A digital intervention to reduce home-office workers' sedentary behaviour: protocol for the evaluation of the Click2Move programme, a cluster randomised controlled trial.

Background: A new paradigm of hybrid working exists, with most office workers sharing their work between the office and home office environment. Working from home increases time spent or prolonged sitting, which is associated with an increased risk of chronic disease. Interventions to reduce sitting time, specifically designed for both the office and home-office environments, are required to address this growing public health issue.

Charlson comorbidity index has no incremental value for mortality risk prediction in nursing home residents with COVID-19 disease.

Background: During the COVID-19 pandemic, nursing home (NH) residents faced the highest risk of severe COVID-19 disease and mortality. Due to their frailty status, comorbidity burden can serve as a useful predictive indicator of vulnerability in this frail population. However, the prognostic value of these cumulative comorbidity scores like the Charlson comorbidity index (CCI) remained unclear in this population.

Effects of proton pump inhibitor (PPI) use on migraine - a critical review.

Background: Proton pump inhibitor (PPI) drugs are widely used and are among the most significant achievements of modern pharmacology. Their primary purpose is treating and preventing gastric acid-related disorders. Migraine and PPI intake are prevalent, and many people are affected by both.

Enhancing individual glomerular filtration rate assessment: can we trust the equation? Development and validation of machine learning models to assess the trustworthiness of estimated GFR compared to measured GFR.

Background: Creatinine-based estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) equations are widely used in clinical practice but exhibit inherent limitations. On the other side, measuring GFR is time consuming and not available in routine clinical practice. We developed and validated machine learning models to assess the trustworthiness (i.

Is maternal diabetes during pregnancy associated with neurodevelopmental, cognitive and behavioural outcomes in children? Insights from individual participant data meta-analysis in ten birth cohorts.

Background: Growing evidence shows that dysregulated metabolic intrauterine environments can affect offspring's neurodevelopment and behaviour. However, the results of individual cohort studies have been inconsistent. We aimed to investigate the association between maternal diabetes before pregnancy and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) with neurodevelopmental, cognitive and behavioural outcomes in children.

Identifying falsified COVID-19 vaccines by analysing vaccine vial label and excipient profiles using MALDI-ToF mass spectrometry.

The rapid development and worldwide distribution of COVID-19 vaccines is a remarkable achievement of biomedical research and logistical implementation. However, these developments are associated with the risk of a surge of substandard and falsified (SF) vaccines, as illustrated by the 184 incidents with SF and diverted COVID-19 vaccines which have been reported during the pandemic in 48 countries, with a paucity of methods for their detection in supply chains. In this context, matrix-assisted laser desorption ionisation-time of flight (MALDI-ToF) mass spectrometry (MS) is globally available for fast and accurate analysis of bacteria in patient samples, offering a potentially accessible solution to identify SF vaccines.

Metagenomic global survey and in-depth genomic analyses of Ruminococcus gnavus reveal differences across host lifestyle and health status.

Ruminococcus gnavus is a gut bacterium found in > 90% of healthy individuals, but its increased abundance is also associated with chronic inflammatory diseases, particularly Crohn's disease. Nevertheless, its global distribution and intraspecies genomic variation remain understudied. By surveying 12,791 gut metagenomes, we recapitulated known associations with metabolic diseases and inflammatory bowel disease.

Sample Preparation of Caenorhabditis elegans for GC-MS-Based Metabolomics in Toxicity Assessment.

The nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, widely recognized as a model organism due to its ease of breeding and well-characterized genomes, boasts complete digestive, reproductive, and endocrine systems, as well as conserved signaling pathways shared with mammals. It has become an invaluable resource for metabolomics research, particularly in examining responses to chemical or environmental factors and toxicity assessments. In this article, we provide detailed, step-by-step protocols for cultivating C.

Analysis of Salicylic and Phenolic Acids in the Plant by HPLC-Fluorescence Detector.

Salicylic acid is a member of benzoic acid derivatives, a group of compounds which have a backbone of C6C1 consisting of one carboxyl group and one (or more) hydroxyl group(s) attached to the aromatic ring. Salicylic acid is a signaling compound in systemic acquired resistance (SAR). An increased level of salicylic acid is found in the plant after a fungi's attack, which further induces the accumulation of phytoalexins, low molecular weight defense compounds.

Identification of Flavonoids Using UV-Vis and MS Spectra.

Flavonoids are a group of specialized metabolites that are ubiquitously found within the plant kingdom. While they fulfill various important functions within the plant, they are also utilized by humans in a variety of different fields such as medicine, food science, and agriculture. Thus, to elucidate the chemical composition of any given plant extract, extraction and identification of flavonoids are of high interest.

Rapid acclimatization to baseline stimulation with a multi-canal vestibulocochlear implant.

Purpose: It is hypothesized that a vestibular implant should re-establish baseline activity of the ampullary nerves. Use of a constant baseline stimulation potentially allows encoding of bi-directional head movements, through the addition of signal modulations. Effective stimulation of the vestibular nerves depends on the ability to acclimate to this baseline signal.

Opt-In versus opt-out for the secondary use of routinely recorded health data: A randomized controlled trial.

Importance: Optimal data availability for secondary use is crucial for continuous improvement in healthcare. At the same time, it is imperative to uphold patients' rights to be informed, to control the use of their health data and to protect their privacy. To balance these two needs, we investigated which consent procedure (opt-in or opt-out) would be most supportive of data availability.

