Zonation of the Vitis vinifera microbiome in Vino Nobile di Montepulciano PDO production area.

The microbial dimension of the terroir is crucial for wine quality, as microbiomes contribute to plant biofertilization, stress tolerance and pathogen suppression. While microbial terroir can act as a biological signature at large scale, data for local contexts is lacking, hindering the characterization of regional microbial diversity in vineyards. Here, we define the microbial terroir of vineyards across the 12 sub-areas (Additional Geographic Units -AGUs) of the "Consorzio del Vino Nobile di Montepulciano DOCG" PDO area (Italy), a world-renowned wine-producing region.

Physiological plasticity and life history traits affect Chamelea gallina acclimatory responses during a marine heatwave.

The striped venus clam (Chamelea gallina) is a relevant economic resource in the Adriatic Sea. This study explored the physiological status of C. gallina at four sites selected along a gradient from high to low incidence of recorded historical mortality events and low to high productivity in the Northwestern Adriatic Sea.

The Alpine ibex (Capra ibex) gut microbiome, seasonal dynamics, and potential application in lignocellulose bioconversion.

Aiming to shed light on the biology of wild ruminants, we investigated the gut microbiome seasonal dynamics of the Alpine ibex () from the Central Italian Alps. Feces were collected in spring, summer, and autumn during non-invasive sampling campaigns. Samples were analyzed by 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing, shotgun metagenomics, as well as targeted and untargeted metabolomics.

Resistance to freezing conditions of endemic Antarctic polychaetes is enhanced by cryoprotective proteins produced by their microbiome.

The microbiome plays a key role in the health of all metazoans. Whether and how the microbiome favors the adaptation processes of organisms to extreme conditions, such as those of Antarctica, which are incompatible with most metazoans, is still unknown. We investigated the microbiome of three endemic and widespread species of Antarctic polychaetes: , , and .

Meta-analysis of the Cetacea gut microbiome: Diversity, co-evolution, and interaction with the anthropogenic pathobiome.

Despite their critical roles in marine ecosystems, only few studies have addressed the gut microbiome (GM) of cetaceans in a comprehensive way. Being long-living apex predators with a carnivorous diet but evolved from herbivorous ancestors, cetaceans are an ideal model for studying GM-host evolutionary drivers of symbiosis and represent a valuable proxy of overall marine ecosystem health. Here, we investigated the GM of eight different cetacean species, including both Odontocetes (toothed whales) and Mysticetes (baleen whales), by means of 16S rRNA-targeted amplicon sequencing.

Microbiome study of a coupled aquaponic system: unveiling the independency of bacterial communities and their beneficial influences among different compartments.

To understand the microbiome composition and interplay among bacterial communities in different compartments of a coupled freshwater aquaponics system growing flathead grey mullet (Mugil cephalus) and lettuces (Lactuca sativa), 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing of the V3-V4 region was analysed from each compartment (fish intestine, water from the sedimentation tank, bioballs from the biological filter, water and biofilm from the hydroponic unit, and lettuce roots). The bacterial communities of each sample group showed a stable diversity during all the trial, except for the fish gut microbiota, which displayed lower alpha diversity values. Regarding beta diversity, the structure of bacterial communities belonging to the biofilm adhering to the hydroponic tank walls, bioballs, and lettuce roots resembled each other (weighted and unweighted UniFrac distances), while bacteria from water samples also clustered together.

Ocean warming and acidification detrimentally affect coral tissue regeneration at a Mediterranean CO vent.

Among the main phenomena that are causing significant changes in ocean waters are warming and acidification, largely due to anthropogenic activities. Growing evidence suggests that climate change is having more substantial and rapid effects on marine communities than on terrestrial ones, triggering several physiological responses in these organisms, including in corals. Here we investigated, for first time in the field, the combined effect of increasing seawater acidification and warming on tissue regeneration rate of three Mediterranean scleractinian coral species characterized by different trophic strategies and growth modes.

A sustainable one-pot method to transform seashell waste calcium carbonate to osteoinductive hydroxyapatite micro-nanoparticles.

We have developed a straightforward, one-pot, low-temperature hydrothermal method to transform oyster shell waste particles (bCCP) from the species (Mg-calcite, 5 wt% Mg) into hydroxyapatite (HA) micro/nanoparticles. The influence of the P reagents (HPO, KHPO, and KHPO), P/bCCP molar ratios (0.24, 0.

Multi-benthic size approach to unveil different environmental conditions in a Mediterranean harbor area (Ancona, Adriatic Sea, Italy).

Harbors are hubs of human activity and are subject to the continuous discharge and release of industrial, agricultural, and municipal waste and contaminants. Benthic organisms are largely known to reflect environmental conditions they live in. Despite meio- and macrofauna interacting within the benthic system, they are ecologically distinct components of the benthos and as such may not necessarily respond to environmental conditions and/or disturbances in the same way.

Seasonal dynamics of the microbiome-host response to pharmaceuticals and pesticides in Mytilus galloprovincialis farmed in the Northwestern Adriatic Sea.

