European Resuscitation Council Guidelines 2021: Paediatric Life Support.

These European Resuscitation Council Paediatric Life Support (PLS) guidelines, are based on the 2020 International Consensus on Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Science with Treatment Recommendations. This section provides guidelines on the management of critically ill infants and children, before, during and after cardiac arrest.

High Variability of Molecular Isoforms of AMH in Follicular Fluid and Granulosa Cells From Human Small Antral Follicles.

Anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) is a member of the TGF-β superfamily produced by follicular granulosa cells (GCs) in women from late gestation to the end of reproductive life. AMH is thought to inhibit aromatase (i.e.

Consequences of -Thalassemia or Sickle Cell Disease for Ovarian Follicle Number and Morphology in Girls Who Had Ovarian Tissue Cryopreserved.

Women with -thalassemia (BT) and sickle cell disease (SCD) have a high risk of infertility and premature ovarian insufficiency. Different fertility preserving strategies, including ovarian tissue cryopreservation (OTC) and oocyte cryopreservation has been considered, and healthy babies have been born after successful OTC and transplantation. We evaluated follicle number and follicle health in ovarian tissue from a cohort of BT and SCD patients who underwent OTC before the age of 18 years.

Proteome of fluid from human ovarian small antral follicles reveals insights in folliculogenesis and oocyte maturation.

Study Question: Is it possible to identify by mass spectrometry a wider range of proteins and key proteins involved in folliculogenesis and oocyte growth and development by studying follicular fluid (FF) from human small antral follicles (hSAF)?

Summary Answer: The largest number of proteins currently reported in human FF was identified in this study analysing hSAF where several proteins showed a strong relationship with follicular developmental processes.

What Is Known Already: Protein composition of human ovarian FF constitutes the microenvironment for oocyte development. Previous proteomics studies have analysed fluids from pre-ovulatory follicles, where large numbers of plasma constituents are transferred through the follicular basal membrane.

N-acetylcysteine protects ovarian follicles from ischemia-reperfusion injury in xenotransplanted human ovarian tissue.

Study Question: Can antioxidant treatment with N-acetylcysteine (NAC) protect ovarian follicles from ischemia-reperfusion injury in xenotransplanted human ovarian tissue?

Summary Answer: Daily administration of NAC for 7-12 days post-transplantation reduced ischemia-reperfusion injury and increased follicle survival in human ovarian xenografts by upregulating the antioxidant defense system and exerting anti-inflammatory and antiapoptotic effects.

What Is Known Already: Freezing of human ovarian tissue is performed with high follicular survival rates but up to 70% of follicles appear to be lost due to hypoxia and ischemia-reperfusion injury during ovarian tissue transplantation (OTT). NAC has been demonstrated to possess antioxidant and antiapoptotic properties, and studies in rodents have shown that intraperitoneal administration of NAC reduces ischemia-reperfusion injury and increases follicle survival in autotransplanted murine ovaries.

Cross-Cancer Genome-Wide Association Study of Endometrial Cancer and Epithelial Ovarian Cancer Identifies Genetic Risk Regions Associated with Risk of Both Cancers.

Background: Accumulating evidence suggests a relationship between endometrial cancer and ovarian cancer. Independent genome-wide association studies (GWAS) for endometrial cancer and ovarian cancer have identified 16 and 27 risk regions, respectively, four of which overlap between the two cancers. We aimed to identify joint endometrial and ovarian cancer risk loci by performing a meta-analysis of GWAS summary statistics from these two cancers.

Biological and Clinical Rationale for Androgen Priming in Ovarian Stimulation.

Androgen receptors are expressed by all stages of growing follicles, and follicular fluid androgen levels are positively correlated to granulosa cell androgen receptor and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) receptor expression. Thus, androgens may promote follicular growth, accumulation and/or responsiveness to gonadotropins. This is explored therapeutically in the concept of androgen priming, to improve the ovarian response to stimulation in assisted reproduction.

Self-reported immunity and opinions on vaccination of hospital personnel among paediatric healthcare workers in Denmark.

Background: Denmark has no general recommendations for vaccination of healthcare workers (HCWs). We explored the self-reported immunity to varicella, measles, mumps, and rubella, reasons for receiving the influenza vaccine or not, and opinions on vaccination of HCWs against varicella, MMR, pertussis, diphtheria, and influenza among staff from departments with a high risk of exposure to infectious agents.

Methods: From May 2019 to August 2019, a structured questionnaire was distributed to clinical and non-clinical HCWs at a tertiary and a general paediatric department in Denmark.

Exploring international differences in ovarian cancer treatment: a comparison of clinical practice guidelines and patterns of care.

Introduction: The International Cancer Benchmarking Partnership demonstrated international differences in ovarian cancer survival, particularly for women aged 65-74 with advanced disease. These findings suggest differences in treatment could be contributing to survival disparities.

Objective: To compare clinical practice guidelines and patterns of care across seven high-income countries.

Futures and fears in the freezer: Danish women's experiences with ovarian tissue cryopreservation and transplantation.

Research Question: Ovarian tissue cryopreservation (OTC) and subsequent re-transplantation is gaining ground as a valid technique to preserve fertility in patients facing imminent cancer treatment. This study explores patients' experiences with OTC and transplantation, including their reflections on long-term storage of tissue and the use of surplus tissue.

