The role of spreading depression in focal ischemia evaluated by diffusion mapping.

This study investigated the role of spontaneous and induced spreading depression (SD) on the evolution of focal ischemia in vivo. We induced focal ischemia in 12 rats using the middle cerebral artery suture occlusion (MCAO) method. Chemical stimulation of nonischemic ipsilateral cortex by potassium chloride application (KCl group; n = 7) and saline (NaCl group; n = 5) was performed at 15, 30, 45, and 60 minutes following MCAO, and SD was detected electrophysiologically.

Urinary cyclic AMP excretion is increased in Macaca fascicularis and Macaca mulatta compared to humans.

Changes in parathyroid hormone and its second messenger cyclic AMP have been implicated in the pathogenesis of osteoporosis. Nonhuman primate models have been useful in the study of osteoporosis, but the physiology of mineral metabolism in certain species is different than in humans. We investigated parameters of mineral metabolism in 15 normal adult female cynomolgus and 14 normal adult female rhesus monkeys.