Search of Reflectance Indices for Estimating Photosynthetic Activity of Wheat Plants Under Drought Stress.

Global climate change and the associated increasing impact of droughts on crops challenges researchers to rapidly assess plant health on a large scale. Photosynthetic activity is one of the key physiological parameters related to future crop yield. The present study focuses on the search for reflectance parameters for rapid screening of wheat genotypes with respect to photosynthetic activity under drought conditions.

Application of Supercritical CO Extraction and Identification of Polyphenolic Compounds in Three Species of Wild Rose from Kamchatka: , , and .

A comparative metabolomic study of three varieties of wild Rosa (, , and ) from a Kamchatka expedition (2024) was conducted via extraction with supercritical carbon dioxide modified with ethanol (EtOH), and detection of bioactive compounds was realized via tandem mass spectrometry. Several experimental conditions were investigated in the pressure range 50-350 bar, with the used volume of co-solvent ethanol in the amount of 2% in the liquid phase at a temperature in the range of 31-70 °C. The most effective extraction conditions are the following: pressure 200 Bar and temperature 55 °C for ; pressure 250 Bar and temperature 60 °C for ; pressure 200 Bar and temperature 60 °C for .

Modeling Floral Induction in the Narrow-Leafed Lupin Under Different Environmental Conditions.

Flowering is initiated in response to environmental cues, with the photoperiod and ambient temperature being the main ones. The regulatory pathways underlying floral transition are well studied in but remain largely unknown in legumes. Here, we first applied an in silico approach to infer the regulatory inputs of four -like genes of the narrow-leafed lupin .

Genome Studies in L. and L. Based on Repeatomic and Cytogenetic Data.

L. and L. are valuable and promising food crops for multi-purpose use that are distributed worldwide in temperate, subtropical, and tropical zones.

The potential of the amaranth collection maintained at VIR in the context of global plant breeding and utilization trends.

Amaranth is an ancient crop of the family Amaranthaceae, but it is fairly new to Russia. Its seeds and leaf biomass contain a high-quality gluten-free protein, fatty acids, squalene (a polyunsaturated hydrocarbon), flavonoids, vitamins, and minerals. A comprehensive study of amaranth, enhancement of its breeding, and development of new cultivars will contribute to food quality improvement through the use of plant raw materials enriched for wholesome and highly nutritious components.

CRISPR-Based Editing of the Gene.

gene is shown to have numerous diverse functions in plant development, including the regulation of embryo morphogenesis and maturation, hypocotyl elongation, flowering transition, etc. However, the functions of orthologs in different plant species have not been extensively studied. In this study, we obtained a line of , a model leguminous plant, carrying the loss-of-function mutation in the gene, orthologous to , using the Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats/CRISPR-associated proteins (CRISPR/Cas9) genome editing system.

Hybrid Origin of × (Poaceae) as Revealed by Analysis of the Internal Transcribed Spacer ITS1 and L Sequences.

× is a presumed hybrid of and . This article investigates the hybrid origin and genome composition of this species. These plants are sterile, do not undergo pollination, and do not produce seeds; occasionally, underdeveloped stamens containing abortive pollen grains form in individual spikelets.

Gradient Functionalization of Poly(lactic acid)-Based Materials with Polylysine for Spatially Controlled Cell Adhesion.

The development of biomaterials with gradient surface modification capable of spatially controlled cell adhesion and migration is of great importance for tissue engineering and regeneration. In this study, we proposed a method for the covalent modification of PLA-based materials with a cationic polypeptide (polylysine, PLys) via a thiol-ene click reaction carried out under a light gradient. With this aim, PLA-based films were fabricated and modified with 2-aminoethyl methacrylate (AEMA) as a double bond source.

Contrast Relative Humidity Response of Diverse Cowpea ( (L.) Walp.) Genotypes: Deep Study Using RNAseq Approach.

Cowpea ( (L.) Walp.) is appreciated for its suitability for cultivation and obtaining good yields in relatively extreme farming conditions.

A comparative study on germination of wheat grains with different anthocyanin pigmentation of the pericarp in natural or induced aging.

One of promising areas of wheat breeding is the creation of varieties with a high concentration of anthocyanins in the grain for the production of functional food products. Nonetheless, the question of how these compounds affect seed viability after long-term storage has remained unexplored. A comparative study on seed viability was conducted using a set of near-isogenic lines on the background of spring wheat variety Saratovskaya 29.

Metabolome and Mycobiome of Subspecies Differing in Susceptibility to Brown Rust and Powdery Mildew Are Diverse.

The present study demonstrated the differences in the seed metabolome and mycobiome of two Coss accessions with different resistance to brown rust and powdery mildew. We hypothesized that the seeds of resistant accession k-1958 ssp. can contain a larger number of metabolites with antifungal activity compared with the seeds of susceptible ssp k-340, which will determine differences in the seed fungal community.

