Associations of Homocysteine with B Vitamins and Zinc in Serum Levels of Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Cross-Sectional Study.

The association of homocysteine metabolism-related nutrients along with renal function to homocysteine levels is not well known in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). We investigated the relevance of kidney function, albuminuria, and nutritional factors to serum homocysteine in T2DM patients. This cross-sectional study enrolled 149 T2DM patients (96 men and 53 postmenopausal women), and patient characteristics and laboratory data including kidney-related data [glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), urinary albumin excretion (UACR), uric acid] and metabolism parameters (hemoglobin A1c and lipids) were collected from the medical record and serum levels of vitamin B12, folic acid, zinc, homocysteine and UACR were also acquired.

Clinical Significance of Intermediate-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Determination as a Predictor for Coronary Heart Disease Risk in Middle-Aged Men.

Not only low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol but also non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (non-HDL-C), very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) cholesterol (VLDL-C), and intermediate-density lipoprotein (IDL) cholesterol (IDL-C) are reported to be significant risk markers for coronary heart disease (CHD). We reported the relevance of IDL-C to Framingham risk score (F-score), but the present study addressed the relevance of IDL-C to Suita score (S-score), a risk score for coronary heart disease (CHD) developed for the Japanese individuals in addition to F-score. The cholesterol levels of lipoproteins, including triglyceride (TG)-rich lipoproteins (IDL and VLDL), were measured by an anion exchange high-performance liquid chromatography (AEX-HPLC).

Oncology care providers' awareness and practice related to physical activity promotion for breast cancer survivors and barriers and facilitators to such promotion: a nationwide cross-sectional web-based survey.

Purpose: A known barrier to getting breast cancer survivors (BCSs) to engage in habitual exercise is a lack of information on recommended physical activity levels provided to them by oncology care providers (OCPs). However, the actual situation in Japan remains unclear. This study sought to clarify OCPs' awareness and practice related to Japan's physical activity recommendation for BCSs and to ascertain barriers to routine information provision.

Smoking History Predicts High Presence of TILs and Efficacy of PD-1 Blockade in PD-L1 Expression-negative Non-small Cell Lung Cancer Patients.

Background/aim: Programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression on tumor cells is a predictive biomarker of programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) blockade therapy. This study sought to clarify predictors of the efficacy of nivolumab in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients with PD-L1 expression-negative tumors.

Patients And Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the records of advanced NSCLC patients between January 2016 and April 2019, and investigated the predictive marker of nivolumab including the status of CD8 tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs).

Perilla Oil and for Alleviating Fear of Cancer Recurrence in Breast Cancer Survivors: Study Protocol for a Three-Arm Phase II Randomized Controlled Study (POB Study).

The fear of cancer recurrence (FCR) is the most common and most severe unmet need among cancer survivors. Safe treatments for the FCR that are easily disseminated are greatly needed. Our primary aim is a preliminary evaluation of the efficacy and effect size of perilla oil, which is rich in omega-3 fatty acids, and , a probiotic, on FCR in breast cancer survivors after the completion of chemotherapy.

Dietary glycemic index, glycemic load, and endometrial cancer risk: The Japan Public Health Center-based Prospective Study.

Evidence supporting the association of glycemic index (GI) and glycemic load (GL) with the risk of endometrial cancer is controversial and reports from Asia were limited. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the association in Japanese women. We evaluated 52 460 women in the Japan Public Health Center-based Prospective Study aged 45-74 years who responded to the 5-year follow-up survey.

A first-in-human study of C-MTP38, a novel PET ligand for phosphodiesterase 7.

Purpose: Phosphodiesterase 7 (PDE7) is an enzyme that selectively hydrolyses cyclic adenosine monophosphate, and its dysfunction is implicated in neuropsychiatric diseases. However, in vivo visualization of PDE7 in human brains has hitherto not been possible. Using the novel PET ligand C-MTP38, which we recently developed, we aimed to image and quantify PDE7 in living human brains.

Impact of peritraumatic distress on posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms at 6 months after acute coronary syndrome: a prospective cohort study.

: Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms are known to occur after acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Peritraumatic distress has been indicated as a risk factor for PTSD and can be measured by the Peritraumatic Distress Inventory (PDI). However, no studies have yet measured peritraumatic distress after ACS using the PDI to predict PTSD.

