Detrimental Complications Of Meconium Aspiration Syndrome And Their Impact On Outcome.

Background: Meconium aspiration syndrome (MAS) is respiratory distress in an infant born through meconium stained amniotic fluid (MSAF) whose signs cannot be otherwise explained. MAS is associated with different complications. Many studies have been conducted in developed world to find the outcome associated with MAS but data from developing countries is lacking.

Clinical Spectrum Of Solitary Rectal Ulcer In Children Presenting With Per-Rectal Bleed.

Background: Solitary rectal ulcer syndrome (SRUS) is a benign and chronic disorder well known in young adults and less common in children. The objective of this study was to determine the frequency and clinical spectrum of solitary rectal ulcer in children with bleeding per rectum.

Methods: This study was conducted in the Department of Paediatric Gastroenterology Hepatology& Nutrition; The Children's Hospital & The Institute of Child Health, Lahore, from January-December 2015.

Acute bacterial meningitis in children presenting to The Children's Hospital Lahore before and after pneumococcal vaccine in Pakistan National Immunization Program; A comparison.

Objective: To describe bacteriological profile, morbidity and mortality of acute bacterial meningitis (ABM) in children and to compare these parameters before and after the introduction of Pneumococcal vaccine in Pakistan National Immunization Program.

Methods: The present descriptive study was conducted at the Department of Paediatric Medicine of The Children's Hospital Lahore from January 2012 to December 2015. A total of 503 children one month to five years of age admitted with diagnosis of meningitis were included.

Modelling CD4 T Cell Recovery in Hepatitis C and HIV Co-infected Children Receiving Antiretroviral Therapy.

Background: The effect of hepatitis C virus (HCV) coinfection on CD4 T cell recovery in treated HIV-infected children is poorly understood.

Objective: To compare CD4 T cell recovery in HIV/HCV coinfected children with recovery in HIV monoinfected children.

Method: We studied 355 HIV monoinfected and 46 HIV/HCV coinfected children receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART) during a median follow-up period of 4.

Identification of novel potential genetic predictors of urothelial bladder carcinoma susceptibility in Pakistani population.

Urothelial bladder carcinoma (UBC) is the most common among urinary bladder neoplasms. We carried out a preliminary study to determine the genetic etiology of UBC in Pakistani population, for this 25 sequence variants from 17 candidate genes were studied in 400 individuals by using polymerase chain reaction-based techniques. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed for association analysis of the overall data as well as the data stratified by smoking status, tumor grade and tumor stage.

Correlation between maternal and childhood VitB12, folic acid and ferritin levels.

Objective: To determine the correlation between serum folic acid, vitamin B12 and ferritin of mother and child and to study various neonatal risk factors as a cause of anemia in children.

Methods: One hundred eighty children two months to two years of age admitted in the department of Pediatric Medicine of The Children's Hospital and The Institute of Child Health Lahore from January 2013 to January 2015 with common medical conditions having anemia were included. Complete blood count (CBC), serum ferritin level, folic acid and Vitamin (Vit) B12 level were sent of children and their mothers.

A Rare Fetal Firearm Injury.

Firearm injury (FAI) in pregnant women is reported in the literature; however, no reference to date was found to address the neonatal abdominal surgery performed after maternal FAI. FAI during fetal life is extremely rare and very few cases have been reported. We present a report of a 37-week gestation newborn whose mother had an accidental FAI.

Tuberculous Dactylitis with Concomitant Thyroid Involvement: A Rare Presentation of Childhood Tuberculosis.

Extrapulmonary tuberculosis rarely presents as thyroid involvement along with other manifestations, and poses a diagnostic challenge on account of paucibacillary nature of disease. In general, the diagnosis of tuberculosis is based on epidemiological risk factors, clinical features, imaging studies, in addition to a positive skin testing or Interferon Gamma Release Assay (IGRA). A 14-year boy presented with history of fever and weight loss for one year.

Mucopolysaccharidoses - Clinical Spectrum and Frequency of Different Types.

Objective: To determine the relative frequency and clinical features of different varieties of mucopolysaccharidosis.

Study Design: Descriptive study.

Place And Duration Of Study: Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, The Children's Hospital and The Institute of Child Health, Lahore, from January 2013 to December 2015.

Ingested Metallic Spool: A Rare Cause of Acquired Tracheoesophageal Fistula.

Foreign body (FB) ingestion is a common problem in children. Prolonged impaction of FB in esophagus may result in tracheoesophageal fistula (TEF). A 6-year-old girl presented with progressive dysphagia and recurrent chest infections.

Detection of AmpC β-lactamase producing bacteria isolated in neonatal sepsis.

Objective: The objective of this study was to determine the occurrence and antimicrobial profile of AmpC β-lactamase producing bacteria.

Methods: The study was conducted at The Children's Hospital and The Institute of Child Health Lahore, Pakistan, during September 2011 to June 2012. A total number of 1,914 blood samples of suspected neonatal septicemia were processed.

rs12603332 is associated with male asthma patients specifically in urban areas of Lahore, Pakistan.

