Augmenting intensive care unit nursing practice with generative AI: A formative study of diagnostic synergies using simulation-based clinical cases.

Background: As generative artificial intelligence (GenAI) tools continue advancing, rigorous evaluations are needed to understand their capabilities relative to experienced clinicians and nurses. The aim of this study was to objectively compare the diagnostic accuracy and response formats of ICU nurses versus various GenAI models, with a qualitative interpretation of the quantitative results.

Methods: This formative study utilized four written clinical scenarios representative of real ICU patient cases to simulate diagnostic challenges.

Evaluating GenAI systems to combat mental health issues in healthcare workers: An integrative literature review.

Background: Mental health issues among healthcare workers remain a serious problem globally. Recent surveys continue to report high levels of depression, anxiety, burnout and other conditions amongst various occupational groups. Novel approaches are needed to support clinician well-being.

Feasibility Study of Scanning Spectral Imaging Based on a Birefringence Flat Plate.

Hyper-spectral imaging (HSI) systems can be divided into two main types as follows: a group of systems that includes a dedicated dispersion/filtering component whose role is to physically separate the different wavelengths and a group of systems that sample all wavelengths in parallel, so that the separation into wavelengths is performed by signal processing (interferometric method). There is a significant advantage to systems of the second type in terms of the integration time required to obtain a signal with a high signal-to-noise ratio since the signal-to-noise ratio of methods based on scanning interferometry (Windowing method) is better compared to methods based on dispersion. The current research deals with the feasibility study of a new concept for an HSI system that is based on scanning interferometry using the "push-broom" method.

The SK4 channel allosteric blocker, BA6b9, reduces atrial fibrillation substrate in rats with reduced ejection fraction.

Atrial fibrillation (AF), the most common cardiac arrhythmia, is strongly associated with several comorbidities including heart failure (HF). AF in general, and specifically in the context of HF, is progressive in nature and associated with poor clinical outcomes. Current therapies for AF are limited in number and efficacy and do not target the underlying causes of atrial remodeling such as inflammation or fibrosis.

An evaluation of the capabilities of language models and nurses in providing neonatal clinical decision support.

Aim: To assess the clinical reasoning capabilities of two large language models, ChatGPT-4 and Claude-2.0, compared to those of neonatal nurses during neonatal care scenarios.

Design: A cross-sectional study with a comparative evaluation using a survey instrument that included six neonatal intensive care unit clinical scenarios.

Low ALT Is Associated with IBD and Disease Activity: Results from a Nationwide Study.

: Sarcopenia is underdiagnosed in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Low alanine transaminase (ALT) is associated with sarcopenia. We evaluated the association between low ALT and the presence of IBD and disease activity.

Perceived Health Risks, Health Behaviors, and BMI Among Diverse Adults in Israel.

Introduction: Obesity is associated with an increased relative risk of COVID-19-related mortality. The interplay of culture and religion in the overweight/obesity context has been minimally examined. The purpose of this study was to examine the association between preventive health behaviors, sociodemographic factors, and obesity among religiously diverse adults in Israel.

Daily steps, walking tests, and functioning in chronic stroke; comparing independent walkers to device-users.

Background And Purpose: Community mobility post-stroke is important for gaining independence in daily activities. Walking devices can facilitate mobility, but it remains unclear whether individuals who use a walking device walk as many daily steps as those who do not require a device. It is also unclear whether these groups differ in their independence in daily living.

Home-Based Cardiac Rehabilitation Among Patients Unwilling to Participate in Hospital-Based Programs.

Purpose: Asynchronous home-based cardiac rehabilitation (HBCR) is a viable alternative to center-based cardiac rehabilitation (CBCR). However, to achieve significant functional improvement, a high level of adherence and activity must be achieved. The effectiveness of HBCR among patients who actively avoid CBCR has not been effectively investigated.

Deep learning for detection and 3D segmentation of maxillofacial bone lesions in cone beam CT.

Objectives: To develop an automated deep-learning algorithm for detection and 3D segmentation of incidental bone lesions in maxillofacial CBCT scans.

Methods: The dataset included 82 cone beam CT (CBCT) scans, 41 with histologically confirmed benign bone lesions (BL) and 41 control scans (without lesions), obtained using three CBCT devices with diverse imaging protocols. Lesions were marked in all axial slices by experienced maxillofacial radiologists.

Real-Life Comparison of Fosfomycin to Nitrofurantoin for the Treatment of Uncomplicated Lower Urinary Tract Infection in Women.

In this study, we compared the failure rates of fosfomycin and nitrofurantoin for uncomplicated urinary tract infections. We used Meuhedet Health Services' large database to collect data on all female patients, older than 18 years, who were prescribed either antibiotic during 2013-2018. Treatment failure was a composite endpoint of hospitalization, emergency-room visit, IV antibiotic treatment, or prescription of a different antibiotic, within seven days of the initial prescription.

An objective tool for quantifying atrial fibrillation substrate in rats.

The utility of rodents for research related to atrial fibrillation (AF) is growing exponentially. However, the obtained arrhythmic waveforms are often mixed with ventricular signals and the ability to analyze regularity and complexity of such events is limited. Recently, we introduced an implantable quadripolar electrode adapted for advanced atrial electrophysiology in ambulatory rats.

