Extracting International Classification of Diseases Codes from Clinical Documentation using Large Language Models.

Background: Large language models (LLMs) have shown promise in various professional fields, including medicine and law. However, their performance in highly specialized tasks, such as extracting ICD-10-CM codes from patient notes, remains underexplored.

Objective: The primary objective was to evaluate and compare the performance of ICD-10-CM code extraction by different LLMs with that of human coder.

Point-of-Care Ultrasound for Pediatric Vaginal Obstruction in the Emergency Department: A Case Series.

Point-of-care ultrasound can be an effective tool to facilitate the evaluation of abdominal and pelvic pain in children. We present a series of 3 pediatric patients with nonspecific abdominal and pelvic symptoms in whom point-of-care ultrasound expedited diagnosis, guided decision-making, prompted subspecialist consultation, and led to definitive management of vaginal obstruction.

Training Characteristics, Academic Accomplishments, and Motivation of Current Program Directors in Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation.

This study aimed to report the training characteristics, academic accomplishments, and motivation of current US academic physical medicine and rehabilitation program directors.A 22-question survey was developed and disseminated via email in May 2020 to 91 current residency program directors who are members of the Association of Academic Physiatrists Residency Fellowship Program Director Committee. Follow-up emails were sent 2 and 4 wks after initial distribution, and the survey was closed after 6 wks in June 2020.

Haematological Alterations Associated with Selected Vector-Borne Infections and Exposure in Dogs from Pereira, Risaralda, Colombia.

Infections due to Ehrlichia, Anaplasma, Dirofilaria, Mycoplasma, Babesia and Hepatozoon continue to be highly prevalent in dogs, especially in tropical and subtropical areas, where vectors of many of them are present. However, many clinical aspects of dogs have not been characterized in detail, including assessing the haematological alterations associated with them, particularly in Colombia and Latin America. A group of 100 dogs with Ehrlichia, Anaplasma, Dirofilaria, Mycoplasma, Babesia and Hepatozoon infections/exposure were assessed by blood smear serology (SNAP4DX) and PCR in Pereira, Colombia.

Exclusively endoscopic surgical resection of esthesioneuroblastoma: A systematic review.

Background: Historically sinonasal malignancies were always addressed via open craniofacial surgery for an oncologic resection. Increasingly esthesioneuroblastomas are excised using an exclusively endoscopic approach, however, the rarity of this disease limits the availability of long-term and large scale outcomes data.

Objective: The primary objective is to evaluate the treatment modalities used and the overall survival of patients with esthesioneuroblastoma managed with exclusively endoscopic surgery.

Endovascular ablation of the right greater splanchnic nerve in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction: early results of the REBALANCE-HF trial roll-in cohort.

Aims: In heart failure (HF) with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF), excessive redistribution of blood volume into the central circulation leads to elevations of intracardiac pressures with exercise limitations. Splanchnic ablation for volume management (SAVM) has been proposed as a therapeutic intervention. Here we present preliminary safety and efficacy data from the initial roll-in cohort of the REBALANCE-HF trial.

Seroprevalence canine survey for selected vector-borne pathogens and its relationship with poverty in metropolitan Pereira, Colombia, 2020.

Background: Tick-borne diseases (TBD) and dirofilariosis are currently not under surveillance in most Latin American countries. In addition, there is a significant lack of studies describing the current situation in most endemic areas, including Colombia. Therefore, seroprevalence studies are crucial for understanding the epidemiology of these vector-borne diseases.

Adaptability on Shifting Ground: a Rapid Qualitative Assessment of Multi-institutional Inpatient Surge Planning and Workforce Deployment During the COVID-19 Pandemic.

Background: During the initial wave of COVID-19 hospitalizations, care delivery and workforce adaptations were rapidly implemented. In response to subsequent surges of patients, institutions have deployed, modified, and/or discontinued their workforce plans.

Objective: Using rapid qualitative methods, we sought to explore hospitalists' experiences with workforce deployment, types of clinicians deployed, and challenges encountered with subsequent iterations of surge planning during the COVID-19 pandemic across a collaborative of hospital medicine groups.

Should we be concerned about Venezuelan hemorrhagic fever? - A reflection on its current situation in Venezuela and potential impact in Latin America amid the migration crisis.

Venezuelan Haemorrhagic Fever is an endemic zoonosis exhibiting a high lethality. Discovered decades ago, it is still causing seasonal hemorrhagic fever outbreaks. With the ongoing migration crisis, transmission and spreading to other countries in Latin America remains a latent threat that should be monitored, particularly in light of recent cases.

Training Characteristics, Academic Accomplishments, and Motivation of Current Chairs in Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation.

Objective: The aim of the study was to report the training characteristics, academic accomplishments, and motivation of current United States academic physical medicine and rehabilitation chairs.

