Mechanical Circulatory Support for Massive Pulmonary Embolism.

Up to 50% of patients with pulmonary embolism (PE) experience hemodynamic instability and approximately 70% of patients who die of PE experience an accelerated cascade of symptoms within the first hours of onset of symptoms, thus necessitating rapid evaluation and intervention. Venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation and other ventricular assist devices, depending on the hemodynamic derangements present, may be used to stabilize patients with massive PE refractory to initial therapies or with contraindications to other interventions. Given the abnormalities in both pulmonary circulation and gas exchange caused by massive PE, venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation may be considered the preferred form of mechanical circulatory support for most patients.

Leaving the Patella Unresurfaced Does Not Increase the Risk of Short-Term Revision Following Total Knee Arthroplasty: An Analysis from the American Joint Replacement Registry.

The benefit of patellar resurfacing in total knee arthroplasty (TKA) remains uncertain, with conflicting evidence regarding associated revision rates and clinical outcomes. Although initial studies have reported higher revision rates associated with unresurfaced patellae, recent evidence questions the necessity of routine patellar resurfacing. This study aimed to evaluate the risk of revision following TKA performed with and without patellar resurfacing using data from the American Joint Replacement Registry (AJRR).

Editorial Commentary: Arthroscopic Bone Grafting Using Suspensory Fixation for Anterior Glenohumeral Fixation With Bone Loss May Supersede the Latarjet Procedure Using Coracoid Transfer.

The Latarjet procedure, including coracoid transfer, is indicated for anterior glenohumeral instability and significant bone loss. However, even in experienced hands, the Latarjet procedure is associated with potential complications including neurovascular injury, graft resorption leading to painful or broken hardware and secondary subscapularis damage, prominent hardware, and graft nonunion. An adjustable suture button technique may minimize hardware complications and show low rates of nonunion and resorption.

Evaluating Ovarian Cancer Chemotherapy Response Using Gene Expression Data and Machine Learning.

Background: Ovarian cancer (OC) is the most lethal gynecological cancer in the United States. Among the different types of OC, serous ovarian cancer (SOC) stands out as the most prevalent. Transcriptomics techniques generate extensive gene expression data, yet only a few of these genes are relevant to clinical diagnosis.

Alpha-Synuclein Aggregation Mechanism in the Presence of Nanomaterials.

Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by the toxic oligomeric and fibrillar phases formed by monomeric alpha-synuclein (α-syn). Certain nanoparticles have been demonstrated to promote protein aggregation, while other nanomaterials have been found to prevent the process. In the current work, we use nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy in conjunction with isothermal titration calorimetry to investigate the cause and mechanism of these opposing effects at the amino acid protein level.

Silica mitigated calcium mineral scaling in brackish water reverse osmosis.

Although the autopsies of reverse osmosis (RO) membranes from full-scale, brackish water desalination plants identify the co-presence of silica and Ca-based minerals in scaling layers, minimal research exists on their formation process and mechanisms. Therefore, combined scaling by silica and either gypsum (non-alkaline) or amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP, alkaline) was investigated in this study for their distinctive impacts on membrane performance. The obtained results demonstrate that the coexistence of silica and Ca-based mineral salts in feedwaters significantly reduced water flux decline as compared to single type of Ca-based mineral salts.

Multiple sclerosis and ulcerative colitis: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Comorbidity is a current area of interest in multiple sclerosis (MS) and is essential for multidisciplinary management. Although recent studies suggest that patients with MS have an elevated risk of developing inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), this systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to estimate the overall risk of developing ulcerative colitis (UC), specifically in patients with MS.

Methods: In 2021, a comprehensive literature search was performed on PubMed, Scopus, Embase, and Web of Science to identify studies investigating the association between UC and MS.

Asian Americans in STEM are not a monolith.

Despite tremendous diversity, Asian Americans in STEM are grouped and viewed as a homogeneous monolith, facing stereotypes and disparities. We propose solutions that include disaggregating the Asian American grouping and recognizing the diverse individual ethnic subgroups that comprise Americans of Asian ancestry to implement change within the STEM field.

Ambient particulate matter (PM) exposure contributes to neurodegeneration through the microbiome-gut-brain axis: Therapeutic role of melatonin.

