Nano-mupirocin as tumor-targeted antibiotic: Physicochemical, immunotoxicological and pharmacokinetic characterization, and effect on gut microbiome.

Nano-mupirocin is a PEGylated nano-liposomal formulation of the antibiotic mupirocin, undergoing evaluation for treating infectious diseases and intratumor bacteria. Intratumoral microbiota play an important role in the regulation of tumor progression and therapeutic efficacy. However, antibiotic use to target intratumoral bacteria should be performed in a way that will not affect the gut microbiota, found to enable the efficacy of cancer treatments.

subsp. RadD binds Siglec-7 and inhibits NK cell-mediated cancer cell killing.

is an oral commensal bacterium that can colonize extraoral tumor entities, such as colorectal cancer and breast cancer. Recent studies revealed its ability to modulate the immune response in the tumor microenvironment (TME), promoting cancer progression and metastasis. Importantly, subsp.

Pregnancy trained decidual NK cells protect pregnancies from harmful Fusobacterium nucleatum infection.

Natural killer cells (NKs) found during pregnancy at the maternal-fetal interface named decidual (d)NKs, show signs of education following first pregnancy, resulting in better placentation and fetus-growth, hence termed pregnancy trained dNKs (PTdNKs). Here we show that PTdNKs provide increased protection of the fetus from Fusobacterium nucleatum (FN) infection. We demonstrate that PTdNKs secrete elevated amounts of the bacteriocidal protein granulysin (GNLY) upon incubation with FN compared to dNKs derived from first pregnancies, which leads to increased killing of FN.

Autoimmune amelogenesis imperfecta in patients with APS-1 and coeliac disease.

Ameloblasts are specialized epithelial cells in the jaw that have an indispensable role in tooth enamel formation-amelogenesis. Amelogenesis depends on multiple ameloblast-derived proteins that function as a scaffold for hydroxyapatite crystals. The loss of function of ameloblast-derived proteins results in a group of rare congenital disorders called amelogenesis imperfecta.

Impact of dietary interventions on pre-diabetic oral and gut microbiome, metabolites and cytokines.

Diabetes and associated comorbidities are a global health threat on the rise. We conducted a six-month dietary intervention in pre-diabetic individuals (NCT03222791), to mitigate the hyperglycemia and enhance metabolic health. The current work explores early diabetes markers in the 200 individuals who completed the trial.

Studying TIGIT activity against tumors through the generation of knockout mice.

The use of antibodies to block inhibitory receptors, primarily anti-PD1 and CTLA4 (known as checkpoint therapy) revolutionized cancer treatment. However, despite these successes, the majority of cancer patients do not respond to the checkpoint treatment, emphasizing the need for development of additional therapies, which are based on other inhibitory receptors. Human TIGIT is an inhibitory receptor expressed by Natural Killer (NK) and T cells and is mainly known to interact with PVR, Nectin-2, Nectin-3, and Nectin-4.

Multiphoton Microscopy of FITC-labelled in a Mouse in vivo Model of Breast Cancer.

Over the past decades, the main techniques used to visualize bacteria in tissue have improved but are still mainly based on indirect recognition of bacteria. Both microscopy and molecular recognition are being improved, but most procedures for bacteria detection in tissue involve extensive damage. Here, we describe a method to visualize bacteria in tissue slices from an in vivo model of breast cancer.

High mannose level in bladder cancer enhances type 1 fimbria-mediated attachment of uropathogenic .

Bladder cancer is the 4 leading cancer in men. Tumor resection followed by bladder instillation of Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) is the primary treatment for high-risk patients with Non-Muscle Invasive Bladder Cancer (NMIBC) to prevent recurrence and progression to muscle-invasive disease. This treatment, however, lacks efficiency and causes severe adverse effects.

Periodontal Classification Revisited: The Classification System in the Test of Time.

At the EuroPerio conference held in Amsterdam in 2018, an update to the previous classification of periodontal diseases was presented. The update was a joint effort of the American Academy of Periodontology (AAP) and the European Federation of Periodontology (EFP). On the face of it, the new classification system for diagnosing periodontal diseases and conditions is merely an update of previous definitions from 1999.

Candida albicans evades NK cell elimination via binding of Agglutinin-Like Sequence proteins to the checkpoint receptor TIGIT.

Candida albicans is the most common fungal pathogen and a prevalent cause of deadly bloodstream infections. Better understanding of the immune response against it, and the ways by which it evades immunity, are crucial for developing new therapeutics against it. Natural Killer (NK) cells are innate lymphocytes best known for their role against viruses and tumors.

Placental colonization by Fusobacterium nucleatum is mediated by binding of the Fap2 lectin to placentally displayed Gal-GalNAc.

While the existence of an indigenous placental microbiota remains controversial, several pathogens are known to be involved in adverse pregnancy outcomes. Fusobacterium nucleatum is an oral bacterium that is one of several bacteria associated with preterm birth. Oral fusobacteria translocate to the placenta hematogenously; however, the mechanisms localizing them to the placenta remain unclear.