Objective: rs12603332, an important regulatory site variant, is known to alter the regulatory motif E2A that is involved in the maturation of B-lymphocytes. The study was designed to check whether different environmental exposures alter its risk allele association with asthma or not.

Methods: 200 Physician-diagnosed asthma patients and 108 healthy individuals were enrolled from hospitals of Lahore.

Varied Presentation of Congenital Segmental Dilatation of the Intestine in Neonates: Report of Three Cases.

Congenital segmental dilatation (CSD) of the intestine is a rare developmental anomaly characterized by sharply demarcated dilatation of a gastrointestinal segment and may present with intestinal obstruction. We report three cases of CSD of the intestine in neonates with varied presentation. First patient was mistaken as pneumoperitoneum on abdominal radiograph, which led to initial abdominal drain placement.

Childhood Acute Bacterial Meningitis: Clinical Spectrum, Bacteriological Profile and Outcome.

Objective: To determine the disease pattern, etiological agents and outcome of childhood acute bacterial meningitis.

Study Design: Adescriptive study.

Place And Duration Of Study: Department of Paediatric Medicine, The Children's Hospital, Lahore, from January to December 2012.

Role of Glycosyltransferases Modifying Type B Flagellin of Emerging Hypervirulent Clostridium difficile Lineages and Their Impact on Motility and Biofilm Formation.

Clostridium difficile is the principal cause of nosocomial infectious diarrhea worldwide. The pathogen modifies its flagellin with either a type A or type B O-linked glycosylation system, which has a contributory role in pathogenesis. We study the functional role of glycosyltransferases modifying type B flagellin in the 023 and 027 hypervirulent C.

Metallo-beta-lactamase producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae: A rising threat for hospitalized children.

Objective: To determine the frequency of metallo-beta-lactamase (MBL) producing E.coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae, better phenotypic techniques for MBL detection and choices of treatment available for such cases.

Methods: This study was conducted in The Children's Hospital, Lahore during March, 2013 and February, 2014.

Psittacosis: Rare Respiratory Problem in Children.

Psittacosis is a rare disease particularly in children with usual presentation of respiratory and constitutional symptoms. The cases may remain undiagnosed or diagnosis may be delayed because of lack of awareness among the paediatricians and physicians. Early diagnosis is very important as this is potentially curable and preventable disease.

Diarrheal Versus Non-diarrheal Presentations of Paediatric Celiac Disease.

Objective: To compare the frequencies and clinical features of diarrheal versus non-diarrheal presentation of celiac disease (CD).

Study Design: Cross-sectional study.

Place And Duration Of Study: Paediatric Department, Benazir Bhutto Hospital, Rawalpindi, from January to December 2013.

Medical errors; causes, consequences, emotional response and resulting behavioral change.

Objective: To determine the causes of medical errors, the emotional and behavioral response of pediatric medicine residents to their medical errors and to determine their behavior change affecting their future training.

Methods: One hundred thirty postgraduate residents were included in the study. Residents were asked to complete questionnaire about their errors and responses to their errors in three domains: emotional response, learning behavior and disclosure of the error.

Persistent mullerian duct syndrome: A 24-year experience.

Background: Persistence of mullerian duct derivatives in otherwise normal male child is a very rare disorder. This may lead to diagnostic as well as management dilemma.

Materials And Methods: The medical record of 27 cases of persistent mullerian duct syndrome (PMDS) operated in three teaching hospitals more than a period of 24years is retrieved and analyzed for demography, clinical presentation, investigations, and treatment.

Limited Evidence on the Management of Respiratory Tract Infections in Down's Syndrome: A Systematic Review.

Aims: To systematically review the effectiveness of preventative and therapeutic interventions for respiratory tract infections (RTIs) in people with Down's syndrome.

Methods: Databases were searched for any published and ongoing studies of respiratory tract diseases in children and adults with Down's syndrome. These databases were searched for controlled trials, cohort studies and controlled before-after studies.

Accuracy of Anti-Tissue Transglutaminase IgA Antibody in the Diagnosis of Paediatric Celiac Disease.

Objective: To determine the accuracy of anti-tissue transglutaminase IgA (TTG) antibody titer in the diagnosis of celiac disease, taking small intestine histopathology as the gold standard.

Study Design: Cross-sectional analytical study.

Place And Duration Of Study: Department of Paediatrics, Benazir Bhutto Hospital, Rawalpindi, from February to July 2013.

Childhood Idiopathic Steroid Resistant Nephrotic Syndrome, Different Drugs And Outcome.

Background: The management of steroid resistant nephrotic syndrome (SRNS) is quite difficult in paediatric patients. Not only the remission is difficult but also these patients are at risk of progression to end stage renal disease (ESRD). The goal of treatment is either to achieve complete remission or even partial remission as it is the most important predictor of disease outcome.