Review of cancer cell volatile organic compounds: their metabolism and evolution.

Cancer is ranked as the top cause of premature mortality. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are produced from catalytic peroxidation by reactive oxygen species (ROS) and have become a highly attractive non-invasive cancer screening approach. For future clinical applications, however, the correlation between cancer hallmarks and cancer-specific VOCs requires further study.

A novel oncolytic Vaccinia virus armed with IL-12 augments antitumor immune responses leading to durable regression in murine models of lung cancer.

Oncolytic vaccinia viruses (VVs) are potent stimulators of the immune system and induce immune-mediated tumor clearance and long-term surveillance against tumor recurrence. As such they are ideal treatment modalities for solid tumors including lung cancer. Here, we investigated the use of VVL-m12, a next-generation, genetically modified, interleukin-12 (IL-12)-armed VV, as a new therapeutic strategy to treat murine models of lung cancer and as a mechanism of increasing lung cancer sensitivity to antibody against programmed cell death protein 1 (α-PD1) therapy.

The combination treatment of RC48 and STAT3 inhibitor acts as a promising therapeutic strategy for basal bladder cancer.

As an antibody-drug conjugate (ADC), disitamab vedotin (RC48) is a promising treatment targeting ERBB2 for locally advanced and metastatic bladder cancer (BLCA). However, the subtype heterogeneity of muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) often leads to different therapeutic outcomes. In our study, we aim to explore sensitivity differences and mechanisms of different molecular subtypes of MIBC to RC48 treatment and develop a strategy for combination therapy against cancer.

Tumor-associated lymphatic vessel density is a postoperative prognostic biomarker of hepatobiliary cancers: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate whether tumor-associated lymphatic vessel density (LVD) could predict the survival of patients with hepato-biliary-pancreatic (HBP) cancers after radical resection.

Methods: A systematic search was conducted using PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library from the inception to July 31, 2024 for literature that reported the role of LVD in overall survival (OS) and recurrence-free survival (RFS) of patients with HBP cancers after radical resection.

Results: Ten studies with 761 patients were included for the meta-analysis.

Transplant oncology and anti-cancer immunosuppressants.

Organ transplantation is a life-saving intervention that enhances the quality of life for patients with end-stage organ failure. However, long-term immunosuppressive therapy is required to prevent allogeneic graft rejection, which inadvertently elevates the risk of post-transplant malignancies, especially for liver transplant recipients with a prior history of liver cancer. In response, the emerging field of transplant oncology integrates principles from oncology and immunology to improve outcomes for patients at high risk of tumor occurrence or recurrence following transplantation.

Ligands of CD6: roles in the pathogenesis and treatment of cancer.

Cluster of Differentiation 6 (CD6), an established marker of T cells, has multiple and complex functions in regulation of T cell activation and proliferation, and in adhesion of T cells to antigen-presenting cells and epithelial cells in various organs and tissues. Early studies on CD6 demonstrated its role in mediating cell-cell interactions through its first ligand to be identified, CD166/ALCAM. The observation of CD6-dependent functions of T cells that could not be explained by interactions with CD166/ALCAM led to discovery of a second ligand, CD318/CDCP1.

Understanding the role of the gut microbiome in solid tumor responses to immune checkpoint inhibitors for personalized therapeutic strategies: a review.

Immunotherapy, especially immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy, has yielded remarkable outcomes for some patients with solid cancers, but others do not respond to these treatments. Recent research has identified the gut microbiota as a key modulator of immune responses, suggesting that its composition is closely linked to responses to ICI therapy in cancer treatment. As a result, the gut microbiome is gaining attention as a potential biomarker for predicting individual responses to ICI therapy and as a target for enhancing treatment efficacy.

A bird's-eye view of the biological mechanism and machine learning prediction approaches for cell-penetrating peptides.

Cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) are highly effective at passing through eukaryotic membranes with various cargo molecules, like drugs, proteins, nucleic acids, and nanoparticles, without causing significant harm. Creating drug delivery systems with CPP is associated with cancer, genetic disorders, and diabetes due to their unique chemical properties. Wet lab experiments in drug discovery methodologies are time-consuming and expensive.

