High immunoproteasome and low constitutive proteasome subunit levels correlate with sensitivity to bortezomib-containing chemotherapy: update from the Children's Oncology Group AALL1231 trial.

Not available.

Prevalence and Incidence of Oral Benzodiazepine Use in Hospitalized Surgical Patients: A Retrospective Cohort Study.

Objective: To determine the prevalence of intrahospital oral benzodiazepine use in the surgical population of a tertiary care centre.

Summary Of Background Data: Oral benzodiazepines used for treating sleep disturbances and anxiety are widely used in the general population. Information regarding benzodiazepine use during hospitalization is scarce.

Retina-on-chip: engineering functional models of the human retina using organ-on-chip technology.

The retina is a complex and highly metabolic tissue in the back of the eye essential for human vision. Retinal diseases can lead to loss of vision in early and late stages of life, significantly affecting patients' quality of life. Due to its accessibility for surgical interventions and its isolated nature, the retina is an attractive target for novel genetic therapies and stem cell-based regenerative medicine.

Young TPI: empowering animal-free science among the next- generation of scientists.

Strategies emphasizing animal-free innovation are imperative for the contemporary and future scientific research. They not only address important ethical concerns, but also should directly improve research accuracy and reliability through redirecting scientific inquiry toward more reliable and translatable methodologies. Promotion and encouragement for use of animal-free innovations among the next-generation of scientists, alongside knowledge acquisition and training in the increased capabilities of novel technologies, are fundamental for advancing science and the welfare of animals used for scientific purposes.

A scoping review and expert consensus on digital determinants of health.

Objective: To map how social, commercial, political and digital determinants of health have changed or emerged during the recent digital transformation of society and to identify priority areas for policy action.

Methods: We systematically searched MEDLINE, Embase and Web of Science on 24 September 2023, to identify eligible reviews published in 2018 and later. To ensure we included the most recent literature, we supplemented our review with non-systematic searches in PubMed® and Google Scholar, along with records identified by subject matter experts.

Measuring adjustment of siblings of children with disabilities: psychometric properties across translations, age groups and informants.

Objectives: The Negative Adjustment Scale (NAS) is used to measure adjustment to having a sibling with a disability. However, several adaptations to the scale have been made, and implementation varies across studies and countries. This study examined the psychometric properties across different versions and provides directions for future use and development of the NAS.

Ultrasound B-Scan for Posterior Segment and Extraocular Evaluation in Ocular Cysticercosis.

Purpose: Cysticercosis, caused by Taenia solium larvae, can affect various ocular and extraocular structures, leading to significant morbidity. Ultrasound B-scan imaging plays a pivotal role in diagnosing and classifying cysticercosis lesions. The aim of the study was to describe the ultrasound B-scan characteristics of ocular and extraocular cysticercosis, proposing a classification system based on anatomical localization to enhance understanding and management.

Value contribution of leniolisib in the Treatment of Activated PI3Kδ syndrome (APDS) in Spain using Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA).

Background: Activated phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) δ Syndrome (APDS) is an ultra-rare, potentially life-threatening disease that lacks approved treatments in Spain. This study aimed to apply Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA) to assess the value of the first pharmacological treatment for APDS in Spain.

Methods: A multidisciplinary group of 8 experts evaluated the selective PI3Kδ inhibitor leniolisib against Standard of Care (SoC).

Protocol of the Nutritional, Psychosocial, and Environmental Determinants of Neurodevelopment and Child Mental Health (COINCIDE) study.

Background: Over 250 million children are developing sub-optimally due to their exposure to early life adversities. While previous studies have examined the effects of nutritional status, psychosocial adversities, and environmental pollutants on children's outcomes, little is known about their interaction and cumulative effects.

Objectives: This study aims to investigate the independent, interaction, and cumulative effects of nutritional, psychosocial, and environmental factors on children's cognitive development and mental health in urban and rural India.

Evaluating plasma biomarkers NfL, GFAP, GDF15, and FGF21 as indicators of disease severity in Charcot-Marie Tooth patients.

Background: Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (CMT), a slowly advancing hereditary nerve disorder, presents a significant challenge in the medical field. Effective drugs for treatment are lacking, and we struggle to find sensitive markers to track the disease's severity and progression. In this study, our objective was to investigate the levels of neurofilament light chain (NfL), glial fibrillary acid protein (GFAP), fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF-21) and growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF-15) in individuals with CMT and to compare them to a control group.

Nutrition Users' Guides: RCTs Part 2 - structured guide for interpreting and applying study results from randomised controlled trials on therapy or prevention questions.

This article continues from a prior commentary on evaluating the risk of bias in randomised controlled trials addressing nutritional interventions. Having provided a synopsis of the risk of bias issues, we now address how to understand trial results, including the interpretation of best estimates of effect and the corresponding precision (eg, 95% CIs), as well as the applicability of the evidence to patients based on their unique circumstances (eg, patients' values and preferences when trading off potential desirable and undesirable health outcomes and indicators (eg, cholesterol), and the potential burden and cost of an intervention). Authors can express the estimates of effect for health outcomes and indicators in relative terms (relative risks, relative risk reductions, OR or HRs)-measures that are generally consistent across populations-and absolute terms (risk differences)-measures that are more intuitive to clinicians and patients.

Prevalence and predictive factors of testosterone-induced erythrocytosis: a retrospective single center study.

Aim: This study analyzes the prevalence and predictive factors of testosterone-induced erythrocytosis (TIE) in patients receiving testosterone replacement therapy (TRT).

Methods: Retrospective single-center observational study.

Results: 247 patients were included; median age was 47.

External negative pressure improves lung aeration in near-term rabbit kittens at risk of developing respiratory distress.

