Increasing treatment enrollment among smokers who are not motivated to quit: a randomized clinical trial.

There is a significant research-to-practice gap with respect to reaching underserved populations with evidence-based tobacco cessation treatments. Increasing enrollment in evidence-based treatments is necessary to reduce tobacco use and tobacco-related health inequities. The purpose of the current study was to evaluate whether Motivation And Problem Solving (MAPS), a flexible, holistic counseling/navigation approach delivered via phone, and proactive provision of Nicotine Replacement Therapy (NRT) would improve Quitline enrollment among a sample of low SES smokers who were not motivated to quit.

Mindfulness-based waiting room intervention for osteopathic manipulation patients: a pilot randomized controlled trial.

Context: Osteopathic manipulative treatment (OMT) and mindfulness-based interventions are both efficacious pain management strategies. Combining these two therapeutic approaches may offer added benefits to pain patients.

Objectives: To determine whether engaging in a mindfulness-based intervention before an OMT session improved OMT session outcomes.

Young Adult Populations Face Yet Another Barrier to Care With Insurers: Limited Access to Proton Therapy.

Purpose: Young patients, including pediatric, adolescent, and young adult (YA) patients, are most likely to benefit from the reduced integral dose of proton beam radiation therapy (PBT) resulting in fewer late toxicities and secondary malignancies. This study sought to examine insurance approval and appeal outcomes for PBT among YA patients compared with pediatric patients at a large-volume proton therapy center.

Methods And Materials: We performed a cross-sectional cohort study of 284 consecutive patients aged 0 to 39 years for whom PBT was recommended in 2018 through 2019.

TRANSFORMER: A Randomized Phase II Study Comparing Bipolar Androgen Therapy Versus Enzalutamide in Asymptomatic Men With Castration-Resistant Metastatic Prostate Cancer.

Purpose: Prostate cancer (PCa) becomes resistant to androgen ablation through adaptive upregulation of the androgen receptor in response to the low-testosterone microenvironment. Bipolar androgen therapy (BAT), defined as rapid cycling between high and low serum testosterone, disrupts this adaptive regulation in castration-resistant PCa (CRPC).

Methods: The TRANSFORMER (Testosterone Revival Abolishes Negative Symptoms, Fosters Objective Response and Modulates Enzalutamide Resistance) study is a randomized study comparing monthly BAT (n = 94) with enzalutamide (n = 101).

The impact of a hospital-based exercise oncology program on cancer treatment-related side effects among rural cancer survivors.

Purpose: To assess the impact of the Personal Optimism With Exercise Recovery (POWER) program on cancer treatment-related side effects among rural cancer survivors.

Methods: In this retrospective study of data collected between 2016 and 2019, we assessed change in cardiorespiratory fitness, whole-body muscular endurance, physical function and strength, anthropometrics, fatigue, and quality of life (QoL), after participation in POWER. Descriptive statistics were calculated for demographic and clinical variables.

A Novel Variant in G6PD (c.1375C>G) Identified from a Hispanic Neonate with Extreme Hyperbilirubinemia and Low G6PD Enzymatic Activity.

We report a novel glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) variant (c.1375C>G) discovered in a 3-day-old Hispanic male child from Salt Lake City, UT, USA. This newborn presented with severe hyperbilirubinemia (29.

Atrial Fibrillation and Bleeding in Patients With Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia Treated with Ibrutinib in the Veterans Health Administration.

Background: Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is the most common type of leukemia in adults. The introduction of novel oral agents, starting with ibrutinib in 2013, has revolutionized the therapeutic landscape; however, clinical trials have suggested an association between ibrutinib and the risk of bleeding-related adverse events and atrial fibrillation (Afib) in patients with CLL.

Methods: Patients diagnosed and treated for CLL at the Veterans Health Administration (VHA) from 2010 to 2014 were followed until December 31, 2016, death, or lack of utilization of hematology/oncology services for ≥ 18 months; or until incidence of another cancer.

Vitamin D, melanoma risk, and tumor thickness in PLCO cancer screening trial patients.