Efficacy and safety of metabolic interventions for the treatment of severe COVID-19: in vitro, observational, and non-randomized open-label interventional study.

Background: Viral infection is associated with a significant rewire of the host metabolic pathways, presenting attractive metabolic targets for intervention.

Methods: We chart the metabolic response of lung epithelial cells to SARS-CoV-2 infection in primary cultures and COVID-19 patient samples and perform in vitro metabolism-focused drug screen on primary lung epithelial cells infected with different strains of the virus. We perform observational analysis of Israeli patients hospitalized due to COVID-19 and comparative epidemiological analysis from cohorts in Italy and the Veteran's Health Administration in the United States.

The Association Between Proton Pump Inhibitors and COVID-19 is Confounded by Hyperglycemia in a Population-Based Study.

There is conflicting evidence regarding the association between proton pump inhibitors (PPI) and the risk of acquisition and severity of acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. To evaluate the association between PPI exposure and infection and development of severe disease in patients infected with SARS-CoV2in a large population-based historical cohort. Data were extracted from a health maintenance organization database in Israel that insures over 1,200,000 individuals from across the country.

The relationships between step count and hospitalisation-associated outcomes in acutely hospitalised older adults - A systematic review.

Background And Purpose: Although low ambulation among older adults has been linked to a broad range of adverse outcomes during and after acute hospitalisation, a systematic inquiry of the link between step count and these consequences is required. Therefore, the main purpose of this study is to systematically review the relationships between step count and hospitalisation-associated outcomes in acutely hospitalised older adults.

Methods: The electronic databases MEDLINE, CINAHL, and Embase were searched for studies including older adults (above age 65) hospitalised in acute internal wards.

Both high and low pre-infection glucose levels associated with increased risk for severe COVID-19: New insights from a population-based study.

Importance: Patients with diabetes are known to be at increased risk for infections including severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) but the relationship between COVID-19 severity and specific pre-infection glucose levels is not known.

Objective: To assess the differential effects of pre-infection glucose levels on the risk for severe COVID-19 amongst patients with and without diabetes.

Design: Population based historical cohort study.

The Association between Serum Vitamin D Levels and Presence and Eradication.

Background: The success of () eradication depends on several host and treatment factors. Serum vitamin D levels may be associated with infection and eradication rates. We investigated the association between vitamin D and infection and eradication, using a large electronic database based on medical records from a population-based health maintenance organization.

A novel method for estimating the urine drainage time from the renal collecting system.

Purpose: Partial obstruction of the upper urinary tract is a common urological pathology that leads to progressive atrophy and dysfunction of the kidney. Most methods for evaluating the urine drainage rate, to assess the severity of partial obstruction, involve injection of markers into the blood stream and therefore the filtration rate from the blood effects the drainage rate. This study presents a novel method for assessing the drainage rate from the upper urinary tract by analyzing sequential fluoroscopic images from a routine nephrostogram, in which contrast material is introduced directly into the renal collecting system.

An artificial intelligence system using machine-learning for automatic detection and classification of dental restorations in panoramic radiography.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to develop a computer vision algorithm based on artificial intelligence, designed to automatically detect and classify various dental restorations on panoramic radiographs.

Study Design: A total of 738 dental restorations in 83 anonymized panoramic images were analyzed. Images were automatically cropped to obtain the region of interest containing maxillary and mandibular alveolar ridges.

Mapping the Lipid Layer of the Human Tear Film.

Purpose: To describe a new method to distinguish between normal versus lipid-deficient dry eye using a Tear Film Imager (TFI).

Methods: Two groups of study subjects, controls versus lipid-deficient dry eye, were tested using the TFI. This instrument provides an accurate measurement of the thickness and spatial distribution of the muco-aqueous and lipid layers of the tear film.

Dynamic assessment of the tear film muco-aqueous and lipid layers using a novel tear film imager (TFI).

Purpose: The objective of the study was to assess a new technology, the tear film imager (TFI), which can dynamically image the muco-aqueous and lipid layers.

Methods: Prospective pilot case series of individuals with and without dry eye (DE). Two sequential images were obtained with the TFI.

Walking for Better Outcomes and Recovery: The Effect of WALK-FOR in Preventing Hospital-Associated Functional Decline Among Older Adults.

Background: In-hospital immobility of older adults is associated with hospital-associated functional decline (HAFD). This study examined the WALK-FOR program's effects on HAFD prevention.

Methods: A quasi-experimental pre-post two-group (intervention group [IG] n = 188, control group [CG] n = 189) design was applied in two hospital internal medical units.

Central place foragers select ocean surface convergent features despite differing foraging strategies.

Discovering the predictors of foraging locations can be challenging, and is often the critical missing piece for interpreting the ecological significance of observed movement patterns of predators. This is especially true in dynamic coastal marine systems, where planktonic food resources are diffuse and must be either physically or biologically concentrated to support upper trophic levels. In the Western Antarctic Peninsula, recent climate change has created new foraging sympatry between Adélie (Pygoscelis adeliae) and gentoo (P.