Introduction: As airway liquid is cleared into lung interstitial tissue after birth, the chest wall must expand to accommodate this liquid and the incoming air. We examined the effect of applying external positive and negative pressures to the chest wall on lung aeration in near-term rabbit kittens at risk of developing respiratory distress.

Methods: Rabbit kittens (30 days; term ∼31 days) were randomised into and groups.

Solar Wind Magnetosphere Ionosphere Link Explorer (SMILE): Science and Mission Overview.

The Solar wind Magnetosphere Ionosphere Link Explorer (SMILE) was proposed to the Chinese Academy of Science (CAS) and the European Space Agency (ESA) following a joint call for science missions issued in January 2015. SMILE was proposed by a team of European and Chinese scientists, led by two mission Co-PIs, one from China and one from Europe. SMILE was selected in June 2015, and its budget adopted by the Chinese Academy of Sciences in November 2016 and the ESA Science Programme Committee in March 2019, respectively.

The progress in the field of clinical staging for mental disorders within the last decade: an updated systematic review.

Introduction: Clinical staging aims to refine psychiatric diagnosis by describing mental disorders on a continuum of disorder progression, with the pragmatic goal of improved treatment planning and outcome prediction. The first systematic review on this topic, published a decade ago, included 78 papers, and identified separate staging models for schizophrenia, unipolar depression, bipolar disorder, panic disorder, substance use disorder, anorexia, and bulimia nervosa. The current review updates this review by including new proposals for staging models and by systematically reviewing research based upon full or partial staging models since 2012.

Effects of non-pharmacological interventions on the depressive outcomes in people with mild cognitive impairment: an overview of systematic reviews.

Objective: This study aimed to summarize and assess the certainty of evidence of non-pharmacological interventions (NPIs) on the depressive outcomes in people with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) based on published systematic reviews (SRs).

Method: Databases including PubMed, EMBASE, PsycINFO, the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, CNKI, CBM, Wanfang and VIP database were searched from their inception to June 6, 2023. The methodological quality of the SRs was evaluated using the AMSTAR2 tool, and the quality of evidence was assessed using the Grading of Recommendation Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) framework.

Perspectives of People with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Towards a Decision Aid Assessing Preferences of Glucose-Lowering Drugs: The Dilemma of Choosing.

Background: Treatment guidelines recommend metformin as initial drug in many people with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and low risk of cardiovascular disease, with the possibility to switch to or add other drug classes. A decision aid (DA) could be useful to incorporate a patient's preferences in the decision of which drug class to choose. We developed such a DA and assessed the perspectives of people with T2D towards its comprehensibility and usability.

Adult phenotypes of genetic developmental and epileptic encephalopathies.

Developmental and epileptic encephalopathies constitute a group of severe epilepsies, with seizure onset typically occurring in infancy or childhood, and diverse clinical manifestations, including neurodevelopmental deficits and multimorbidities. Many have genetic aetiologies, identified in up to 50% of individuals. Whilst classically considered paediatric disorders, most are compatible with survival into adulthood, but their adult phenotypes remain inadequately understood.

Physical functioning before knee arthroplasty is not associated with (standardized) preoperative physiotherapy, but is tied to physical functioning 1-year post-surgery: A prospective cohort study.

Background: and purpose This study investigates whether a (regionally) standardized physiotherapy approach, employing a stepped-care model, can more effectively enhance preoperative physical function in end-stage osteoarthritis (OA) patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty (TKA) or unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA) and improve postoperative outcomes, addressing the current gap in understanding the impact of such interventions.

Methods: This mono-center observational prospective cohort study followed 216 primary UKA or TKA patients for one-year post-surgery. Preoperative physiotherapy, recorded through self-reported questionnaires, included standardization and treatment frequency details.

Explorative Study of Modulatory Effects of Notochordal Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles on the IL-1β-Induced Catabolic Cascade in Nucleus Pulposus Cell Pellets and Explants.

Background: Cell-free regenerative strategies, such as notochordal cell (NC)-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs), are an attractive alternative in developing new therapies for intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration. NC-EVs have been reported to elicit matrix anabolic effects on nucleus pulposus cells from degenerated IVDs cultured under basal conditions. However, the degenerative process is exacerbated by pro-inflammatory cytokines contributing to the vicious degenerative cycle.

Optimal Screening for Hereditary Head and Neck Paraganglioma in Asymptomatic SDHx Variant Carriers in the Netherlands.

 SDHx variant carriers have an increased risk of developing head and neck paraganglioma. The Dutch guidelines state that these patients require lifelong follow-up, but no clear recommendation is made about the frequency of screening.  To determine the annual risk of developing head and neck paraganglioma in SDHx variant carriers after a negative initial screening.

Co-creating a person-centered creative engagement intervention for Parkinson's care.

Background: Recent research in the field of "Arts and Health" has demonstrated the beneficial impact of arts-based interventions on health and well-being across diverse populations. Recognizing their potential, especially in cases where conventional healthcare cannot address the multifaceted impact of conditions such as in Parkinson's disease (PD), our study advocates for an integrative approach in medical practice and neuroscience. We recommend incorporating learning environments from the design phase through long-term care.

The effects of heritage multilingualism on foreign language learning: a comparison of children with typical language development and developmental language disorder.

Introduction: Both multilingualism and developmental language disorder (DLD) may be associated with inferior performance in the majority language, albeit for different reasons. At the same time, there is a growing body of evidence that multilingualism may have a positive effect on foreign language performance. This study tests the hypothesis that the positive effects of multilingualism on foreign language learning may be smaller in children with DLD compared to their multilingual peers with typical language development.