Objective: The incidence of melanoma is increasing. Other than limiting UV exposure, few factors prevent or reduce the risk of melanoma. The aim of this study is to evaluate the relationship between vitamin D intake and melanoma risk in the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian (PLCO) cancer screening trial.

Daratumumab plus CyBorD for patients with newly diagnosed AL amyloidosis: safety run-in results of ANDROMEDA.

Although no therapies are approved for light chain (AL) amyloidosis, cyclophosphamide, bortezomib, and dexamethasone (CyBorD) is considered standard of care. Based on outcomes of daratumumab in multiple myeloma (MM), the phase 3 ANDROMEDA study (NCT03201965) is evaluating daratumumab-CyBorD vs CyBorD in newly diagnosed AL amyloidosis. We report results of the 28-patient safety run-in.

Risk of pelvic organ prolapse treatment based on extended family history.

Background: Family history of pelvic organ prolapse among first-degree relatives is an established risk factor for pelvic organ prolapse; however, consideration of the constellation of family history that extends to distant relationships allows for more accurate determination of risk and may improve pelvic organ prolapse risk prediction estimates.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to assess risk for pelvic organ prolapse treatment based on varying family histories of pelvic organ prolapse and included number and types of affected relatives, ages of relatives at pelvic organ prolapse treatment, and whether the family history is of maternal or paternal origin.

Study Design: This was a retrospective, population-based study that involved the Utah Population Database, which is a population resource that includes extensive genealogy information linked to medical records.

Histone deacetylase 3 controls a transcriptional network required for B cell maturation.

Histone deacetylase 3 (Hdac3) is a target of the FDA approved HDAC inhibitors, which are used for the treatment of lymphoid malignancies. Here, we used Cd19-Cre to conditionally delete Hdac3 to define its role in germinal center B cells, which represent the cell of origin for many B cell malignancies. Cd19-Cre-Hdac3-/- mice showed impaired germinal center formation along with a defect in plasmablast production.

Enhancing Smoking Risk Communications: The Influence of Need for Cognition.

One way to enhance the impact of smoking health risk messages may be to tailor their content to individual difference factors such as need for cognition (NFC). In this study, we examined how NFC influenced responses to different smoking risk messages. Outcomes included knowledge, risk perceptions, and behavioral expectations related to quitting smoking.

Comparing Multiple Measures of Physical Activity in African-American Adults.

We assessed the agreement between self-reported and accelerometer-assessed physical activity (PA) in African-American adults by sex, education, income, and weight status. Participants (N = 274) completed the International PA Questionnaire short form (IPAQS), Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) PA questions, and PA Questionnaire (PAQ) and a 7-day accelerometer protocol using a waist-worn ActiGraph GT3X accelerometer. Interrelationships among PA measures were assessed by sociodemographics.

VHA Practice Guideline Recommendations for Diffuse Gliomas.

Although histology still plays a critical role in diagnosing diffuse gliomas, additional ancillary testing is an essential tool for VA pathology laboratories.

Disuse-induced insulin resistance susceptibility coincides with a dysregulated skeletal muscle metabolic transcriptome.

Short-term muscle disuse is characterized by skeletal muscle insulin resistance, although this response is divergent across subjects. The mechanisms regulating inactivity-induced insulin resistance between populations that are more or less susceptible to disuse-induced insulin resistance are not known. RNA sequencing was conducted on vastus lateralis muscle biopsies from subjects before and after bed rest ( = 26) to describe the transcriptome of inactivity-induced insulin resistance.

Age-dependent skeletal muscle transcriptome response to bed rest-induced atrophy.

Short-term muscle disuse induces significant muscle loss in older adults and in some reports may be more accelerated with aging. Identifying muscle transcriptional events in response to bed rest may help identify therapeutic targets to offset muscle loss. Therefore, we compared the muscle transcriptome between young and older adults after bed rest and identified candidate targets related to changes in muscle loss.

A tele-mentoring tobacco cessation case consultation and education model for healthcare providers in community mental health centers.