Marine mussels, especially Mytilus galloprovincialis, are well-established sentinel species, being naturally resistant to the exposure to multiple xenobiotics of natural and anthropogenic origin. Even if the response to multiple xenobiotic exposure is well known at the host level, the role of the mussel-associated microbiome in the animal response to environmental pollution is poorly explored, despite its potential in xenobiotic detoxification and its important role in host development, protection, and adaptation. Here, we characterized the microbiome-host integrative response of M.

Sorbed environmental contaminants increase the harmful effects of microplastics in adult zebrafish, Danio rerio.

Aquatic animals ingest Microplastics (MPs) which have the potential to affect the uptake and bioavailability of sorbed co-contaminants. However, the effects on living organisms still need to be properly understood. The present study was designed to assess the combined effects of MPs and environmental contaminants on zebrafish (Danio rerio) health and behavior.

Eight years of community structure monitoring through recreational citizen science at the "SS Thistlegorm" wreck (Red Sea).

Large artificial coral reef communities, such as those thriving on sunken shipwrecks, tend to mirror those of nearby natural coral reefs and their long-term dynamics may help future reef resilience to environmental change. We examined the community structure of the world-renown "SS Thistlegorm" wreck in the northern Red Sea from 2007 through 2014, analyzing data collected during the recreational citizen science Red Sea monitoring project "Scuba Tourism for the Environment". Volunteer divers collected data on 6 different diving parameters which included the date of the dive, maximum depth, average depth, temperature, dive time, hour of dive, and gave an abundance estimation of sighted taxa from a list of 72 target taxa.

Composition and biodiversity of soil and root-associated microbiome in cultivar Lambrusco distinguish the microbial of the Lambrusco DOC protected designation of origin area on a local scale.

Introduction: Wines produced from the same grape cultivars but in different locations possess distinctive qualities leading to different consumer's appreciation, preferences, and thus purchase choices. Here, we explore the possible importance of microbiomes at the soil-plant interface as a determinant of the terroir properties in grapevine production, which confer specific growth performances and wine chemo-sensory properties at the local scale.

Methods: In particular, we investigated the variation in microbial communities associated with the roots of cultivar Lambrusco, as well as with surrounding bulk soils, in different vineyards across the "Consorzio Tutela Lambrusco DOC" protected designation of origin area (PDO, Emilia Romagna, Italy), considering viticultural sites located both inside and outside the consortium in two different seasons (June and November 2021).

Acclimatization of a coral-dinoflagellate mutualism at a CO vent.

Ocean acidification caused by shifts in ocean carbonate chemistry resulting from increased atmospheric CO concentrations is threatening many calcifying organisms, including corals. Here we assessed autotrophy vs heterotrophy shifts in the Mediterranean zooxanthellate scleractinian coral Balanophyllia europaea acclimatized to low pH/high pCO conditions at a CO vent off Panarea Island (Italy). Dinoflagellate endosymbiont densities were higher at lowest pH Sites where changes in the distribution of distinct haplotypes of a host-specific symbiont species, Philozoon balanophyllum, were observed.

Recovering and Exploiting Aragonite and Calcite Single Crystals with Biologically Controlled Shapes from Mussel Shells.

Control over the shape and morphology of single crystals is a theme of great interest in fundamental science and for technological application. Many synthetic strategies to achieve this goal are inspired by biomineralization processes. Indeed, organisms are able to produce crystals with high fidelity in shape and morphology utilizing macromolecules that act as modifiers.

Glyphosate and its breakdown product AMPA elicit cytoprotective responses in haemocytes of the Mediterranean mussel (Mytilus galloprovincialis).

This study investigates the effects of glyphosate (GLY) and its metabolite AMPA on cytoprotective and detoxification mechanisms in haemocytes of Mytilus galloprovincialis. Cells were treated in vitro with 0.1 and 1.

Microbiome network in the pelagic and benthic offshore systems of the northern Adriatic Sea (Mediterranean Sea).

Because of their recognized global importance, there is now the urgent need to map diversity and distribution patterns of marine microbial communities. Even if available studies provided some advances in the understanding the biogeographical patterns of marine microbiomes at the global scale, their degree of plasticity at the local scale it is still underexplored, and functional implications still need to be dissected. In this scenario here we provide a synoptical study on the microbiomes of the water column and surface sediments from 19 sites in a 130 km area located 13.

Oxygen and carbon isotope variations in Chamelea gallina shells: Environmental influences and vital effects.

Stable isotopes in mollusc shells, together with variable growth rates and other geochemical properties, can register different environmental clues, including seawater temperature, salinity and primary productivity. However, the strict biological control over the construction of biominerals exerted by many calcifying organisms can constrain the use of these organisms for paleoenvironmental reconstructions. Biologically controlled calcification is responsible for the so called vital effects that cause a departure from isotopic equilibrium during shell formation, resulting in lower shell oxygen and carbon compared to the equilibrium value.