Trends in Substance Use and Abuse During COVID-19 Among the General Population.

Background: COVID-19 pandemic has brought many public health issues, including substance use and abuse. Individuals abusing substances are vulnerable to severe infections caused by SARS-CoV-2 virus as well as impairment of the immune system, mental health, and physical health. Despite considerable efforts to minimize and prevent substance use, the use of tobacco, alcohol, and illicit substances is ever increasing resulting in morbidity and mortality which significantly leads to socio-economic costs.

Detection of Human PapillomaVirus and its Association with Potentially Malignant Disorders and Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Retrospective Study.

Aim: This study was carried out with the objective of recognizing the involvement of human papillomavirus (HPV) in conditions of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and oral potentially malignant conditions and lesions.

Materials And Methods: OSCC samples from thirty patients were collected and thirty paraffin-embedded, oral premalignant specimens were collected. It was decided to use as a negative control samples gingiva from healthy individuals who had no prior history of oral proliferative leukoplakia or OSCC.

History in Perspective: The prime pathological players and role of phytochemicals in Alzheimer's disease.

Alzheimer's disease is a steadily progressive, irreversible neurological disorder that is most frequently categorized under the umbrella term "neurodegeneration". Several attempts are underway to clarify the pathogenic mechanisms, identify the aetiologies, and determine a pathway by which the therapeutic steps can be implemented. Oxidative stress is one of the pathogenic processes, which is commonly believed to be associated with neurodegenerative diseases.

Cost of treatment and consequences for chronic hepatitis B and C virus infection at a tertiary care hospital in Delhi.

Patient living with chronic viral hepatitis in India faces the high cost of treatment and impoverishment. The present study is aimed to assess the cost of treatment and economic consequences among chronically infected viral hepatitis patients at a tertiary care hospital in Delhi. The descriptive cross-sectional study was undertaken during October 2016-January 2017.

Homologous ELISA for measurement of medroxyprogesterone acetate in serum.

In order to develop ELISA for medroxyprogesterone acetate, medroxyprogesterone acetate-3-carboxymethyloxime (MPA-3-CMO) was coupled to bovine serum albumin (BSA) for immunogen preparation and to horseradish peroxidase (HRP) for enzyme conjugate preparation by N-hydroxysuccinimide mediated carbodiimide reaction. The immunogen was used to raise the antiserum in New Zealand white rabbit. The immunoreactivity of MPA-3-CMO-BSA-antibody and MPA-3-CMO-HRP enzyme conjugate was checked by checkerboard assay.