Exploring the Potential of AI-Assisted Technology in Joint Range-of-Motion Measurements: A Reliability Study.

: Measuring joint range of motion (ROM) is essential for diagnosing and treating musculoskeletal diseases. However, most clinical measurements are conducted using conventional devices, and their reliability may significantly depend on the tester. This study implemented an RGB-D (red/green/blue-depth) sensor-based artificial intelligence (AI) device to measure joint ROM and compared its reliability with that of a universal goniometer (UG).

Multi-center experience with an off-the-shelf single retrograde thoracic branch endoprosthesis for acute aortic pathology.

Objective: The thoracic branch endoprosthesis (TBE) (W.L. Gore) offers an off-the-shelf single option for thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR) of aortic arch pathology with sealing in zones 0 to 2.

Differential vulnerability among cell types in the neurovascular unit: Description and mechanisms.

Currently, successful preclinical cerebroprotective agents fail to translate effectively into clinical practice suggesting the need for a comprehensive evaluation of all aspects of brain function. Selective vulnerability refers to the specific regional response of the brain following global ischemia, with observed patterns of vulnerability attributed to the distribution of neuronal subtypes and the functions of respective brain regions. Conversely, the concept of differential vulnerability pertains to the cell-type-specific reactions to cerebral ischemia, dictated by the biological characteristics of individual cells.

Racial/ethnic differences in risk factors for non-cardia gastric cancer: an analysis of the Multiethnic Cohort (MEC) Study.

Purpose: Gastric cancer (GC) incidence rates show notable differences by racial/ethnic groups in the US. We sought to determine whether stratification by race/ethnicity would reveal unique risk factors for development of non-cardia gastric cancer (NCGC) for US population.

Methods: Analysis included 1,112 incident cases of NCGC and 190,883 controls from the Multiethnic Cohort Study, a prospective US cohort study that recruited individuals living in Hawaii and California, aged 45-75 years from 5 races/ethnicities.

Impact of Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy Initiation Time, Kidney Injury, and Hypervolemia in Critically Ill Children.

Background: The mortality rate of pediatric patients who require continuous renal replacement therapy is approximately 42%, and outcomes vary considerably depending on underlying disease, illness severity, and time of dialysis initiation. Delay in the initiation of such therapy may increase mortality risk, prolong intensive care unit stay, and worsen clinical outcomes.

Local Problem: In the pediatric intensive care unit of an urban level I trauma children's hospital, continuous renal replacement therapy initiation times and factors associated with delays in therapy were unknown.

Prescription Drug Prices: An AAN Position Statement.

This position statement serves to establish the AAN's stance on the methods to address the cost of prescription drugs being considered by state and federal policymakers so that the AAN can continue to advocate effectively for its members. Neurologists seek to provide high-value care for patients with neurologic diseases at the lowest cost possible. However, many therapies for neurologic diseases are among the most expensive in the United States.

Validation of ChatGPT 3.5 as a Tool to Optimize Readability of Patient-facing Craniofacial Education Materials.

Background: To address patient health literacy, the American Medical Association recommends that readability of patient education materials should not exceed a sixth grade reading level; the National Institutes of Health recommend no greater than an eigth-grade reading level. However, patient-facing materials in plastic surgery often remain at an above-recommended average reading level. The purpose of this study was to evaluate ChatGPT 3.

Supply Issues in Nuclear Medicine.

Issues related to the distribution and availability of supplies and personnel in nuclear medicine are well known and episodic. The combination of COVID-related restrictions and the unprecedented growth of our specialty have acutely exacerbated these supply and demand mismatches.

Clinician Perspectives on Group Visits for Advance Care Planning Among Caregivers and Older Adult Patients With Heart Failure.

Background: Advance care planning (ACP) is critical for older adults with heart failure; however, patient-level and clinician-level barriers exist. Although a group visit (GV) approach to engage patients in ACP has proven effective among general geriatric populations, little is known about clinician perceptions/likelihood of referral.

Methods: Qualitative study to understand clinician perspectives on GVs for ACP among older adult patients with heart failure and caregivers.

Interest, Concerns, and Attitudes Among Men Who Have Sex With Men and Health Care Providers Toward Prophylactic Use of Doxycycline Against Chlamydia trachomatis Infections and Syphilis.

Background: Prophylactic administration of doxycycline is regarded as a potential new public health strategy to combat the rising rates of Chlamydia trachomatis infections and syphilis among men who have sex with men. We conducted a survey-based study to evaluate how community members and health care providers in Southern California would perceive doxycycline preexposure/postexposure prophylaxis (PrEP/PEP) to predict its acceptability and identify potential areas of concern.

Methods: We conducted an online cross-sectional survey among community members who identify as men who have sex with men and health care providers with prescribing authority in Southern California to investigate the current attitudes toward doxycycline PrEP/PEP, including their willingness to accept.

A Critical Assessment of the Linear No-Threshold Hypothesis: What Is the Evidence?

The Linear No-Threshold (LNT) hypothesis regarding low-level radiation is based on expert opinion. As more experts critically evaluate the absence of convincing evidence supporting the LNT hypothesis, the more likely we will recognize that LNT may create more risk than it mitigates.

Flavoured tobacco products and the public's health: lessons from the TPSAC menthol report.

The menthol report developed by the Tobacco Products Scientific Advisory Committee (TPSAC) of the Center for Tobacco Products elaborated a methodology for considering the public health impact of menthol in cigarettes that has relevance to flavourings generally. The TPSAC report was based on a conceptual framework on how menthol in cigarettes has public health impact results of evidence from related systematic reviews, and an evidence-based statistical model. In extending this approach to flavourings generally, consideration will need to be given to the existence of multiple flavourings, a very dynamic market place and regulatory interventions and industry activities.

The Challenges of Limiting Exposure to THS in Vulnerable Populations.

Research on active smoking and secondhand smoke exposure has led to policy changes to protect individuals from the adverse health impacts of tobacco smoke. Despite the extensive literature on tobacco, only recently has there been recognition that long-lived tobacco smoke components (known as "thirdhand smoke" or THS) in indoor environments where smoking has taken place may have adverse health consequences. This paper describes THS and addresses the challenges of limiting exposure to THS in vulnerable populations (e.

Relationship of highly sensitive C-reactive protein and lipid levels in adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus.

Background: Atherosclerosis appears to begin in youth with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). Highly sensitive C-reactive protein (hsCRP) is an independent marker of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk in adults, but its relation to dyslipidemia and other CVD risk factors in adolescents with T1DM is unknown.

Objective: To study the association between lipids and hsCRP in youth with T1DM.