Safety of primary nasotracheal intubation in the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU).

Background: Nasal tracheal intubation (TI) represents a minority of all TI in the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU). The risks and benefits of nasal TI are not well quantified. As such, safety and descriptive data regarding this practice are warranted.

Pelvic Ring Fracture Management and Subsequent Pregnancy: A Summary of Current Literature.

Introduction: The incidence of pelvic ring injuries is 34.3% per 100,000 capita. No studies have determined the ability of a female patient to have a vaginal delivery after undergoing pelvic fracture fixation.

Does Extended Reality Simulation Improve Surgical/Procedural Learning and Patient Outcomes When Compared With Standard Training Methods?: A Systematic Review.

Introduction: The use of extended reality (XR) technologies, including virtual, augmented, and mixed reality, has increased within surgical and procedural training programs. Few studies have assessed experiential learning- and patient-based outcomes using XR compared with standard training methods.

Methods: As a working group for the Society for Simulation in Healthcare, we used Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines and a PICO strategy to perform a systematic review of 4238 articles to assess the effectiveness of XR technologies compared with standard training methods.

A Glimpse into Gynecologic Practice During the Islamic Golden Age.

The Islamic Golden Age was the time in history from eighth to fourteenth century. This era was marked by expansion of Islamic world to all the Middle East, North Africa, South and East Europe, and Central Asia. The Islamic world was the wealthiest region in the world at that time and that wealth was utilized to promote great flourishing in the arts, philosophy, science, and medicine.

Etiology and Ontogeny of Cerebral Palsy: Implications for Practice and Research.

Cerebral palsy (CP) has been recognized as a group of neurologic disorders with varying etiologies and ontogenies. While a percentage of CP cases arises during labor, the expanded use of electronic fetal monitoring (EFM) to include prevention of CP has resulted in decades of vastly increased interventions that have not significantly reduced the incidence of CP for infants born at term in the USA. Litigation alleging that poor obstetrical practice caused CP in most of these affected children has led to contentious arguments regarding the actual etiologies of this condition and often resulted in substantial monetary awards for plaintiffs.

DNA methylation episignature, extension of the clinical features, and comparative epigenomic profiling of Hao-Fountain syndrome caused by variants in USP7.

Purpose: Hao-Fountain syndrome (HAFOUS) is a neurodevelopmental disorder caused by pathogenic variants in USP7. HAFOUS is characterized by developmental delay, intellectual disability, speech delay, behavioral abnormalities, autism spectrum disorder, seizures, hypogonadism, and mild dysmorphic features. We investigated the phenotype of 18 participants with HAFOUS and performed DNA methylation (DNAm) analysis, aiming to generate a diagnostic biomarker.

Review of Thromboelastography (TEG): Medical and Surgical Applications.

Thromboelastography (TEG) is a laboratory assay utilized to evaluate hemostatic properties of blood, identify coagulopathy, and guide blood product administration. While the clinical use of TEG started in the care of surgical patients, the assay has now been incorporated more routinely in the care of the medical patient as well. In this review, we explore the evolution of TEG from the historical perspective of its inception to the current state of the art of the assay.

Effect of 3 different disinfection methods on the image quality of photostimulable phosphor plates.

Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the effects of 3 disinfection protocols on the quality of images acquired with a photostimulable phosphor (PSP) plate system.

Study Design: Thirty DIGORA Optime PSP plates were divided into 3 groups of 10. Group 1 was disinfected with 95% ethanol.

Effective Mentoring Across Differences-Best Practices and Effective Models to Address the Needs of Underrepresented Trainees in Surgical Residency Programs.

Background: Mentorship plays a critical role in the career development of surgical trainees and faculty. As the surgical workforce continues to diversify, mentoring trainees who differ) race, ethnicity, country of origin, socioeconomic status, educational background, religion, gender, sexual orientation or ability) can pose challenges to the experience for both mentor and mentee.

Objective: The aim of this manuscript is to introduce surgical educators to the systemic barriers faced by trainees and to models of effective mentorship.

Overreliance on BMI and Delayed Care for Patients With Higher BMI and Disordered Eating.