Fusobacterium nucleatum and cancer.

Accumulating evidence demonstrates that the oral pathobiont Fusobacterium nucleatum is involved in the progression of an increasing number of tumors types. Thus far, the mechanisms underlying tumor exacerbation by F. nucleatum include the enhancement of proliferation, establishment of a tumor-promoting immune environment, induction of chemoresistance, and the activation of immune checkpoints.

Perceptions and Attitudes Toward the Use of a Mobile Health App for Remote Monitoring of Gingivitis and Willingness to Pay for Mobile Health Apps (Part 3): Mixed Methods Study.

Background: Gum infection, known as gingivitis, is a global issue. Gingivitis does not cause pain; however, if left untreated, it can worsen, leading to bad breath, bleeding gums, and even tooth loss, as the problem spreads to the underlying structures anchoring the teeth in the jaws. The asymptomatic nature of gingivitis leads people to postpone dental appointments until clinical signs are obvious or pain is evident.

Using an mHealth App (iGAM) to Reduce Gingivitis Remotely (Part 2): Prospective Observational Study.

Background: Gingivitis is a nonpainful, inflammatory condition that can be managed at home. Left untreated, gingivitis can lead to tooth loss. Periodic dental examinations are important for early diagnosis and treatment of gum diseases.

CEACAM1 Activation by CbpF-Expressing .

Recent studies on the oral, anaerobic, gram-negative bacterium revealed its presence and involvement in colorectal, esophageal and breast cancer. We previously demonstrated that binds and activates the human inhibitory receptors TIGIT and CEACAM1 leading to inhibition of T and NK cell anti-tumor immunity. CEACAM1 was found to be bound and activated by the fusobacterial trimeric autotransporter adhesin CbpF.

CbpF Mediates Inhibition of T Cell Function Through CEACAM1 Activation.

is an anaerobic bacterium that is associated with several tumor entities and promotes tumorigenesis. Recent evidence suggests that binds the inhibitory receptor carcinoembryonic antigen cell adhesion molecule 1 (CEACAM1) the trimeric autotransporter adhesin CbpF. However, whether this binding is functional or whether other fusobacterial trimeric autotransporter adhesins are involved in CEACAM1 activation is unknown.

The inhibitory receptor CD300a is essential for neutrophil-mediated clearance of urinary tract infection in mice.

Neutrophils play a crucial role in immune defense against and clearance of uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC)-mediated urinary tract infection, the most common bacterial infection in healthy humans. CD300a is an inhibitory receptor that binds phosphatidylserine and phosphatidylethanolamine, presented on the membranes of apoptotic cells. CD300a binding to phosphatidylserine and phosphatidylethanolamine, also known as the "eat me" signal, mediates immune tolerance to dying cells.

Back to Amido Black: Uncovering touch DNA in blood-contaminated fingermarks.

Blood-contaminated fingermarks (FMs) found in violent crime scenes may directly connect the suspect to the crime by linking the FM to the suspect and the DNA from the blood to the victim. However, marks that are incomparable are considered "dead-evidence" as the link to the suspect is lost. In this study, a novel approach was attempted to uncover the trace amount of touch DNA of the suspect in such marks.

Oral Health Care Delivery for Children During COVID-19 Pandemic-A Retrospective Study.

COVID-19 outbreak and the lockdown period following was a very challenging time for pediatric dentistry. We aimed to find whether the characteristics of dental care provided to children at the Department of Pediatric Dentistry at Hadassah medical center, Jerusalem, Israel, differed between the periods, before COVID-19 outbreak, during the lockdown period and during the period that followed it. We retrospectively reviewed computerized records of patients who visited the pediatric dental clinic at three different periods: pre-lockdown period, lockdown period, and post-lockdown period.

Regenerative endodontic treatment of an immature permanent canine - A case report of a 13-year follow-up.

Data on long term survival and tooth stability after regenerative endodontic treatment are missing. The purpose of the present report is to describe regenerative endodontic treatment of a permanent mandibular canine with extensive coronal hypoplasia, immature root, and a periapical radiolucency. The regenerative endodontic treatment was initiated by irrigation of the root canal, followed by three weeks of triple antibiotic paste dressing and the creation of a blood clot scaffold covered with mineral trioxide aggregate.

Bacteriophage manipulation of the microbiome associated with tumour microenvironments-can this improve cancer therapeutic response?

Some cancer treatment failures have been attributed to the tumour microbiota, with implications that microbiota manipulation may improve treatment efficacy. While antibiotics have been used to control bacterial growth, their dysbiotic effects on the microbiome, failure to penetrate biofilms and decreased efficacy due to increasing antimicrobial resistance by bacteria, suggest alternatives are needed. Bacteriophages may provide a precise means for targeting oncobacteria whose relative abundance is increased in tumour tissue microbiomes.