Child exposure to N-(1,3-dimethylbutyl)-N'-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine (6PPD) and its derived quinone (6PPDQ) in e-waste areas: Urinary concentrations, sources, and health effect assessment.

N-(1,3-dimethylbutyl)-N'-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine quinone (6PPDQ) and its parent 6PPD are ubiquitous in the environment and may induce multi-endpoint toxicity. Electronic waste (e-waste) dismantling is an under-recognized source of 6PPD and 6PPDQ emissions, and there is a lack of epidemiological investigations into their presence and health effects in local populations. This study aimed to determine the urinary concentrations of 6PPD and 6PPDQ in children aged 2-7 years from e-waste dismantling areas and evaluate their potential risk to physical growth.

Establishing a Pan-European, multi-disciplinary taphonomic research Infrastructure: The 'UK-Netherlands decomposition experimental research (UNDER) Group'.

This study unveils the establishment of the United Kingdom-Netherlands Decomposition Experimental Research (UNDER) working group, marking a pioneering initiative in practical Forensic Taphonomy within the UK. Our primary objective was to craft a cohesive multidisciplinary framework, designed to ethically orchestrate, execute, and assess human decomposition. Concurrently, we aimed to amass data through human burials, fostering collaboration among diverse forensic experts across Europe.

Forensic analysis of an alleged improvised explosive device (IED) from a multidisciplinary perspective: Organisation and outcomes of the ENFSI 2023 exercise.

Interdisciplinary examination of test materials requires careful consideration of how forensic routines can influence each other. This influence can be direct and obvious, or indirect and subtle. A multidisciplinary collaborative exercise (MdCE) should test a forensic laboratory's ability to account for these difficulties.

International benchmarking of stage at diagnosis for six childhood solid tumours (the BENCHISTA project): a population-based, retrospective cohort study.

Background: International variation in childhood cancer survival might be explained by differences in stage at diagnosis, among other factors. As part of the BENCHISTA project, we aimed to assess geographical variation in tumour stage at diagnosis through the application, by population-based cancer registries working with clinicians, of the international consensus Toronto Childhood Cancer Stage Guidelines.

Methods: This population-based, retrospective cohort study involved 67 cancer registries from 23 European countries, Australia, Brazil, Japan, and Canada.

Characteristics of children and adolescents with multidrug-resistant and rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis and their association with treatment outcomes: a systematic review and individual participant data meta-analysis.

Background: There are few data on the treatment of children and adolescents with multidrug-resistant (MDR) or rifampicin-resistant (RR) tuberculosis, especially with more recently available drugs and regimens. We aimed to describe the clinical and treatment characteristics and their associations with treatment outcomes in this susceptible population.

Methods: We conducted a systematic review and individual participant data meta-analysis.

Ecopsychosocial strategies for the self-exploration of professional family caregivers to manage the behavioural and psychological symptoms of Alzheimer patients in Iran: a qualitative study.

Objective: The aim of the present study was to explore the experiences and viewpoints of professional family caregivers in the management of behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSDs) to identify the ecopsychosocial strategies applied by them.

Design: Qualitative study.

Setting: Kerman, Iran.

A case report of the female world record holder 1500m to marathon in the 75+ age category.

This study assessed the cardiorespiratory fitness, running biomechanics, muscle architecture and training characteristics of a 76-year-old female runner who currently holds the world record 1500m to marathon in the women's 75-79 age category. maximal oxygen uptake (V̇O), running economy (RE), lactate threshold (LT) and lactate turnpoint (LTP), maximal heart rate (HR), and running biomechanics were measured during a discontinuous treadmill protocol followed by a maximal incremental test. Muscle architecture was assessed using ultrasound.

Analysis of trends and allergenicity risk assessments in novel food approvals within the European Union between 2018 and 2023.

Novel food (NF) approvals in the European Union between 2018 and 2023 (n = 117) were retrieved and analysed. They consist of new NF (52.1%), modification (38.

A proposed screening strategy for evaluating the genotoxicity potential of botanicals and botanical extracts.

Botanicals have long been used to promote health and treat diseases, but the safety of many currently marketed botanicals has not been adequately evaluated. Given the chemical complexity of botanicals, which often contain numerous unknown constituents, and their widespread use, comprehensive toxicity assessments are needed. The Botanical Safety Consortium was established to address this challenge.

Studying the intracellular bile acid concentration and toxicity in drug-induced cholestasis: Comprehensive LC-MS/MS analysis with human liver slices.

Drug-induced cholestasis (DIC) is a leading cause of drug-induced liver injury post-drug marketing, characterized by bile flow obstruction and toxic bile constituent accumulation within hepatocytes. This study investigates the toxicity associated with intracellular bile acid (BA) accumulation during DIC development. Using liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analysis, we examined intracellular BA concentrations in human precision-cut liver slices (PCLS) following the administration of cyclosporin A and chlorpromazine, both with and without an established BA mixture.

Patient-Reported Outcome Measures: A key to patient-tailored and outcome-driven care in Pulmonary Embolism survivors.

Almost half of the acute pulmonary embolism (PE) survivors suffer from long-term sequelae that limit quality of life and their reintegration in society. The post-PE syndrome involves a spectrum of complications ranging from life-threatening pulmonary hypertension to deconditioning and psychosocial issues. The follow-up of acute PE has been demonstrated to be rife with challenges including long diagnostic delays, inefficient use of healthcare resources and the ignorance of psychosocial complications such as depression and anxiety.

Use of alternatives to animal testing for Environmental Safety Assessment (ESA): Report from the 2023 EPAA partners' forum.