Diagnostic utility of weight and body mass index (BMI) is widely overestimated. Although both are clinically relevant, their use as universal measures of health and wellness can result in missed or incomplete diagnoses, which are neglected sources of iatrogenic harm. This article problematizes overreliance on weight and BMI in assessing disordered eating behaviors and suggests how physicians can prevent harmful delays in indicated interventions.

Examination of the Novel National Institutes of Health-Supported Relative Citation Ratio, a Measure of Research Productivity, Among Academic Plastic Surgeons.

Background: Considerable interest has been devoted to quantifying research productivity for the purposes of academic appointment and promotion in plastic surgery. A novel bibliometric, the relative citation ratio (RCR), integrates features unavailable in prior metrics, such as the h-index, including the ability to compare researchers in distinct fields. This investigation examines the RCR in relation to established measures of academic productivity and provides the benchmark data in plastic surgery.

Improving the interpretation of electronic fetal monitoring: the fetal reserve index.

Electronic fetal monitoring, particularly in the form of cardiotocography, forms the centerpiece of labor management. Initially successfully designed for stillbirth prevention, there was hope to also include prediction and prevention of fetal acidosis and its sequelae. With the routine use of electronic fetal monitoring, the cesarean delivery rate increased from <5% in the 1970s to >30% at present.

Assessing the Risk of Postoperative Complications for Proximal Humeral Fractures Treated by Open Reduction and Internal Fixation in Patients With Diabetes and Chronic Kidney Disease.

Background: The prevalence of diabetes mellitus (DM) and chronic kidney disease (CKD) has markedly risen over the past three decades. Patients with DM and CKD are at increased risk of infection, immune dysfunction, as well as bone and mineral disorders. Although we know that patients with DM and CKD have these risks, we do not know how these translate to proximal humeral fracture (PHF) healing.

Long-Acting Injectable Antipsychotics and Infections in Schizophrenia.

Purpose: Antipsychotics, particularly long-acting injectable (LAI) agents, are associated with decreased all-cause mortality. Antipsychotics are also associated with an increased prevalence of infections. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of the risk of infections in patients with schizophrenia treated with LAIs versus placebo.

Clinical and financial impact of sleep disordered breathing on heart failure admissions.

Background: The impact of sleep disordered breathing (SDB) on heart failure (HF) is increasingly recognized. However, limited data exist in support of quantification of the clinical and financial impact of SDB on HF hospitalizations.

Methods: A sleep-heart registry included all patients who underwent inpatient sleep testing during hospitalization for HF at a single cardiac center.

Postoperative Antibiotics Confer No Protective Association After Fat Grafting for Breast Reconstruction.

Introduction: Autologous fat grafting after breast reconstruction is a commonly used technique to address asymmetry and irregularities in breast contour. While many studies have attempted to optimize patient outcomes after fat grafting, a key postoperative protocol that lacks consensus is the optimal use of perioperative and postoperative antibiotics. Reports suggest that complication rates for fat grafting are low relative to rates after reconstruction and have been shown to not be correlated to antibiotic protocol.

Barriers to Mental Health Care Identified by Sexual and Gender Minority Individuals in Georgia and South Carolina.

Objective: Geographic location can affect access to appropriate, affirming mental health care for sexual and gender minority (SGM) individuals, especially for those living in rural settings. Minimal research has examined barriers to mental health care for SGM communities in the southeastern United States. The objective of this study was to identify and characterize perceived barriers to obtaining mental health care for SGM individuals living in an underserved geographic area.

Racial disparities in readmission rates following surgical treatment of pediatric developmental dysplasia of the hip.

Purpose: Across orthopedic subspecialties, significant racial disparities have been identified with regard to postoperative outcomes. Despite these findings among adult patients, the literature assessing these disparities within pediatric orthopedics is limited. The purpose of this study was to determine the independent predictors for unplanned readmission following surgical treatment of developmental dysplasia of the hip.

Longitudinal course of cognitive impairment in patients with atopic dermatitis.

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a common inflammatory skin disease. Cognitive dysfunction was recently demonstrated to be increased in adults and children with AD. However, little is known about the longitudinal course of cognitive impairment in AD and its relationship with pruritus.