[Features of cognitive impairment in bipolar affective disorder].

The study of cognitive impairment in bipolar disorder (BD) combined with anxiety-phobic disorders, as the most common comorbid pathology, is a new, little-studied and relevant direction for further research on BD, promising for clarifying the neurobiological mechanisms of the disease and improving the quality of the diagnostic process. By searching for combinations of the keywords «bipolar disorder», «anxiety disorders», «cognitive impairment», «cognitive dysfunction», «meta-analysis» and «review» in the databases «PubMed» and «Google Scholar», meta-analyses, analytical, review and original relevant research articles were identified. A generalization of the information accumulated in the literature indicates a) the presence in BD of both phase-dependent and persistent cognitive impairments that also occur during the period of euthymia, b) different structure and severity of neurocognitive disorders in cases of «pure» BD and anxiety-phobic disorders, c) the unique structure of cognitive impairment in BD with comorbid anxiety-phobic disorders, which incorporates the features of neurocognitive impairments that are characteristic of both disorders and have the greatest severity compared to them.

Synthetic corticotropins and the GABA-receptor system: Direct and delayed effects.

The central effectors of the stress system are greatly interconnected and include, among others, a large group of peptides derived from proopiomelanocortin. In addition to natural corticotropins, a number of artificial molecules that contain some ACTH fragments in their structure are also referred to members of this family. Some of them possess a wide range of biological activity.

[Isolation of neurospheres and neural progenitor cells from the olfactory epithelium].

The olfactory epithelium (OE) is an accessible source of neural stem cells and progenitor cells. The objective of the study was to compare the effectiveness of various biopsy sites to isolate and propagate neural progenitor cells from the olfactory epithelium (OE). The authors assessed OE cell count in OE in different sites of the nasal cavity and showed the possibility of isolation neurospheres from nasal biopsies.

Efficacy and safety of Ginkgo biloba extract EGb 761 in mild cognitive impairment with neuropsychiatric symptoms: a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, multi-center trial.

Objective: The study was conducted to explore the effects of EGb 761 (Dr. Willmar Schwabe GmbH & Co. KG, Karlsruhe, Germany) on neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS) and cognition in patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI).

[Pain in diabetic neuropathy: psychosomatic aspects].

Diabetic neuropathy (DN) is one of the most common complications of diabetes mellitus (DM). Most clinical and population studies indicate that its prevailing form is distal symmetric, affecting about 30% of patients with diabetes. The main clinical manifestation of this form of DN is a decrease (up to a complete loss) of sensitivity, which is either not recognized by the patient or is perceived as numbness, loss of any sensations in the lower extremities.

On the intercorrelation of some frequency and amplitude parameters of the human EEG and its functional significance. Communication. I: Multidimensional neurodynamic organization of functional states of the brain during intellectual, perceptive and motor activity in normal subjects.

In 95 normal subjects, a separate evaluation of the amplitude and frequency parameters of EEG by period analysis made it possible to reveal, using factor analysis, four independent groups of parameters--the EEG factors, two of which being independent of the amplitude fluctuations. They were considered as integral EEG characteristics of qualitatively different neurophysiological processes. Decrease of Factor I values during mental activity (called 'general activation') reflected an intercorrelated desynchronization of the wave amplitudes in all the bands, a decrease of alpha-index (percentage presence in epoch) and regularity together with parallel increase of the indices and mean periods of delta- and theta-waves.