Environmental Safety Assessments (ESA) are mandatory for several regulatory purposes and are an important component of stewardship/sustainability initiatives. Fish testing is used for assessing chemical toxicity and bioaccumulation potential; amphibians are included in some jurisdictions and their use is increasing to assess endocrine disruption. Alternative methods are becoming more available, covering the principles of the 3Rs (i.

A sensor-based study on the environmental determinants of sleep in older adults.

Introduction: The residential environment is hypothesized to influence sleep quality within urban settings. Factors associated with the residential environment include air and noise pollution, area socioeconomic status, green and blue spaces, and other neighborhood features. This study seeks to quantify the association of selected environmental factors with sleep quality in the daily lives of 211 older adults residing in the Paris metropolitan area with sensor-based methods.

Identifying Patient Subgroups in the Heterogeneous Chronic Pain Population Using Cluster Analysis.

Chronic pain is an ill-defined disease with complex biopsychosocial aspects, posing treatment challenges. We hypothesized that treatment failure results, at least partly, from limited understanding of diverse patient subgroups. We aimed to identify subgroups using psychological variables, allowing for more tailored interventions.

The Role of Interoception in Lifestyle Factors: A Systematic Review.

Background: Interoception, the perception of the internal state of the body, offers an underrepresented and intriguing potential avenue for altering lifestyle-related behaviors. Interoception is intrinsically related to maintaining homeostasis and the flexible allostatic regulation of complex demands. Internal bodily states may also be influenced by lifestyle factors and related problems.

Current trends and evidence on post-TEVAR aorto-pulmonary and -bronchial fistula: a narrative review.

Introduction: Aorto-bronchial or aorto-pulmonary fistulas (ABPF) are a rare but life-threatening complication following thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR). This narrative review aims to provide an overview of the current trends and available evidence on ABPF following TEVAR, evaluating risk factors, diagnostic approaches, and possible preventive and therapeutic strategies.

Methods: Relevant publications on post-TEVAR ABPF were selected through a literature search on PubMed.

Trends and Updates in the Management and Outcomes of Acute Uncomplicated Type B Aortic Dissection.

Type B aortic dissection (TBAD) presents a complex clinical challenge requiring coordinated, multidisciplinary care to optimize patient outcomes. While rapid intervention is crucial for complicated TBAD, the optimal management of uncomplicated cases remains less well-defined. Historically, uncomplicated TBAD was managed medically, but recent years have seen a shift toward selective interventional approaches.

LOCAL CHARACTERIZATION OF COLLAGEN ARCHITECTURE AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF TISSUE ENGINEERED ATHEROSCLEROTIC PLAQUE CAP ANALOGS.

Many cardiovascular events are triggered by fibrous cap rupture of an atherosclerotic plaque in arteries. However, cap rupture, including the impact of the cap's structural components, is poorly understood. To obtain better mechanistic insights in a biologically and mechanically controlled environment, we previously developed a tissue-engineered fibrous cap model.

Antisocial personality disorder:Failure to balance excitation/inhibition?

While healthy brain function relies on a dynamic but tightly regulated interaction between excitation (E) and inhibition (I), a spectrum of social cognition disorders, including antisocial behavior and antisocial personality disorder (ASPD), frequently ensuing from irregular neurodevelopment, may be associated with E/I imbalance and concomitant alterations in neural connectivity. Technological advances in the evaluation of structural and functional E/I balance proxies in clinical settings and in human cell culture models provide a general basis for identification of biomarkers providing a powerful concept for prevention and intervention across different dimensions of mental health and disease. In this perspective we outline a framework for research to characterize neurodevelopmental pathways to antisocial behavior and ASPD driven by (epi)genetic factors across life, and to identify molecular targets for preventing the detrimental effects of cognitive dysfunction and maladaptive social behavior, considering psychosocial experience; to validate signatures of E/I imbalance and altered myelination proxies as biomarkers of pathogenic neural circuitry mechanisms to determine etiological processes in the transition from mental health to antisocial behavior and ASPD and in the switch from prevention to treatment; to develop a neurobiologically-grounded integrative model of antisocial behavior and ASPD resultant of disrupted E/I balance, allowing to establish objective diagnoses and monitoring tools, to personalize prevention and therapeutic decisions, to predict treatment response, and thus counteract relapse; and finally, to promote transformation of dimensional disorder taxonomy and to enhance societal awareness and reception of the neurobiological basis of antisocial behavior and ASPD.

Discontinuation of anticoagulants and occurrence of bleeding and thromboembolic events in vitamin K antagonist users with a life-limiting disease.

Background: Data on risks and benefits of long-term anticoagulants in patients with a life-limiting disease are limited. This cohort study aims to describe (dis)continuation of anticoagulants and incidences of bleeding and thromboembolic events in vitamin K antagonist (VKA) users with a life-limiting disease.

Methods: Data from five Dutch anticoagulation clinics were linked to data from Statistics Netherlands and the Netherlands Cancer registry.

Prevention of bleeding after endoscopic resection of early esophageal neoplasia in patients with esophageal varices: a systematic review.

Background Although endoscopic resection (ER) is recommended as first-choice treatment for early esophageal neoplasia, patients with esophageal varices are considered a high-risk group due to an increased bleeding risk. This systematic review aimed to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of ER in this specific patient category. Methods We searched for studies reporting on clinical outcomes of ER in presence of esophageal varices, irrespective of study design or follow-up time.

Causal Estimands for Analyses of Averted and Avertible Outcomes due to Infectious Disease Interventions.

During the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic, researchers attempted to estimate the number of averted and avertible outcomes due to vaccination campaigns to quantify public health impact. However, the estimands used in these analyses have not been previously formalized. It is also unclear how these analyses relate to the broader framework of direct, indirect, total, and overall causal effects under interference.