Successful Repeated Use of a Pathogen Adsorbing Biomimetic Device for the Adjunct Treatment of a SARS-CoV-2 Reinfection and Subsequent Infections with Different Multiresistant Bacteria.

Introduction: The Seraph 100 Microbind Affinity Filter is a biomimetic adsorbent device that can remove pathogens from the blood.

Case Presentation: Here, we report the successful use of the Seraph 100 to treat both a SARS-CoV-2 reinfection leading to severe COVID-19 pneumonia as well as subsequent secondary lung infections including Acinetobacter baumannii, Serratia marcescens, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa multidrug-resistant bacteria. To our knowledge, this 46-year-old black male is the first patient in which four treatments with this pathogen adsorber, one for a viral and three for different bacterial infections, have been successfully used.

Investigation and successful control of a outbreak at a tertiary health care facility in Kenya.

Objectives: This study aimed to conduct an epidemiological and genomic investigation of a hospital outbreak of , and implement measures for its control.

Methods: We collected demographic and clinical data from medical records of patients with from January 2017 to June 2019 after identifying increased cases in April 2019. Point-prevalence surveys for colonisation were conducted in the critical care units (CCU).

Children's surgery and the emergency, critical, and operative care resolution: immediate actions to eliminate disparities in surgical anesthesia and perioperative care for all children.

1.7 billion children lack access to surgical care worldwide. The emergency, critical, and operative care (ECO) resolution represents a call to action to reinvigorate the efforts to address these disparities.

GAPS phase II: development and pilot results of the global assessment in pediatric surgery, an evidence-based pediatric surgical capacity assessment tool for low-resource settings.

Purpose: Pediatric surgical care in low- and middle-income countries is often hindered by systemic gaps in healthcare resources, infrastructure, training, and organization. This study aims to develop and validate the Global Assessment of Pediatric Surgery (GAPS) to appraise pediatric surgical capacity and discriminate between levels of care across diverse healthcare settings.

Methods: The GAPS Version 1 was constructed through a synthesis of existing assessment tools and expert panel consultation.

Children's surgery and the emergency, critical, and operative care resolution: Immediate actions to eliminate disparities in surgery, anesthesia, and perioperative care for all children.

Around 1.7 billion children lack access to surgical care worldwide. To reinvigorate the efforts to address these disparities and support work to address global challenges in surgery, anesthesia, emergency, and critical care, the World Health Assembly passed World Health Organization Resolution World Health Assembly 76.

Women Anesthesiologists in Sub-Saharan Africa in the Pre-COVID Era: A Multinational Demographic Study.

Background: Gender imbalance and poor representation of women complicate the anesthesiology workforce crisis in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). This study was performed to obtain a better understanding of gender disparity among medical graduates and anesthesiologists in SSA.

Methods: Using a quantitative, participatory, insider research study, led by female anesthesiologists as the national coordinators in SSA, we collected data from academic or national health authorities and agencies.

Intestinal protozoa in returning travellers: a GeoSentinel analysis from 2007 to 2019.

Background: Prolonged diarrhoea is common amongst returning travellers and is often caused by intestinal protozoa. However, the epidemiology of travel-associated illness caused by protozoal pathogens is not well described.

Methods: We analysed records of returning international travellers with illness caused by Giardia duodenalis, Cryptosporidium spp.

Children's Anaesthesia and perioperative care challenges, and innovations.

The 2015 Sustainable Development Goals emphasise good health to all with reduced inequalities, and surgical and anaesthesia care is essential to achieve these. https://sdgs.un.

A Retrospective Five-Year Study of Cardiovascular Risk Assessment and Risk-Based Interventions Among Hypertensive Patients in Nairobi Hospital, Kenya.

Introduction Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a leading cause of global morbidity and mortality. It is projected that the prevalence of CVD will continue to rise in developing countries, largely driven by an increase in the prevalence of potentially modifiable risk factors. Atherosclerotic cardiovascular risk assessment among individuals with risk factors for CVD but without CVD is an inexpensive and viable strategy in CVD risk stratification and prevention.