Smoking prevalence among individuals with mental and behavioral health needs is considerably higher compared to the general population, but evidence-based smoking cessation therapies are underutilized in mental and behavioral healthcare settings, despite the fact that these treatments are both safe and effective. The goal of this paper is to present the background, design and pilot of Project TEACH (Tobacco Education and Cessation in the Health System) developed to improve clinical practice by offering specialized training in the provision of smoking cessation interventions to care providers in community mental health centers in Texas. This is achieved through engaging the expertise of clinicians at the MD Anderson Cancer Center's Tobacco Treatment Program and disseminating this expertise to care providers by means of a novel tele-mentoring approach called Project ECHO (Extension for Community Healthcare Outcomes).

An RCT with the combination of varenicline and bupropion for smoking cessation: clinical implications for front line use.

Background And Aims: Despite the availability of several efficacious smoking cessation treatments, fewer than 25% of smokers who quit remain abstinent 1 year post-treatment. This study aimed to determine if varenicline and bupropion combination treatment would result in higher abstinence rates than varenicline alone.

Design: A double-blind, randomized, parallel-group smoking cessation clinical trial in which participants were exposed to 12 weeks of treatment and followed for 12 months.

An ecological momentary intervention for smoking cessation: The associations of just-in-time, tailored messages with lapse risk factors.

Background: Smartphone apps can provide real-time, tailored interventions for smoking cessation. The current study examines the effectiveness of a smartphone-based smoking cessation application that assessed risk for imminent smoking lapse multiple times per day and provided messages tailored to current smoking lapse risk and specific lapse triggers.

Methods: Participants (N=59) recruited from a safety-net hospital smoking cessation clinic completed phone-based ecological momentary assessments (EMAs) 5 times/day for 3 consecutive weeks (1week pre-quit, 2weeks post-quit).

Dispositional Mindful Attention in Relation to Negative Affect, Tobacco Withdrawal, and Expired Carbon Monoxide On and After Quit Day.

Background: Mindfulness (or "Mindful Attention") has been described as the presence or absence of attention to, and awareness of, what is occurring in the present moment. Among smokers, greater mindfulness is associated with greater effect stability and reduced cue-induced craving. While studies have shown that mindfulness is associated with other smoking-related factors such as reduced withdrawal symptoms using cross-sectional data, relatively little is known about the associations between baseline mindful attention and future abstinence-related effect/withdrawal.

Loss of p16 stimulates aberrant mitochondrial biogenesis through a CDK4/Rb-independent pathway.

The tumor suppressor p16INK4A (p16) inhibits cell cycle progression through the CDK4/Rb pathway. We have previously shown that p16 regulates cellular oxidative stress, independent of its role in cell cycle control. We investigated whether loss of p16 had a direct impact on the mitochondria.

Support Buffers Financial Strain's Effect on Health-related Quality of Life.

Objectives: Financial strain represents a perceived inability to meet financial needs and obligations and is associated with poorer health outcomes. Distinct facets of perceived social support may mitigate the deleterious effects of financial strain on health. In the present study, we examined the extent to which appraisal, belonging, and tangible social support ameliorate the effects of financial strain on health-related quality of life (HRQoL).

Evolving Treatment Paradigm in Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma.

The treatment paradigm for advanced and metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) has evolved rapidly since the arrival of targeted therapies and novel immunotherapies. mRCC was previously treated only with cytokines. However, discoveries of mutations affecting the von Hippel-Lindau tumor suppressor gene (leading to increased expression of VEGF and hypoxia inducible factor/HIF-1) and of deregulations in the phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase/AKT/mTOR pathway (resulting in tumor angiogenesis, cell proliferation, and tumor growth) have led to the development of numerous targeted therapies.

Treatment-related determinants of survival in early-stage (T1-2N0M0) oral cavity cancer: A population-based study.

Background: National guidelines support both surgical and radiotherapy (RT) as initial treatment options for early-stage oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). There remains limited data evaluating the survival outcomes of RT and the current practice patterns for these lesions.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective review of 8274 patients in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database from 1988 to 2008 with T1 to T2N0M0 oral cavity SCC.