Cellular Core/Sheath Filaments with Thermoresponsive Vacuum Cavities for Prolonged Passive Temperature-Adaptive Thermoregulation.

Acting as the interface between the human body and its environment, clothing is indispensable in human thermoregulation and even survival under extreme environmental conditions. Development of clothing textiles with prolonged passive temperature-adaptive thermoregulation without external energy consumption is much needed for protection from thermal stress and energy saving, but very challenging. Here, a temperature-adaptive thermoregulation filament (TATF) consisting of thermoresponsive vacuum cavities formed by the temperature-responsive volume change of the material confined in the cellular cores of the filament is proposed.

Insulator-donor electron wavefunction coupling in pseudo-bilayer organic solar cells achieving a certificated efficiency of 19.18.

The incorporation of polymeric insulators has led to notable achievements in the field of organic semiconductors. By altering the blending concentration, polymeric insulators exhibit extensive capabilities in regulating molecular configuration, film crystallinity, and mitigation of defect states. However, current research suggests that the improvement in such physical properties is primarily attributed to the enhancement of thin film morphology, an outcome that seems to be an inevitable consequence of incorporating insulators.

Constructing the Dirac Electronic Behavior Database of Under-Stress Transition Metal Dichalcogenides for Broad Applications.

Discovering and utilizing the unique optoelectronic properties of transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) is of great significance for developing next-generation electronic devices. In particular, research on Dirac state modulations of TMDCs under external strains is lacking. To fill this research gap, it has established a comprehensive database of 90 types of TMDCs and their response behaviors under external strains have been systematically investigated regarding the presence of Dirac cones and electronic structure evolutions.

mRNA vaccines in the context of cancer treatment: from concept to application.

Immuno-oncology has witnessed remarkable advancements in the past decade, revolutionizing the landscape of cancer therapeutics in an encouraging manner. Among the diverse immunotherapy strategies, mRNA vaccines have ushered in a new era for the therapeutic management of malignant diseases, primarily due to their impressive impact on the COVID-19 pandemic. In this comprehensive review, we offer a systematic overview of mRNA vaccines, focusing on the optimization of structural design, the crucial role of delivery materials, and the administration route.

The helmeted hornbill casque is reinforced by a bundle of exceptionally thick, rod-like trabeculae.

Among hornbill birds, the critically endangered helmeted hornbill (Rhinoplax vigil) is notable for its casque (a bulbous beak protrusion) being filled with trabeculae and fronted by a very thick keratin layer. Casque function is debated but appears central to aerial jousting, where birds (typically males) collide casques at high speeds in a mid-flight display that is audible for more than 100 m. We characterized the structural relationship between the skull and casque anatomy using X-ray microtomography and quantitative trabecular network analysis to examine how the casque sustains extreme impact.

Exploring the nexus between financial inclusion, governance, and carbon emissions in SAARC countries.

This study examines the impact of financial inclusion (FI) and institutional quality (INSQ) on carbon dioxide (CO) emissions in South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) economies, using data from 2004 to 2022. The hypotheses were tested using a generalized method of moments (GMM) approach. Beside, a robust moment method quantile regression (MM-QR) static model and Granger causality tests were employed to validate the results.

Phage Therapy: A Promising Treatment Strategy against Infections Caused by Multidrug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae.

Klebsiella pneumoniae (KP) is a common and highly pathogenic pathogen, which often causes several serious infections in humans. The rampant and inappropriate use of broad-spectrum antibiotics has fueled a worrisome surge in Multidrug Resistance (MDR) among the strains of K. pneumoniae, which has significantly boosted the risk and complexity of nosocomial infection transmission in clinical settings.

Interpretable deep learning for acoustic leak detection in water distribution systems.

Leak detection is crucial for ensuring the safety of water systems and conserving water resources. However, current research on machine learning methods for leak detection focuses excessively on model development while neglecting model interpretability, which leads to transparency and credibility issues in practical applications. This study proposes the multi-channel convolution neural network (MCNN) model and compares the performance of the MCNN model with the existing benchmark algorithm (i.