High-Contrast In Vivo Imaging of Tau Pathologies in Alzheimer's and Non-Alzheimer's Disease Tauopathies.

A panel of radiochemicals has enabled in vivo positron emission tomography (PET) of tau pathologies in Alzheimer's disease (AD), although sensitive detection of frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) tau inclusions has been unsuccessful. Here, we generated an imaging probe, PM-PBB3, for capturing diverse tau deposits. In vitro assays demonstrated the reactivity of this compound with tau pathologies in AD and FTLD.

Neoadjuvant chemotherapy promotes the expression of HER3 in patients with ovarian cancer.

HER3 (erbB3) signaling serves an important role in the development and chemoresistance of ovarian cancer, and is activated by chemotherapy. To evaluate the influence of neoadjuvant chemotherapy and other clinical factors on the expression of HER3, as well as to examine its role as a prognostic marker, the present study evaluated archived tissues from patients who underwent surgery for ovarian cancer between 2011 and 2018 at our hospital. Immunohistochemical staining for HER3 was performed using formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded surgical specimens and biopsy samples.

The utility of transbronchial rebiopsy for peripheral pulmonary lesions in patients with advanced non-squamous non-small cell lung cancer.

Background: Patients treated for non-squamous (non-Sq) non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) often require repeat biopsies to determine the optimal subsequent treatment. However, the differences between rebiopsy and initial biopsy in terms of their diagnostic yields and their ability to test the molecular profiles using bronchoscopy with radial endobronchial ultrasound guidance in patients with advanced NSCLC remain unclear. Hence, we aimed to compare the diagnostic yields and ability for molecular analyses of rebiopsies with those of initial biopsies.

Radial incision and cutting for dilation before endoscopic submucosal dissection in patients with esophageal cancer on the distal side of severe benign esophageal strictures.

We investigated the efficacy and safety of radial incision and cutting as a novel dilation method for strictures just before endoscopic submucosal dissection in patients with metachronous esophageal cancer localized on the distal side of strictures and determined the optimal dilation method. Consecutive patients who underwent endoscopic submucosal dissection for superficial esophageal squamous cell carcinomas localized on the distal side of severe strictures were investigated retrospectively and assigned to a radial incision and cutting (19 patients; 23 lesions) or an endoscopic balloon dilation (20 patients; 20 lesions) group. We evaluated the passage success rates of cap-wearing endoscopes with diameters ≥8.

Association between dietary sugar intake and colorectal adenoma among cancer screening examinees in Japan.

Although intake of highly sugary foods is considered to be a potential risk factor for colorectal cancer through hyperinsulinemia, the association of sugar intake and colorectal adenoma, a precursor lesion to most colorectal cancer, is poorly understood, particularly in Asian populations. We undertook a cross-sectional study in a Japanese population to investigate the association between dietary sugar intake and the prevalence of colorectal adenoma. Study subjects were selected from participants who underwent magnifying colonoscopy with dye spraying as part of a cancer screening program and who responded to a self-administered questionnaire before the colonoscopy.

Number of metastatic organs negatively affects the treatment sequence in patients with EGFR-TKI failure.

Background: Several studies have previously demonstrated the survival benefit of both EGFR-TKI treatment and chemotherapy in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) harboring EGFR mutations. The aim of the present study was to clarify the factors influencing the treatment sequence after failure of EGFR-TKI therapy, focusing on the number of organs with metastasis (hereafter, metastatic organs).

Methods: Between January 2010 and December 2016, consecutive patients with EGFR-mutated NSCLC who were started on first-line EGFR-TKI were reviewed.

Study protocol for a nationwide questionnaire survey of physical activity among breast cancer survivors in Japan.

Introduction: A major concern is that few cancer survivors meet the guidelines for recommended levels of physical activity. No studies have investigated physical activity among breast cancer survivors nationwide in Japan. Therefore, the aims of this study are to identify the levels of physical activity among breast cancer survivors, to examine factors-related physical activity among breast cancer survivors and to identify breast cancer survivors' preferences for and interest in exercise programmes in order to inform the future programme development.

Probability of major depression diagnostic classification based on the SCID, CIDI and MINI diagnostic interviews controlling for Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale - Depression subscale scores: An individual participant data meta-analysis of 73 primary studies.