Delivery of Safe Pediatric Anesthesia Care in the First 8000 days: Realities, Challenges, and Solutions in Low- and Middle-Income Countries.

Background: Worldwide, perioperative mortality has declined over the past 50 years, but the reduction is skewed toward high-income countries (HICs). Currently, pediatric perioperative mortality is much higher in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) compared to HICs, despite studied cohorts being predominantly low-risk. These disparities must be studied and addressed.

The Capnography Project.

Capnography is an essential tool used in the monitoring of patients during anesthesia and in critical care which, while required in most high-income countries, is unavailable in many low- and middle-income countries. Launched in 2020, the Smile Train-Lifebox Capnography Project aimed to find a "capnography solution" for resource-poor settings. The project was specifically interested in a capnography device that would meet the needs of the Smile Train partner hospitals to help monitor children requiring airway or cleft surgery.

Vitamin D Deficiency and Its Association With Cardiovascular Diseases Among Patients Attending a Private Tertiary Sector Cardiovascular Heart Clinic in Nairobi.

Background: Vitamin D deficiency is a common condition that affects approximately 30-50% of the worldwide population. Vitamin D deficiency is associated with an increased risk of cardiometabolic diseases and is considered a cardiovascular risk factor globally.  Methods: This is a retrospective cross-sectional study that aimed to identify the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and its associations with the cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk profile of patients presenting for cardiac evaluation at Primecare Heart Clinic, a private heart clinic in Nairobi, Kenya, between January 1, 2020 and January 31, 2022.

A Retrospective Study on the Adoption of Lipid Management Guidelines in Post-Myocardial Infarction Patients in a Tertiary Care Centre.

Background: Lipid management after acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is one of the important aspects of secondary prevention in the high cardiovascular (CV) risk group, and targeted reduction of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) remains the primary target for lipid therapy after myocardial infarction (MI).

Study Objective: To conduct a retrospective study of the adequacy of lipid management in post-MI patients admitted to a tertiary care centre as compared to the 2019 European Society of Cardiology (ESC) guidelines for the management of dyslipidaemia.

Methodology: The study was a retrospective review of medical records of patients admitted with MI under the Ubora Heart Service, Nairobi Hospital, from January 2020 to June 2022.

Academic global surgical competencies: A modified Delphi consensus study.

Academic global surgery is a rapidly growing field that aims to improve access to safe surgical care worldwide. However, no universally accepted competencies exist to inform this developing field. A consensus-based approach, with input from a diverse group of experts, is needed to identify essential competencies that will lead to standardization in this field.

Genetically confirmed chronic granulomatous disease in a Kenyan child: case report.

Introduction: We report the first case of genetically confirmed chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) in a Kenyan child.

Clinical Findings: A 7-month-old male infant, the only child of non-consanguineous parents, presented with cough, fever, fast breathing, oral thrush, and axillary lymphadenopathy ipsilateral to the Calmette-Guérin bacillus scar. He had been hospitalized 5 weeks prior for severe pneumonia.

Erectile dysfunction in hypertensive males in Kenya: a tertiary referral hospital experience.

Unlabelled: Erectile dysfunction (ED) in males can be organic or/and psychological.

Objective: To determine the burden of ED among adult hypertensive men attending ambulatory clinic at Kenyatta National Hospital, Nairobi, Kenya.

Methods: Descriptive cross-sectional study on patients on antihypertensive medications, followed for ≥ one month.

A Rare Case of an Asymmetric Overgrowth Syndrome in a Kenyan African Child: A Case Report and Review of Literature.

Body overgrowth may be generalized or may affect certain areas. We present a seven-year-old African male with progressive, asymmetric, postnatal overgrowth of the left side of his face and left upper limb. The impression of proteus syndrome (PS) was made based on established clinical diagnostic criteria presented in the literature.