Genetic Control of Effective Seedling Leaf Rust Resistance in Vis. Accessions from the VIR Collection.

Leaf rust (caused by Erikss., ) is a severe foliar disease of cultivated wheat worldwide. Severe development of the disease results in significant losses in seed yield and quality.

Evolutionary Fate of the Opine Synthesis Genes in the L. Genomes.

Naturally transgenic plants are plants that have undergone -mediated transformation under natural conditions without human involvement. Among L., Krapov.

Genome Variability in Artificial Allopolyploid Hybrids of L. and Balansa ex Coss. et Durieu Based on Marker Sequences of Satellite DNA and the ITS1-5.8S rDNA Region.

Artificial hybrids between cultivated species and wild that possess genes for resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses can be important for oat breeding. For the first time, a comprehensive study of genomes of artificial fertile hybrids × and their parental species was carried out based on the chromosome FISH mapping of satellite DNA sequences (satDNAs) and also analysis of intragenomic polymorphism in the 18S-ITS1-5.8S rDNA region, using NGS data.

Germination and Growth Characteristics of Knockout and Knockout Barley Lines under Salt Stress.

genes () and () play a regulatory role in cuticle organization. Because the cuticle is a key evolutionary acquisition of plants for protection against environmental factors, a knockout (KO) of each gene may alter their ability to adapt to unfavorable conditions. A potential pleiotropic effect of or gene mutations can be assessed under salt stress.

In silico search for and analysis of R gene variation in primitive cultivated potato species.

Pathogen recognition receptors encoded by R genes play a key role in plant protection. Nowadays, R genes are a basis for breeding many crops, including potato. Many potato R genes have been discovered and found suitable for breeding thanks to the studies of a wide variety of wild potato species.

Genetic Diversity for Effective Resistance in Wheat Landraces from Ethiopia and Eritrea to Fungal Diseases and Toxic Aluminum Ions.

To reveal genetic diversity for effective resistance to five foliar diseases and toxic aluminum ions, the entire collection of wheat species from the N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources (VIR) originating from Ethiopia and Eritrea were studied regarding their traits.

Mining of QTLs for Spring Bread Wheat Spike Productivity by Comparing Spring Wheat Cultivars Released in Different Decades of the Last Century.

Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) are among the genetic tools for the mining of genomic loci associated with useful agronomic traits. The study enabled us to find new genetic markers associated with grain yield as well as quality. The sample under study consisted of spring wheat cultivars developed in different decades of the last century.

Hybridization in the Subtribe Alopecurinae Dumort. (Poaceae) According to Molecular Phylogenetic Analysis: Different Ploidy Level Tells Different Origin of the Groups.

We performed next-generation sequencing of the 18S rDNA-ITS1-5.8S rDNA region along with traditional Sanger sequencing of L, K, F, and ITS1-5.8S rDNA-ITS2 to clarify the hybridization pattern in the subtribe Alopecurinae and in the genus in particular.

Influence of Weather Conditions in the Northwestern Russian Federation on Flax Fiber Characters According to the Results of a 30-Year Study.

Weather has significant impact on plant growth and development. It is important to analyze the influence of changing climate conditions on the expression of plant agronomic characters. Two flax varieties were grown from 1987 to 2018 in the Northwest of Russia.

Eco-Geographical and Botanical Patterns of Resistance to Lepidoptera Insects in L.

In the context of the widespread expansion of damage by herbivorous pests of crops, taking into account the requirements for minimizing pesticide pollution of the environment, it is important to have fundamental knowledge of the geographical features of the distribution of pests and about the botanical confinement of plant resistance in order to develop a strategy for creating new cultivars with complex resistance to insects. The relevance of our work is related to the study of the variability in the degree of resistance of the extensive genetic diversity of accessions to the main herbivorous pests of crops in contrasting ecological and geographical zones of the Russian Federation (Arctic, northwestern, and southern zones). We have studied the distribution and food preferences of Lepidoptera insects (diamondback moth and cabbage moth ) on a set of 100 accessions from the VIR collection (Chinese cabbage, pakchoi, wutacai, zicaitai, mizuna, and leaf and root turnips) in the field in three zones of the Russian Federation.

Newly Developed Restorer Lines of Sorghum [ (L.) Moench] Resistant to Greenbug.

Eight lines of grain sorghum [ (L.) Moench], which can be used as a promising source material in heterotic hybrid breeding as pollen fertility restorers and donors of resistance to the greenbug ( Rondani), are characterized. The new restorer lines (R-lines) were developed by crossing the maternal sterile line Nizkorosloe 81s (CMS A1) with two lines selected from the grain sorghum collection accessions VIR-928 and VIR-929 as the paternal forms.