Objective: Two previous individual participant data meta-analyses (IPDMAs) found that different diagnostic interviews classify different proportions of people as having major depression overall or by symptom levels. We compared the odds of major depression classification across diagnostic interviews among studies that administered the Depression subscale of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS-D).

Methods: Data accrued for an IPDMA on HADS-D diagnostic accuracy were analysed.

Therapeutic preferability of gemcitabine for ARID1A-deficient ovarian clear cell carcinoma.

Objective: Ovarian clear cell carcinoma (OCCC) is often resistant to conventional, standard chemotherapy using cytotoxic drugs. OCCC harbors a unique genomic feature of frequent (approximately 50%) ARID1A deficiency. The present study was performed to investigate standard chemotherapeutic options suitable for ARID1A-deficient OCCC patients.

A new method for measuring cholesterol efflux capacity uses stable isotope-labeled, not radioactive-labeled, cholesterol.

The incidence of cardiovascular events correlates inversely with cholesterol efflux capacity (CEC) more than with HDL-cholesterol level. The measurement of CEC is used to qualify cardiovascular disease risk and is conventionally performed with radioisotope (RI)-labeled cholesterol. Here, we established a CEC measurement technique using stable isotope-labeled cholesterol as an alternative, and we compared the new method with RI and fluorescence (boron dipyrromethene difluoride-cholesterol) methods in cells and in patient serum.

Effect of home-based high-intensity interval training and behavioural modification using information and communication technology on cardiorespiratory fitness and exercise habits among sedentary breast cancer survivors: habit-B study protocol for a randomised controlled trial.

Introduction: Maintaining high levels of physical activity helps to maintain and improve physical health and quality of life, and plays a role in reducing adverse effects due to cancer treatments. Moreover, a greater degree of cardiorespiratory fitness is associated with reduced risk of all-cause mortality. However, there are no home-based programme for improving cardiorespiratory fitness using body weight exercises for breast cancer survivors.

Serum polyunsaturated fatty acids and risk of psychiatric disorder at 6 months after acute coronary syndrome: A prospective cohort study.

Cardiovascular disease is a known risk factor for the development of psychiatric disorder and about 20% of patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) develop depression. Our previous prospective study showed that serum linoleic acid (LA) level at baseline (admission) is a risk factor for the development of psychiatric disorder 3 months later. However, it was unclear whether serum LA could predict psychiatric disorders after 3 months.

Targeting the Vulnerability of Glutathione Metabolism in ARID1A-Deficient Cancers.

ARID1A encodes an SWI/SNF chromatin-remodeling factor and is frequently mutated in various cancers. This study demonstrates that ARID1A-deficient cancer cells are specifically vulnerable to inhibition of the antioxidant glutathione (GSH) and the glutamate-cysteine ligase synthetase catalytic subunit (GCLC), a rate-limiting enzyme for GSH synthesis. Inhibition of GCLC markedly decreased GSH in ARID1A-deficient cancer cells, leading to apoptotic cell death triggered by excessive amounts of reactive oxygen species.

Effect of Angiotensin II on Matrix Metalloproteinase-2 Secretion in Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells.

Matrix metalloproteinase (MMP), which is secreted from vascular cells, is an enzyme-degrading extracellular matrix protein. MMP molecules, including MMP-2, are involved in the destabilization of atherosclerotic plaque and plaque rupture during the development of cardiovascular disease. Angiotensin II (Ang-II), a vascular stimulant associated with cardiovascular disease progression, has been demonstrated to be mainly involved in cardiovascular remodeling of atherosclerosis and cardiac hypertrophy.

Lower risk of progression from prediabetes to diabetes with health checkup with lifestyle education: Japan Ningen Dock study.

Background And Aims: To investigate whether the progression from prediabetes to diabetes is lower among those who undertake Ningen Dock (comprehensive health checkups with lifestyle education and doctor's consultation) than those who undertake basic mandatory occupational health checkups.

Methods And Results: Subjects aged 30-69 years with complete annual data from 2008 to 2012 for either Ningen Dock or basic health checkups were enrolled. Subjects with prediabetes (fasting plasma glucose 100-125 mg/dl or HbA1c 5.

Age and sex differences in serum adiponectin and its association with lipoprotein fractions.

Objective The correlation of adiponectin with cholesterol concentration of fractionated lipoproteins has not been well investigated. Methods This study included 174 subjects (79 men and 95 women) without diabetes. The medical record data were investigated retrospectively.