Sacubitril/valsartan is associated with improvements in quality of life in adult congenital heart disease patients with systemic right ventricular failure.

Background: Short-term improvements in quality of life (QOL) have been reported in adult congenital heart disease patients with systemic right ventricle (sRV) failure after treatment with sacubitril/valsartan. This study aimed to evaluate the medium-term QOL changes in sRV failure patients treated with sacubitril/valsartan.

Methods: In this single-centre, prospective cohort study, patients with symptomatic sRV failure completed the Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research/Academic Hospital Leiden Questionnaire for Adult's Health-Related Quality of Life (TAAQOL) at baseline and after starting treatment with sacubitril/valsartan.

Safety and efficacy of filgotinib in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: final results of the DARWIN 3 long-term extension study.

Objectives: DARWIN 3 (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT02065700) assessed the safety and efficacy of filgotinib in a long-term extension (LTE) of two phase II randomised controlled rheumatoid arthritis (RA) trials.

Methods: Eligible patients completing the 24-week DARWIN 1 (filgotinib plus methotrexate) and DARWIN 2 (filgotinib monotherapy) trials could enrol.

Conflicts of interest in the International Agency for Research on Cancer process of identifying carcinogenic hazards to humans.

Managing conflicts of interest (COIs) in scientific decision-making is important for minimizing bias and fostering public trust in science. Proper management of COIs has added significance when scientists are making decisions that impact public policy, such as assessing substances for carcinogenicity. The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) organizes expert working groups to identify putative carcinogens and determine whether or not the hazard is likely to present significant potential harm to humans.

Normal tissue complication probability model predicting taste impairment in head and neck cancer patients: Evaluating the taste bud bearing tongue mucosa as a predictor.

Background/purpose: Taste impairment is a common yet complex toxicity of head and neck cancer (HNC) radiotherapy treatment that may affect quality of life of survivors. This study aimed to predict acute and late taste impairment using taste bud bearing tongue mucosa as a new taste-specific organ-at-risk compared to full oral cavity as identified in previous studies.

Materials/methods: Included HNC patients were treated with curative radiotherapy between 2007 and 2022.

A large hypothesis-free proteomics study investigating serum inflammatory markers as biomarkers of dry eye disease.

Purpose: To test the association between serum inflammatory markers and dry eye disease (DED) using a hypothesis-free proteomic approach in a population-based cohort.

Methods: A total of 2602 unselected community-based participants (mean age 61.5 (range 21-92 years), 94.

MR-guided Transrectal Focal Laser Ablation for Localized Low- and Intermediate Risk Prostate Cancer: Initial Outcomes Using an Integrated Laser Ablation System.

Purpose: To investigate the feasibility and safety of MRI-guided focal laser ablation (FLA) in localized, International Society of Urological Pathology (ISUP) grade 1-3, prostate cancer (PCa) using an integrated system.

Methods: Ten consecutive males (mean age: 66±7 years) with low-to-intermediate risk PCa were prospectively included (April 2022-May 2023) and treated with MRI-guided FLA using an integrated system for laser energy control and MR thermometry monitoring. Primary endpoints were technical success, procedure-related adverse events (AEs) following SIR (Society of Interventional Radiology) classification, and 12-months local tumor progression-free survival (LTPFS), defined as no evident residual/ recurrent disease on follow-up imaging or histopathology at the treatment site.

The impact of operational trial approaches on representativeness: Comparison of decentralized clinical trial participants, conventional trial participants, and patients in daily practice.

Decentralized clinical trial (DCT) approaches - in which trial activities are conducted at participants' homes - have the potential to improve representativeness. We present a study that compared the demographics and cardiovascular risk factors of participants from a DCT (ASCEND) and a conventional trial with a similar trial objective (POPADAD) to those of patients in daily practice. We adjudicate that there are relevant differences when comparing the participants of the conventional trial and the DCT, with the latter providing better representativeness in terms of age, insulin use, smoking status, and body mass index, whereas conventional trial participants were more representative in terms of biological sex.

Standard enhancement settings used on endoscopy systems significantly impair performance of artificial intelligence systems in endoscopy.

Background AI-systems in endoscopy are predominantly developed and tested using high-quality imagery from expert centers. Their performance may be different when applied on heterogeneous imagery in clinical practice. This is partially caused by the diversity in post-processing enhancement settings used in endoscopy units.

From river to groundwater: Antibiotics pollution, resistance prevalence, and source tracking.

The extensive use of antibiotics has led to their frequent detection as residues in the environment. However, monitoring of their levels in groundwater and the associated ecological and health risks remains limited, and the impact of river pollution on groundwater is still unclear. This study focused on the highly urbanized Maozhou River and its groundwater.

Muscle imaging in facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy research: A scoping review and expert recommendations.

Clinical trial readiness is an important topic in the field of facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy (FSHD). As FSHD is a slowly progressive and clinically heterogeneous disease, imaging biomarkers have been proposed to complement clinical outcome measures. Muscle magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), ultrasound and dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) have been used to measure disease severity, activity and progression.

Accumulation of metals in resident blue mussels (Mytilus edulis) and exposed Asian clams (Corbicula fluminea) along the Scheldt estuary: A spatial and temporal investigation.

Metals are micropollutants of significant concern in the aquatic environment, requiring continuous monitoring to assess their distribution and environmental risk. This study investigated metals in water, sediment, and bivalves at different locations along the Scheldt estuary (the Netherlands-Belgium). The distribution of metals generally decreased from upstream to downstream in each matrix, with exceptions.