The relationships between positive/negative metacognitions and Internet gaming disorder among Chinese adult gamers: Cross-sectional and longitudinal evidence.

Previous research investigating Internet gaming disorder (IGD) in China involved mainly youth samples despite the large population of adult gamers. Drawing on the self-regulatory executive function model, this study aimed to demonstrate the psychometric robustness of negative and positive gaming-specific metacognitions assessed by the short-form Metacognitions about Online Gaming Scale (MOGS; Study 1). Then, Study 2 aimed to explore bidirectional associations between these two factors of the MOGS and IGD among a broad age spectrum of Chinese adult gamers.

Enhancing university students' engagement in studying assistive technology by case-based active learning: a pilot study in Hong Kong.

Assistive technology (AT) professionals are in pressing need with nowadays growing aged/disabled population, so as well-designed higher education programs in this field. This study designed and implemented a case-based active learning approach within an undergraduate course related to AT in Hong Kong, and assessed its impact on enhancing student engagement over two academic years. A total of twelve multimedia patient case dossiers on six major physical disabilities were created.

Unconventional hexagonal open Prussian blue analog structures.

Prussian blue analogs (PBAs), as a classical kind of microporous materials, have attracted substantial interests considering their well-defined framework structures, unique physicochemical properties and low cost. However, PBAs typically adopt cubic structure that features small pore size and low specific surface area, which greatly limits their practical applications in various fields ranging from gas adsorption/separation to energy conversion/storage and biomedical treatments. Here we report the facile and general synthesis of unconventional hexagonal open PBA structures.

Slit Lamp Report Generation and Question Answering: Development and Validation of a Multimodal Transformer Model with Large Language Model Integration.

Background: Large language models have shown remarkable efficacy in various medical research and clinical applications. However, their skills in medical image recognition and subsequent report generation or question answering (QA) remain limited.

Objective: We aim to finetune a multimodal, transformer-based model for generating medical reports from slit lamp images and develop a QA system using Llama2.

Intelligent Hierarchical Targeting Near-Infrared Persistent Luminescence Nanosystem for Improved Nuclear Delivery and Simultaneous Visualization/Therapy of EBV-Associated Cancer.

Epstein-Barr nuclear antigen 1 (EBNA1), a sequence-specific DNA binding protein of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), is essential for viral genome replication and maintenance and is therefore an attractive target for the therapeutic intervention of EBV-associated cancers. Several EBNA1-specific inhibitors have demonstrated the ability to block EBNA1 function in vitro, but practical delivery strategies for these inhibitors in vivo are still lacking. Here, we report an intelligent hierarchical targeting theranostic nanosystem (denoted as mZGOCS@MnO-P5) that integrates an azide (N3) terminal dual-targeting peptide (N3-P5), a tumor microenvironment-responsive degradable MnO nanosheet, and a mesoporous ZnGaO:Cr, Sn near-infrared persistent luminescence (NIR-PL) nanosphere (mZGOCS).

Non-Pharmacological Interventions Targeting Sense of Coherence Among Older Adults and Adults With Chronic Conditions: A Meta-Analysis With Trial Sequential Analysis.

Background: Sense of coherence (SoC) is a core concept of 'salutogenesis' in positive psychology, correlated with emotional distress and disease development in adults with chronic disease and older adults. A diversity of non-pharmacological interventions (NPIs) has been developed to enhance SoC, but research findings are conflicting and the adequacy of sample sizes is uncertainty.

Objective: This paper aimed to explore appropriate interventions, evaluate the effectiveness of these SoC interventions and verify the statistical robustness and reliability of pooled results.

Association between axial elongation and corneal topography in children undergoing orthokeratology with different back optic zone diameters.

Purpose: To explore the associations between myopia defocus dosage (MDD), aberration coefficients (primary spherical aberration and coma), and axial elongation in children undergoing orthokeratology (ortho-k) with back optic zone diameters (BOZD) of 5 mm and 6 mm over 2 years.