A multi-patch-based deep learning model with VGG19 for breast cancer classifications in the pathology images.

Purpose: Breast cancer encompasses various subtypes with distinct prognoses, necessitating accurate stratification methods. Current techniques rely on quantifying gene expression in limited subsets. Given the complexity of breast tissues, effective detection and classification of breast cancer is crucial in medical imaging.

Enhance health evidence quality in classification tasks: A triangulation approach utilizing case-based reasoning and process features.

Objective: Machine learning (ML) has enabled healthcare discoveries by facilitating efficient modeling, such as for cancer screening. Unlike clinical trials, real-world data used in ML are often gathered for multiple purposes, leading to bias and missing information for a specific classification task. This challenge is especially pronounced in healthcare because of stringent ethical considerations and resource constraints.

Controversies in fecal incontinence.

Fecal incontinence is a common condition that can significantly impact patients' quality of life. Obstetric anal sphincter injury and anorectal surgeries are common etiologies. Endoanal ultrasound and anorectal manometry are important diagnostic tools for evaluating patients.

analysis of lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA signatures related to Sorafenib effectiveness in liver cancer cells.

Background: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common subtype of primary liver cancer with varied incidence and epidemiology worldwide. Sorafenib is still a recommended treatment for a large proportion of patients with advanced HCC. Different patterns of treatment responsiveness have been identified in differentiated hepatoblastoma HepG2 cells and metastatic HCC SNU449 cells.

Recommendations for reporting and evaluating proton therapy beyond dose and constant relative biological effectiveness.

Background And Purpose: In proton therapy, a relative biological effectiveness (RBE) of 1.1 is used to convert proton dose into an equivalent photon dose. However, RBE varies with tissue type, fraction dose, and beam quality parameters beyond dose such as linear energy transfer (LET) raising concerns about increased local effectiveness and potential toxicity.

Granulomatous inflammatory responses are elicited in the liver of PD-1 knockout mice by genome mutagenesis.

Introduction: Programmed death-1 (PD-1) is a negative regulator of immune responses. Upon deletion of PD-1 in mice, symptoms of autoimmunity developed only after they got old. In a model experiment in cancer immunotherapy, PD-1 was shown to prevent cytotoxic T lymphocytes from attacking cancer cells that expressed neoantigens derived from genome mutations.

Real-world experience with TTFields in glioma patients with emphasis on therapy usage.

Tumor Treating Fields (TTFields) has emerged as a significant adjunctive component in the treatment of high-grade gliomas following the EF-14 trial in 2017. The incorporation of TTFields, alongside cyclic temozolomide therapy, has demonstrated improved patient outcomes when the usage exceeds 18 h per day (75% usage). analysis of the EF-14 trial has demonstrated that therapy usage exceeding 90% is associated with an additional benefit, while rates above 50% have also proven effective in literature.

Survival benefits of adjuvant chemotherapy after conversion surgery in patients with advanced pancreatic cancer.

Background: Oncologic outcomes of conversion surgery for advanced pancreatic cancer (PC) have scarcely been reported. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the outcomes of conversion surgery with preoperative treatment of FOLFIRINOX or gemcitabine with nab-paclitaxel (GnP) for patients with advanced PC including locally advanced or metastatic PC.

Methods: Using the National Health Insurance database between 2005 and 2020, we identified patients who underwent conversion surgery after chemotherapy with FOLFIRINOX or GnP for advanced PC.

Advances and current concepts on Eph receptors and ephrins in upper digestive tract cancers.

Erythropoietin-producing hepatocellular (Eph) receptors comprise the largest group of surface receptors and are responsible for cellular signals. Eph/ephrin signaling has been identified to play a role in key cancer development and progression processes, especially in the upper gastrointestinal tract. The Eph/ephrin system has been described as a tumor suppressor in duodenal cancer, while in esophageal, gastric, hepatic, and pancreatic cancer, the system has been related to tumor progression.

Comparative study of robotic-assisted vs. laparoscopic surgery for colorectal cancer: a single-center experience.

Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) surgeries are commonly performed using either robotic-assisted colorectal surgery (RACS) or laparoscopic colorectal surgery (LCS). This study aimed to compare clinical and surgical outcomes between RACS and LCS for CRC patients.

Methods: We included 225 patients from Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital (TJMUCH) between January 2021 and June 2024, divided into RACS (n=82) and LCS (n=143) groups.

Initial clinical experience with [Lu]Lu-PNT2002 radioligand therapy in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer: dosimetry, safety, and efficacy from the lead-in cohort of the SPLASH trial.

Introduction: SPLASH (NCT04647526) is a multicenter phase III trial evaluating the efficacy and safety of [Lu]Lu-PNT2002 radioligand therapy in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). This study leveraged a lead-in phase to assess tissue dosimetry and evaluate preliminary safety and efficacy, prior to expansion into a randomized phase. Here we report those results.

Detection of cervical precancerous lesions and cancer by small-scale RT-qPCR analysis of oppositely deregulated mRNAs pairs in cytological smears.

Background: Cervical screening, aimed at detecting precancerous lesions and preventing cancer, is based on cytology and HPV testing. Both methods have limitations, the main ones being the variable diagnostic sensitivity of cytology and the moderate specificity of HPV testing. Various molecular biomarkers are proposed in recent years to improve cervical cancer management, including a number of mRNAs encoded by human genes involved in carcinogenesis.

Global research trends in the application of artificial intelligence in oncology care: a bibliometric study.

Objective: To use bibliometric methods to analyze the prospects and development trends of artificial intelligence(AI) in oncology nursing from 1994 to 2024, providing guidance and reference for oncology nursing professionals and researchers.

Methods: The core set of the Web of Science database was searched for articles from 1994 to 2024. The R package "Bibliometrix" was used to analyze the main bibliometric features, creating a three-domain chart to display relationships among institutions, countries, and keywords.

Patient-reported quality of life and adherence outcomes after integrating exclusive liquid meal replacement in patients with head and neck cancer undergoing chemoradiation: results from a phase II study.

Objectives: Preventing malnutrition during chemoradiation (CRT) for head and neck cancer is critical maximizing quality of life (QOL). We sought to assess patient-reported QOL outcomes after integrating exclusive liquid meal replacement with Soylent, a novel meal replacement agent, in patients with head and neck cancer undergoing CRT.

Methods: Patients undergoing definitive or adjuvant concurrent CRT for locally advanced head and neck cancer enrolled on our single-institution, prospective phase II protocol evaluating nutritional replacement with Soylent.

Machine learning-based identification of proteomic markers in colorectal cancer using UK Biobank data.

Colorectal cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer-related mortality in the world. Incidence and mortality are predicted to rise globally during the next several decades. When detected early, colorectal cancer is treatable with surgery and medications.

Comparison of outcomes following prepectoral and subpectoral implants for breast reconstruction in patients with breast cancer.

Background: In recent years, different approaches to implant-based breast reconstruction have increasingly become an important option to meet both the treatment and postoperative aesthetic needs of breast cancer patients. This study selected two commonly used techniques for the prepectoral approach: single-incision, gas-inflated endoscopic prepectoral breast reconstruction (SIE-BR) and open prepectoral implant-based breast reconstruction (C-BR), as well as a commonly used technique for the subpectoral approach: open subpectoral implant-based breast reconstruction (SI-BR). By comparing the clinical efficacy and aesthetic outcomes of these three techniques in the treatment of breast cancer patients, this study aims to summarize the advantages of the prepectoral approach.

Research progress of breast cancer surgery during 2010-2024: a bibliometric analysis.

Purpose: This study seeks to systematically analyze the research literature pertaining to breast cancer surgery from 2010 to 2024, as indexed in the PubMed database, employing bibliometric methodologies.

Methods: Employing the "bibliometrix" package in the R programming language, alongside VOSviewer and CiteSpace software, this research conducted a comprehensive visual analysis of 1,195 publications. The analysis encompassed publication trends, collaborative networks, journal evaluation, author and institutional assessments, country-specific analyses, keyword exploration, and the identification of research hotspots.