Design: Semi-structured qualitative interviews with 42 Danish women undergoing OTC between 2003 and 2018, 32 of whom had ovarian tissue transplanted.

Expression of the Insulin-like Growth Factor System in First- and Second-Trimester Human Embryonic and Fetal Gonads.

Context: Insulin-like growth factor (IGF) signaling is crucial for sex differentiation and development of Leydig and Sertoli cells in fetal mice testes. No such information is available for human embryonic and fetal testes and ovaries.

Objective: To investigate presence and activity of the IGF signaling system during human embryonic and fetal ovarian and testicular development.

Reproductive outcomes after in vitro fertilization treatment in a cohort of Danish women transplanted with cryopreserved ovarian tissue.

Objective: To evaluate ovarian stimulation regimens and reproductive outcomes in a cohort of women undergoing ovarian tissue cryopreservation (OTC) and ovarian tissue transplantation (OTT).

Design: Retrospective cohort study.

Setting: University hospital and fertility clinics.

Fertility preservation in boys: recent developments and new insights .

Background: Infertility is an important side effect of treatments used for cancer and other non-malignant conditions in males. This may be due to the loss of spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) and/or altered functionality of testicular somatic cells (e.g.

Inhibin A-A Promising Predictive Parameter for Determination of Final Oocyte Maturation in Ovarian Stimulation for IVF/ICSI.

The number of mature oocytes is a key factor in the success of Assisted Reproductive Techniques (ART). Exogenous gonadotropins are administered during ovarian stimulation in order to maximize the number of oocytes available for fertilization. During stimulation, monitoring is mandatory to evaluate individual response, to avoid treatment complications and assist in the determination of the optimal day for final oocyte maturation and oocyte retrieval.

Effect of whey protein supplementation on sperm quality and fertility in male mice.

Protein supplements are a billion-dollar industry and the intake of these supplements is increasing, especially among young men. However, little is known about whether consumption of these products affects the reproductive health. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of whey protein supplementation on the sperm quality and reproductive health of male mice.

Magnesium sulphate for fetal neuroprotection at imminent risk for preterm delivery: a systematic review with meta-analysis and trial sequential analysis.

Background: Ordinary meta-analyses indicate that magnesium sulphate (MgSO ) treatment in women at imminent risk for preterm delivery decreases the offspring's risk of cerebral palsy (CP). However, repetitive testing of cumulative data calls for statistical caution, e.g.

Antenatal magnesium sulphate for the prevention of cerebral palsy in infants born preterm: a double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled, multi-centre trial.

Objective: To study the effect of antenatal magnesium sulphate (MgSO ) on cerebral palsy (CP) in a manner that also provides adequate power for a linked trial sequential analysis.

Design: Double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled, multi-centre trial.

Setting: Fourteen Danish obstetric departments.

Effect of sphingosine-1-phosphate on activation of dormant follicles in murine and human ovarian tissue.

In vitro activation of resting ovarian follicles, with the use of mechanical stress and/or pharmacological compounds, is an emerging and novel approach for infertility treatment. The aim of this study was to assess the sphingolipid, sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), as a potential in vitro activation agent in murine and human ovarian tissues and isolated follicles. Juvenile murine ovaries and donated human ovarian tissues, from 10 women undergoing ovarian tissue cryopreservation for fertility preservation, were incubated with or without 12 μM S1P for 3 h for quantitative PCR analysis, and 12 h for xenotransplantation or culture studies.

Pharmacokinetics of an intravenous bolus dose of clonidine in children undergoing surgery.

Background: Clonidine is used off-label in children but only limited pediatric pharmacokinetic data are available for intravenously administered clonidine.

Objectives: To determine pharmacokinetic parameter estimates of clonidine in healthy children undergoing surgery and to investigate age-related differences. Furthermore, to investigate possible pharmacokinetic differences of clonidine between this group of children and a cohort with cardiac diseases.

Experiences of participation in supervised group exercise among pregnant women with depression or low psychological well-being: A qualitative descriptive study.

Objective: To explore experiences with supervised group exercise during pregnancy in women with depression or low psychological well-being.

Design: A qualitative descriptive study based on semi-structured, individual, in-depth interviews analyzed by means of thematic analysis.

Setting: The Department of Obstetrics, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Denmark.

The precise ovarian volume is significantly associated with serum concentrations of antimüllerian hormone, the luteinizing hormone/follicle-stimulating hormone ratio, and total testosterone.

Objective: To evaluate potential associations between concentrations of antimüllerian hormone (AMH) and T as well as the LH/FSH ratio and the unbiased precise ovarian volume obtained after unilateral ovariectomy.

Design: Cohort study.

Setting: University hospital.

Improving the maturation rate of human oocytes collected ex vivo during the cryopreservation of ovarian tissue.

Purpose: The aim of the present study was to improve the in vitro maturation (IVM) procedure using oocytes from surplus ovarian tissue after fertility preservation.

Methods: Twenty-five patients aged 17-37 years were included in the study. Maturation was compared between oocytes collected in HEPES-buffered medium or saline, and we determined whether transport on ice prior to oocyte collection affected maturation.