[On the issue of determining notions "medical malpractice", "yatrogeny" and "defect of medical care": social legal aspects].

The article considers social legal aspects of concepts of "medical error", "iatrogenesis", "defect of medical care" in view of absence of their clear definition and understanding in public and professional communities. The usage of these concepts is distinguished by chronological continuity that is conditioned by influence of approaches existed at different stages. On the basis of analysis of scientific publications and normative legal base their genesis and peculiarities of definition are demonstrated.

[The new materials to scientific biography of V. D. Shervinsky].

The scientific biography of Vasily Dmitrievich Shervinsky, the classic of Russian therapy is described in a number of articles and monographs. However, uncovered materials and results of our studies require to specify certain aspects of his biography and his scientific school.

[On becoming of nephrology in the USSR: The role of Moscow therapists M. I. Vihert and E. M. Tareev].

The article considers stages of becoming of Soviet nephrology as independent scientific educational clinical discipline. The role of M. I.

[On clinical elites and their role in institutionalization of new national clinical disciplines (the second half of XX century)].

The development of national clinical medicine in Russia in XX century is related not only to evolution of scientific schools, but also to such historical phenomenon as clinical elites. In the article definition of therapeutic elites is proposed. The destiny of therapeutic elites and their role in institutionalization of national clinical disciplines is discussed.

[The certain issues of supporting non-barrierness of objects and services for not mobile citizen].

The article presents analysis of establishing conditions to adapt the environment and to remove barriers for not mobile citizen (the disabled with disorders of musculoskeletal system). In the process of analysis of possibilities to organize non-barrier environment for not mobile citizen the national and foreign normative legal acts, international conventions, materials of national and foreign experts, Internet sources were used. The analysis of current international regulation of non-barrier urban environment for not mobile citizen demonstrates gradual transition from medical concept of disability to social one.

[The regional aspects of social economic factors effect on morphophysiological status and somatic health of young women].

The analysis of various social, economic, and demographic factors demonstrates different degrees and directions of their impact on human body systems and human health in general. The examination of residents of several cities of Russia and neighboring countries provides an opportunity to assess strength and direction of relationship between socioeconomic factors and morphofunctional health. The comprehensive morphofunctional examination was applied to 722 young females aged 18.

[The analysis of state of system of training of first medical aid to professional contingents of the Ministry of Emergency Situations].

The article considers issues of training and motivation of first aid personnel whose duties are to provide it in accordance with Federal law. This category of personnel includes employees who received appropriate training, including military personnel and employees of State Fire Service, rescue units and rescue services staff. The results of analysis of training of emergency personnel in first aid demonstrates that level of first aid skills of these categories of personnel is different.

Role of anticoagulants in therapy and prevention of recurrent venous thromboembolism in patients with cancer: a meta-analysis of randomized trials with apixaban.

Background    Venous thromboembolic complications (VTEC) are a major non-oncological cause of death of patients with malignant neoplasm (MNP). This determines the high significance of antithrombotic therapy for the treatment and secondary prevention of VTEC in this population. During recent years, low-molecular weight heparins (LMWH) have been a "gold standard" for the treatment of cancer-associated venous thrombosis (CAVT).

[Expert opinion. Spironolactone: a new twist on an old story].

The article presents recent data on possibilities of a broader use of mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists for existing indications and of expanding indications for the use of this pharmaceutical group in the context of the novel coronavirus infection COVID-19. The authors discussed prospects for expanded detection of aldosteronism using a new diagnostic approach, including an additional evaluation of blood pressure response to spironolactone.

Mitral valve replacement and implantation of an extracardial mesh frame in patients with severe heart failure: results of a clinical study and a description of a clinical case 18 years after surgery.

Aim    Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCMP) is a major cause for severe heart failure. Development of a combination (drug and surgery) treatment of this disease is relevant. This prospective observational study was aimed at evaluating short- and long-term results of extracardiac mesh implantation in DCMP patients with heart failure resistant to the optimum drug therapy.

Effect of 24-hour blood pressure and heart rate on the prognosis of patients with reduced and midrange LVEF.

Aim    Optimal combination therapy for chronic heart failure (CHF) currently implies the mandatory use of at least four classes of drugs: renin-angiotensin-aldosterone (RAAS) system inhibitors or angiotensin receptor blocker neprilysin inhibitors (ARNI); beta-adrenoblockers (BAB); mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists; and sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors. Furthermore, many of these drugs are able to decrease blood pressure even to hypotension and alleviate tachycardia. This study focused on the relationship of 24-h blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR) with the prognosis for CHF patients with sinus rhythm and left ventricular ejection fraction (LV EF) <50 % as well as on suggesting possible variants of safe therapy for CHF depending on the combination of studied factors.

The ability of modern therapy to improve the prognosis of patients with HF: role of angiotensin neprilysin inhibitors and sodium-glucose cotransporter inhibitors.

Major principles for treatment of chronic heart failure with reduced left ventricular ejection fraction <40% (HFrEF) include a "triple neurohormonal blockade" as a main approach. However, in recent 6 years, two new classes of drugs for the treatment of HFrEF have appeared, which beneficially influence the prognosis. These drugs are angiotensin receptor neprilysin inhibitors (ARNI) and type 2 sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors.

