCC]) in these families and its connection to children's health outcomes. This study investigates biological stress in children with autism and their parents and its associations with child mental health, eating behavior and BMI.

Blood Flow Velocity Analysis in Cerebral Perforating Arteries on 7T 2D Phase Contrast MRI with an Open-Source Software Tool (SELMA).

Blood flow velocity in the cerebral perforating arteries can be quantified in a two-dimensional plane with phase contrast magnetic imaging (2D PC-MRI). The velocity pulsatility index (PI) can inform on the stiffness of these perforating arteries, which is related to several cerebrovascular diseases. Currently, there is no open-source analysis tool for 2D PC-MRI data from these small vessels, impeding the usage of these measurements.

The publication fate of abstracts awarded prizes at European Society of Paediatric Radiology annual scientific meetings.

Background: The European Society of Paediatric Radiology (ESPR) awards prizes for outstanding work presented at their annual scientific meetings. The proportion of ESPR prize-winning abstracts to journal publications is not known. Contextualising abstract-to-publication proportions by evaluating publication experience can yield valuable insights and actionable outcomes to support researchers in overcoming barriers to journal publication.

Multi-study fMRI outlooks on subcortical BOLD responses in the stop-signal paradigm.

This study investigates the functional network underlying response inhibition in the human brain, particularly the role of the basal ganglia in successful action cancellation. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) approaches have frequently used the stop-signal task to examine this network. We merge five such datasets, using a novel aggregatory method allowing the unification of raw fMRI data across sites.

Coronary Computed Tomography Angiography in Heart Transplant Patients: Current Insights and Future Directions.

Cardiac allograft vasculopathy (CAV) remains a significant challenge after heart transplantation, necessitating effective surveillance methods. This review centers around the role of coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) in CAV surveillance, given its unique capabilities to visualize and quantify CAV in comparison with other imaging modalities, including invasive coronary angiography and intravascular ultrasound. CCTA has shown good diagnostic performance for detecting and monitoring CAV, exemplified by a higher sensitivity and negative predictive value compared with invasive coronary angiography.

Broadband coherent Fourier scatterometry: A two-pulse approach.

We demonstrate a broadband implementation of coherent Fourier scatterometry (CFS) using a supercontinuum source. Spectral information can be resolved by splitting the incident field into two pulses with a variable delay and interfering them at the detector after interaction with the sample, bearing similarities with Fourier-transform spectroscopy. By varying the time delay between the pulses, a collection of diffraction patterns is captured in the Fourier plane, thereby obtaining an interferogram for every camera pixel.

Emotional Movement Kinematics Guide Twelve-Month-Olds' Visual, but Not Manual, Exploration.

The ability to recognize and act on others' emotions is crucial for navigating social interactions successfully and learning about the world. One way in which others' emotions are observable is through their movement kinematics. Movement information is available even at a distance or when an individual's face is not visible.

Preliminary efficacy of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing for children aged 1.5-8 years with PTSD: a multiple baseline experimental design ( = 19).

Trauma exposure is common in (pre) school-aged children and around one-fifth of exposed children meet the criteria for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). These symptoms can cause severe impairment to a child's functioning and, if left untreated, have negative long-term consequences. Therefore, there is an urgent need for effective treatment to reduce the acute and long-term effects of trauma.