Exposure to ambient particulate matter (PM) has been shown to disturb the gut microbiome homeostasis and cause initiation of neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration via gut-brain bi-directional axis. Polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), which are carcinogenic and mutagenic, are important organic constituents of PM that could be involved in the microbiome-gut-brain axis-mediated neurodegeneration. Melatonin (ML) has been shown to modulate the microbiome and curb inflammation in the gut and brain.

Area-specific covid-19 effects on health services utilization in the Democratic Republic of the Congo using routine health information system data.

Background: Since March 2020, the COVID-19 pandemic has shocked health systems worldwide. This analysis investigated the effects of the pandemic on basic health services utilization in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) and examined the variability of COVID effects in the capital city Kinshasa, in other urban areas, and in rural areas.

Methods: We estimated time trends models using national health information system data to replicate pre-COVID-19 (i.

IMI-Management and Investigation of High Myopia in Infants and Young Children.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the epidemiology, etiology, clinical assessment, investigation, management, and visual consequences of high myopia (≤-6 diopters [D]) in infants and young children.

Findings: High myopia is rare in pre-school children with a prevalence less than 1%. The etiology of myopia in such children is different than in older children, with a high rate of secondary myopia associated with prematurity or genetic causes.

Emerging Predictors of Obstructed Labour in a Single Nigerian Centre Population of a Low Resource Setting.

Background And Objective: Despite the stigma attached to obstructed labour in Nigeria, it has remained largely uninvestigated. Study determined the prevalence, emerging predictors, management modalities and complications of obstructed labour, compare them with cases without obstructed labour who delivered within the same period.

Materials And Methods: A retrospective study and case-controlled analysis of obstructed labour managed at Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital, Nnewi, South-East, Nigeria were undertaken.

Prevalence and correlates of stocking up on drugs during the COVID-19 pandemic: Data from the C3PNO Consortium.

Background: Data from the COVID-19 pandemic describes increases in drug use and related harms, especially fatal overdose. However, evidence is needed to better understand the pathways from pandemic-related factors to substance use behaviours. Thus, we investigated stockpiling drugs among people who use drugs (PWUD) in five cities in the United States and Canada.

Immediate and delayed complications of inferior vena cava filters.

Objective: Inferior vena cava (IVC) filter placement has increased dramatically in the past two decades. However, literature supporting the efficacy of these devices has been limited and controversial. In the present study, we have evaluated the predictors and rates of technical complications after IVC filter insertion in a large national database.

aEYE: A deep learning system for video nystagmus detection.

Background: Nystagmus identification and interpretation is challenging for non-experts who lack specific training in neuro-ophthalmology or neuro-otology. This challenge is magnified when the task is performed telemedicine. Deep learning models have not been heavily studied in video-based eye movement detection.

Effects of water matrix on the rejection of neutral pharmaceutically active compound by thin-film composite nanofiltration and reverse osmosis membranes.

Thin-film composite (TFC) nanofiltration (NF) and reverse osmosis (RO) membranes have been widely used to remove pharmaceutically active compounds (PhACs) from water and wastewater. However, limited information is available to present the rejection of neutral PhACs under complex water matrices. In this study, we used acetaminophen (AAP) as a representative neutral pollutant to study the effects of feedwater matrices on the rejection of neutral PhACs by NF and RO membranes.

Social determinants of health and obesity: Findings from a national study of US adults.

Objective: This study examined the association between social determinants of health (SDOH) burden and overweight/obesity in a nationally representative sample of adults in the United States.

Methods: Data for 161,795 adults aged ≥18 years from the 2013 to 2017 National Health Interview Survey were used. A total of 38 SDOH were aggregated to create a cumulative SDOH score, which was divided into quartiles (Q1-Q4) to denote levels of SDOH burden.

Refractory fluorescent dissolved organic matter in conventional and membrane-based drinking water treatment processes.

Fluorescent dissolved organic matter (fDOM) has been generally considered a refractory DOM component for drinking water treatment. However, this judgement is made without clear understandings on the removal behaviors of individual fDOM fractions. Therefore, the removals of high, medium and low molecular weight (MW), as well as hydrophobic fDOM fractions in a natural surface water were determined in this study for selected bench- and full-scale water treatment processes.