[The factors of birth of second child in contemporary Russia: The analysis of sociological survey results].

The article considers the factors determining the orientation of Russians in relation to the birth of second child in single-child families. The analysis is based on the sociological survey data of the first wave of the All-Russian survey "The Demographic Well-being of Russia", carried out at the turn of 2019 - in the beginning of 2020 by the research team headed by Professor Rostovskaya T. K.

[Expert consensus regarding treatment of iron deficiency in stable and decompensated patients with heart failure].

In recent years there has been significant interest in treating iron deficiency (ID) in patients with heart failure (HF) due to its high prevalence and detrimental effects in this population. As stated in the 2020 Russain HF guidelines, Intravenous ferric carboxymaltose remains the only proven therapy for ID.This document was prompted by the results from the recent AFFIRM-AHF trial which demonstrates that treatment of ID after acute HF decompensation reduces the risk of future decompensations.

[Association of AGT, ACE, NOS3, TNF, MMP9, CYBA polymorphism with subclinical arterial wall changes].

Aim    Activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, decreased nitric oxide production, chronic inflammation, and oxidative stress result in subclinical changes in the arterial wall, which favor the development of cardiovascular diseases (CVD). The effect of allelic gene variants that encode the proteins participating in pathogenetic pathways of age-associated diseases with subclinical changes in the arterial wall [increased pulse wave velocity (PWV), increased intima-media thickness, endothelial dysfunction (ED), presence of atherosclerotic plaques (ASP)] are understudied. This study analyzed the relationship between AGT, ACE, NOS3 TNF, MMP9, and CYBA gene polymorphism and the presence of subclinical changes in the arterial wall, including the dependence on risk factors for CVD, in arbitrarily healthy people of various age.

Hydroxychloroquine in patients with novel coronavirus infection (COVID-19): a case-control study.

Actuality One of the most widely discussed treatments for patients with COVID-19, especially at the beginning of the epidemy, was the use of the antimalarial drug hydroxychloroquine (HCQ). The first small non-randomized trials showed the ability of HCQ and its combination with azithromycin to accelerate the elimination of the virus and ease the acute phase of the disease. Later, large, randomized trials did not confirm it (RECOVERY, SOLIDARITY).

Proactive anti-inflammatory therapy with colchicine in the treatment of advanced stages of new coronavirus infection. The first results of the COLORIT study.

Actuality The course of the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is unpredictable. It manifests in some cases as increasing inflammation to even the onset of a cytokine storm and irreversible progression of acute respiratory syndrome, which is associated with the risk of death in patients. Thus, proactive anti-inflammatory therapy remains an open serious question in patients with COVID-19 and pneumonia, who still have signs of inflammation on days 7-9 of the disease: elevated C-reactive protein (CRP)>60 mg/dL and at least two of the four clinical signs: fever >37.

[The use of diuretics in chronic heart failure. Position paper of the Russian Heart Failure Society].

The document focuses on key issues of diuretic therapy in CHF from the standpoint of current views on the pathogenesis of edema syndrome, its diagnosis, and characteristics of using diuretics in various clinical situations.

[How evaluate results of treatment in patients with COVID-19? Symptomatic Hospital and Outpatient Clinical Scale for COVID-19 (SHOCS-COVID)].

Aim Development of a novel scale for assessing medical state in patients with new coronavirus infection based on clinical and laboratory disease severity's markers, named SHOKS-COVID scale.Material and Methods Clinical Assessment Scale (SHOKS-COVID) is based on1: clinical parameters (respiratory rate, Body temperature, SpO2 need and type of ventilation support) 2: Inflammation markers (C reactive protein (CRP) and prothrombotic marker (D-dimer)) and 3: percent of lungs injury by CT. This scale was used in several clinical studies in patients with varying severity of the course of the COVID 19.

Results of Open-Label non-Randomized Comparative Clinical Trial: "BromhexIne and Spironolactone for CoronаvirUs Infection requiring hospiTalization (BISCUIT).

Introduction The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy and safety of a combination of bromhexine at a dose of 8 mg 4 times a day and spironolactone 50 mg per day in patients with mild and moderate COVID 19.Material and methods It was an open, prospective comparative non-randomized study. 103 patients were included (33 in the bromhexine and spironolactone group and 70 in the control group).

[On Soviet therapeutic elite: Miron Semenovich Vovsi, the head therapist of the Red Army - portrait without retouch].

The article is devoted to the biography and scientific contribution of Miron Semyonovich Vovsi, the eminent Soviet internist, organizer of army internal medicine. For the first time, the materials of his personal records from the Yuriev (Tartu) University and verified date of his birth are publicly introduced. Miron Semyonovich (Meer Simonovic) Vovsi was born on May 12 (24) 1897, in the township of Kreslavka (actually Kraslava, Latvia).

[The secular variability of physical development of the youth as risk factor of cardiovascular diseases].

The article discusses results of complex cross-sectional and anthropometric medical check up in the M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University in 2002-2003 and 2013.