Specific changes in amino acid profiles in monocytes of patients with breast, lung, colorectal and ovarian cancers.

Introduction: Immunometabolism is essential factor of tumor progression, and tumor-associated macrophages are characterized by substantial changes in their metabolic status. In this study for the first time, we applied targeted amino acid LC-MS/MS analysis to compare amino acid metabolism of circulating monocytes isolated from patients with breast, ovarian, lung, and colorectal cancer.

Methods: Monocyte metabolomics was analyzed by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry (LC-MS/ MS) analysis of amino acid extracts.

Anomalous diffusion, gigahertz, and terahertz spectroscopy of aliphatic ketones.

The experimental results of the complex dielectric permittivity of aliphatic ketones in dilute solutions of inert solvent cyclohexane in the gigahertz (GHz) and terahertz (THz) frequencies of the electromagnetic spectrum are examined in terms of the theory of inertial anomalous diffusion of polar molecules, considered as an assembly of molecules with interacting dipolar groups, in polar liquids. The theory is based on the generalization of the Debye rotational diffusion model of dielectric relaxation of polar molecules. The model comprises two interacting dipolar groups-one lighter and the other heavier; each has a finite moment of inertia and each experiences a finite friction with an extensive range of damping or drag coefficient and the dipole moment ratio of the two groups.

Deep Learning-Based Segmentation of Post-Mortem Human's Olfactory Bulb Structures in X-ray Phase-Contrast Tomography.

The human olfactory bulb (OB) has a laminar structure. The segregation of cell populations in the OB image poses a significant challenge because of indistinct boundaries of the layers. Standard 3D visualization tools usually have a low resolution and cannot provide the high accuracy required for morphometric analysis.

Lipid Alterations in Early-Stage High-Grade Serous Ovarian Cancer.

Epithelial ovarian cancer (OC) ranks first in the number of deaths among diseases of the female reproductive organs. Identification of OC at early stages is highly beneficial for the treatment but is highly challenging due to the asymptomatic or low-symptom disease development. In this study, lipid extracts of venous blood samples from 41 female volunteers, including 28 therapy-naive patients with histologically verified high-grade serous ovarian cancer at different stages (5 patients with I-II stages; 23 patients with III-IV stages) and 13 apparently healthy women of reproductive age, were profiled by high-performance liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS).

[The organization or personified treatment of diseases of coronary arteries considering analysis of bifurcation modifications].

The characteristics of development of vascular lines are important for development and improvement of of surgical treatment, decreasing risk of complications and development of personalized approach to treatment of patients. The purpose of the study is to reveal prevalence of different variants of development of common carotid artery bifurcation and to assess their significance for clinical medicine. The sample included 70 volunteers of average age 43.

Coupled physical and magnetodynamic rotational diffusion of a single-domain ferromagnetic nanoparticle suspended in a liquid.

A concise operator form of the Fokker-Planck equation agreeing with that proposed by Weizenecker [Phys. Med. Biol.

Anomalous diffusion of molecules with rotating polar groups: The joint role played by inertia and dipole coupling in microwave and far-infrared absorption.

Budó's generalization [A. Budó, J. Chem.

Radioprotectors.org: an open database of known and predicted radioprotectors.

The search for radioprotectors is an ambitious goal with many practical applications. Particularly, the improvement of human radioresistance for space is an important task, which comes into view with the recent successes in the space industry. Currently, all radioprotective drugs can be divided into two large groups differing in their effectiveness depending on the type of exposure.

Anomalous diffusion of a dipole interacting with its surroundings.

A fractional Fokker-Planck equation based on the continuous time random walk Ansatz is written via the Langevin equations for the dynamics of a dipole interacting with its surroundings, as represented by a cage of dipolar molecules. This equation is solved in the frequency domain using matrix continued fractions, thus yielding the linear dielectric response for extensive ranges of damping, dipole moment ratio, and cage-dipole inertia ratio, and hence the complex susceptibility. The latter comprises a low frequency band with width depending on the anomalous parameter and a far infrared (THz) band with a comb-like structure of peaks.

Cage model of polar fluids: Finite cage inertia generalization.

The itinerant oscillator model describing rotation of a dipole about a fixed axis inside a cage formed by its surrounding polar molecules is revisited in the context of modeling the dielectric relaxation of a polar fluid via the Langevin equation. The dynamical properties of the model are studied by averaging the Langevin equations describing the complex orientational dynamics of two bodies (molecule-cage) over their realizations in phase space so that the problem reduces to solving a system of three index linear differential-recurrence relations for the statistical moments. These are then solved in the frequency domain using matrix continued fractions.

Mutations in gonadotropin-releasing hormone signaling pathway in two nIHH patients with successful pregnancy outcomes.

Background: Anomalous levels of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) secretion result in a variety of reproductive phenotypes associated with infertility or subfertility. The normosmic isolated hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (nIHH) is due to a failure of either GnRH pulsatile secretion in hypothalamus or its reception in pituitary. The spectrum of nIHH-associated alterations continues to expand, especially when additional ethnic populations are investigated.

Autosomal Recessive Hypotrichosis with Woolly Hair Caused by a Mutation in the Keratin 25 Gene Expressed in Hair Follicles.

Hypotrichosis is an abnormal condition characterized by decreased hair density and various defects in hair structure and growth patterns. In particular, in woolly hair, hypotrichosis is characterized by a tightly curled structure and abnormal growth. In this study, we present a detailed comparative examination of individuals affected by autosomal-recessive hypotrichosis (ARH), which distinguishes two types of ARH.

Structural Insight into Specificity of Interactions between Nonconventional Three-finger Weak Toxin from Naja kaouthia (WTX) and Muscarinic Acetylcholine Receptors.

Weak toxin from Naja kaouthia (WTX) belongs to the group of nonconventional "three-finger" snake neurotoxins. It irreversibly inhibits nicotinic acetylcholine receptors and allosterically interacts with muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (mAChRs). Using site-directed mutagenesis, NMR spectroscopy, and computer modeling, we investigated the recombinant mutant WTX analogue (rWTX) which, compared with the native toxin, has an additional N-terminal methionine residue.

Neurotoxins from snake venoms and α-conotoxin ImI inhibit functionally active ionotropic γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptors.

Ionotropic receptors of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABAAR) regulate neuronal inhibition and are targeted by benzodiazepines and general anesthetics. We show that a fluorescent derivative of α-cobratoxin (α-Ctx), belonging to the family of three-finger toxins from snake venoms, specifically stained the α1β3γ2 receptor; and at 10 μm α-Ctx completely blocked GABA-induced currents in this receptor expressed in Xenopus oocytes (IC50 = 236 nm) and less potently inhibited α1β2γ2 ≈ α2β2γ2 > α5β2γ2 > α2β3γ2 and α1β3δ GABAARs. The α1β3γ2 receptor was also inhibited by some other three-finger toxins, long α-neurotoxin Ls III and nonconventional toxin WTX.

Novel oral anti-influenza drug candidate AV5080.

Objectives: Development of a novel drug candidate with improved potency against influenza virus neuraminidase compared with currently available therapeutics, and high activity against oseltamivir-resistant viruses.

Methods: A number of synthetic compounds were evaluated for antiviral properties in vitro and in vivo. Three-dimensional molecular docking, assisted by a pharmacophore model, was applied to classify compounds within the series by their inhibitory potency.