Design: The authors developed a 23-question survey that was disseminated via e-mail to 86 current chairs who were members of the Chairs Council from the Association of Academic Physiatrists in May 2020. Follow-up e-mails were sent 2 and 4 wks after the initial distribution, and the survey closed after 6 wks in June 2020.

Human visceral leishmaniasis prevalence by different diagnostic methods in Latin America: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Visceral leishmaniasis is a neglected zoonotic disease that affects animals and humans in different tropical and subtropical regions and even beyond, with variable prevalence among infected hosts. To date, there have been no systematic reviews on human visceral leishmaniasis prevalence in Latin America. We therefore performed a systematic literature review with meta-analysis, using six databases to assess prevalence of visceral leishmaniasis in human patients in Latin American countries.

Bracing for the Wave: a Multi-Institutional Survey Analysis of Inpatient Workforce Adaptations in the First Phase of COVID-19.

Background: Medical centers across the country have had to rapidly adapt clinician staffing strategies to accommodate large influxes of patients with the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).

Objective: We sought to understand the adaptations and staffing strategies that US academic medical centers employed in the inpatient setting early in the spread of COVID-19, and to assess whether those changes were sustained during the first phase of the pandemic.

Design: Cross-sectional survey assessing organization-level, team-level, and clinician-level inpatient workforce adaptations.

Evaluation of Diversity and Inclusion Presence Among US Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Residency Program Websites.

The primary aim of this study was to evaluate the presence of diversity and inclusion promotion among US physical medicine and rehabilitation residency program Websites. A list of physical medicine and rehabilitation residency programs was obtained from the Fellowship and Residency Electronic Interactive Database. The program Website links were obtained from the Fellowship and Residency Electronic Interactive Database or Google.

After SARS-CoV-2, will H5N6 and other influenza viruses follow the pandemic path?

While the world is focused on attending, controlling, and mitigating the current pandemic of COVID-19, caused by the SARS-CoV-2, other viral threats are possibly emerging and reemerging especially in Asia, posing a risk for the spread in that region and beyond. A predictable threat is the avian influenza virus, especially H5N6, which has recently led to significant outbreaks in China and the Philippines, deserving more attention and control. In the current review, we assess the history of this highly pathogenic reemerging virus, as well as the contemporary implications of poultry outbreaks occurring in some Asian countries.

Bats in ecosystems and their Wide spectrum of viral infectious potential threats: SARS-CoV-2 and other emerging viruses.

Bats have populated earth for approximately 52 million years, serving as natural reservoirs for a variety of viruses through the course of evolution. Transmission of highly pathogenic viruses from bats has been suspected or linked to a spectrum of potential emerging infectious diseases in humans and animals worldwide. Examples of such viruses include Marburg, Ebolavirus, Nipah, Hendra, Influenza A, Dengue, Equine Encephalitis viruses, Lyssaviruses, Madariaga and Coronaviruses, involving the now pandemic Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2).

MERS-CoV and SARS-CoV infections in animals: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prevalence studies.

Introduction: Coronaviruses are zoonotic viruses that include human epidemic pathogens such as the Middle East Respiratory Syndrome virus (MERS-CoV), and the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome virus (SARS-CoV), among others (e.g., COVID-19, the recently emerging coronavirus disease).

Ethnic and Racial Diversity in Academic Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Compared with All Other Medical Specialties.

The primary aim of this study was to compare ethnic/racial diversity in academic physical medicine and rehabilitation (PM&R) with all other medical specialties in academia. The secondary aim was to characterize the ethnic/racial diversity of current PM&R program directors. Self-reported ethnicity/race information was collected from the Association of American Medical Colleges and Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education.

Endoscopic Skull Base Surgery Protocol From the Frontlines: Transnasal Surgery During the COVID-19 Pandemic.

Objective: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic disrupted the standard management paradigms for care of patients with sinus and skull base presentations due to concern for patient and health care provider safety, given the high aerosol-generating potential of endonasal procedures.

Data Sources: We reviewed the relevant literature complied from available sources, including PubMed, Google Scholar, and otolaryngology journals providing electronic manuscripts ahead of indexing or publication.

Review Methods: Incorporating available evidence and the projected infection control and resource limitations at our institution, we collectively authored a dynamic set of protocols guiding (1) case stratification, (2) preoperative assessment, (3) operative setup, and (4) postoperative care of patients with sinus or skull base presentations.

Donning a New Approach to the Practice of Gastroenterology: Perspectives From the COVID-19 Pandemic Epicenter.

The COVID-19 pandemic seemingly is peaking now in New York City and has triggered significant changes to the standard management of gastrointestinal diseases. Priorities such as minimizing viral transmission, preserving personal protective equipment, and freeing hospital beds have driven unconventional approaches to managing gastroenterology (GI) patients. Conversion of endoscopy units to COVID units and redeployment of GI fellows and faculty has profoundly changed the profile of most GI services.

Genomic Epidemiology and its importance in the study of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Not available.