Methods: Data from 80 participants from two ortho-k studies were analyzed: 22 and 58 children wore lenses with 5-mm and 6-mm BOZD, respectively. Four MDD metrics were calculated from corneal topography data over a 5-mm pupil for the 1-month and 24-month visits: the circumferential, flat, steep, and volumetric MDD.

A simple model for Behavioral Time Scale Synaptic Plasticity (BTSP) provides content addressable memory with binary synapses and one-shot learning.

Recent experimental studies in the awake brain have identified a rule for synaptic plasticity that is instrumental for the instantaneous creation of memory traces in area CA1 of the mammalian brain: Behavioral Time scale Synaptic Plasticity. This one-shot learning rule differs in five essential aspects from previously considered plasticity mechanisms. We introduce a transparent model for the core function of this learning rule and establish a theory that enables a principled understanding of the system of memory traces that it creates.

Hybrid electromagnetic and moisture energy harvesting enabled by ionic diode films.

Wireless energy-responsive systems provide a foundational platform for powering and operating intelligent devices. However, current electronic systems relying on complex components limit their effective deployment in ambient environment and seamless integration of energy harvesting, storage, sensing, and communication. Here, we disclose a coupling effect of electromagnetic wave absorption and moist-enabled generation on carrier transportation and energy interaction regulated by ionic diode effect.

Reconfigurable and nonvolatile ferroelectric bulk photovoltaics based on 3R-WS for machine vision.

Hardware implementation of reconfigurable and nonvolatile photoresponsivity is essential for advancing in-sensor computing for machine vision applications. However, existing reconfigurable photoresponsivity essentially depends on the photovoltaic effect of p-n junctions, which photoelectric efficiency is constrained by Shockley-Queisser limit and hinders the achievement of high-performance nonvolatile photoresponsivity. Here, we employ bulk photovoltaic effect of rhombohedral (3R) stacked/interlayer sliding tungsten disulfide (WS) to surpass this limit and realize highly reconfigurable, nonvolatile photoresponsivity with a retinomorphic photovoltaic device.

Titanium nitride sensor for selective NO detection.

Efficient detection methods are needed to monitor nitrogen dioxide (NO), a major NO pollutant from fossil fuel combustion that poses significant threats to both ecology and human health. Current NO detection technologies face limitations in stability and selectivity. Here, we present a transition metal nitride sensor that exhibits exceptional selectivity for NO, demonstrating a sensitivity 30 times greater than that of the strongest interfering gas, NO.

High-purity hydrogen production from dehydrogenation of methylcyclohexane catalyzed by zeolite-encapsulated subnanometer platinum-iron clusters.

Liquid organic hydrogen carriers (LOHCs) are considered promising carriers for large-scale H storage and transportation, among which the toluene-methylcyclohexane cycle has attracted great attention from industry and academia because of the low cost and its compatibility with the current infrastructure facility for the transportation of chemicals. The large-scale deployment of the H storage/transportation plants based on the toluene-methylcyclohexane cycle relies on the use of high-performance catalysts, especially for the H release process through the dehydrogenation of methylcyclohexane. In this work, we have developed a highly efficient catalyst for MCH dehydrogenation reaction by incorporating subnanometer PtFe clusters with precisely controlled composition and location within a rigid zeolite matrix.

Key Kinetic Interactions between NO and Unsaturated Hydrocarbons: H Atom Abstraction from C-C Alkynes, Dienes, and Trienes by NO.

An adequate understanding of the NO interacting chemistry is a prerequisite for a smoother transition to carbon-lean and carbon-free fuels such as ammonia and hydrogen. In this regard, this study presents a comprehensive study on the H atom abstraction by NO from C to C alkynes, dienes, and trienes forming 3 HNO isomers (i.e.

Ten-Year Change in Visual Function and Incidence of Visual Impairment in Highly Myopic Children and Adults.

Purpose: To investigate the 10-year changes in visual function and incidence of visual impairment (VI) in highly myopic eyes.

Methods: This longitudinal study enrolled highly myopic individuals who were followed up for 10 years. All participants underwent detailed ophthalmic examinations at baseline and follow-up visits.