Primary Tumor Staging for Oral Cancer and a Proposed Modification Incorporating Perineural Invasion: An International Multicenter Study.

The objective of this study is to determine if the incorporation of perineural invasion (PNI) into the T-classification would improve the prognostic performance of TNM-8. An international, multicenter study of 1049 patients with oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma that were treated from 1994 to 2018 is performed. Various classification models are developed within each T-category and evaluated using the Harrel-concordance index (C-index), Akaike-information criterion (AIC), and visual inspection.

Pembrolizumab for locally advanced and recurrent/metastatic cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (KEYNOTE-629 study): an open-label, nonrandomized, multicenter, phase II trial.

Background: Pembrolizumab demonstrated clinically meaningful and durable antitumor activity with a manageable safety profile in recurrent/metastatic (R/M) cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC).

Patients And Methods: KEYNOTE-629 was a global, open-label, nonrandomized, phase II trial of patients with locally advanced (LA) or R/M cSCC conducted at 59 centers. Eligible patients received intravenous pembrolizumab 200 mg every 3 weeks for up to 35 cycles.

Can Tonsillectomy Be Safely Performed by Residents? A Comparative Retrospective Study.

Objective: To assess whether a surgeon's level of training is associated with outcomes in pediatric tonsillectomy.

Design: A retrospective cohort study of the outcomes of pediatric tonsillectomies performed between 2006 and 2016 by senior surgeons versus resident surgeons under the supervision of senior surgeons.

Setting: An otolaryngology department in a tertiary academic hospital.

Inlay triple- "C" tympanoplasty: a comparative study for its use in large, marginal perforations.

Objective And Intervention: To compare the efficacy of the inlay, composite chondroperichondrial clip (triple-C) tympanoplasty with conventional underlay cartilage island tympanoplasty, and to evaluate its efficacy in treating large, marginal perforations.

Study Design: The study involved 183 patients that were selected from a retrospective chart review of tympanoplasties performed at our center from March 2016 to June 2018.

Setting: A tertiary referral center hospital.

Treatment after progression in the era of immunotherapy.

Immunotherapy represents a paradigm shift in oncology treatment. The goal of immunotherapy is to overcome immunosuppression induced by a tumour and its microenvironment, thereby allowing the immune system to target and kill cancer cells. The immunotherapy era began when the first immune checkpoint inhibitor, ipilimumab, was approved for use almost a decade ago.

The Purification and Characterization of Exosomes from Macrophages.

Macrophages play an essential role in diverse biological processes, from the immune response to inflammatory and neurodegenerative disorders, to various cancers. A macrophage subpopulation, known as tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), has been shown to promote tumorigenesis, metastasis, and immune escape of cancer cells. Some of the pro-tumorigenic effects of TAMs are mediated via the secretion of nano-vesicles (exosomes) from macrophages to neighboring cells.

Perineural Invasion is a Better Prognostic Indicator than Lymphovascular Invasion and a Potential Adjuvant Therapy Indicator for pN0M0 Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma.

Background: Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) at pN0M0 can be more locally aggressive and disseminated than those with lymph node and distant metastasis. Perineural invasion (PNI) is reported as a poor prognostic factor in cancer and is thought to be related to regional tumor spread and metastasis. However, its clinicopathological role and meaning for treatment in pN0M0 ESCC are unknown.

Cold versus hot adenoidectomy: A prospective, randomized controlled trial.

Objective: Adenoidectomy can be performed using the cold method (mainly adenoid curettes) or the hot method (suction diathermy). Both techniques have similar intra and postoperative outcomes. However, the long-term clinical outcome of improving sleep disorder symptoms has not been well established.

Endoscopic Septoplasty Versus Traditional Septoplasty for Treating Deviated Nasal Septum: A Prospective, Randomized Controlled Trial.

Importance: This is the first randomized study to compare the quality of life of patients undergoing endoscopic septoplasty compared to traditional trans-nasal trans-speculum (TNTS) septoplasty.

Objective: To assess the clinical outcomes and quality of life results of endoscopic versus TNTS septoplasty in patients with septal deviation and nasal obstruction.

Design: A prospective, randomized controlled trial comparing 2 approaches of septoplasty: endoscopic and TNTS septoplasty performed in a single institution during the years 2016 to2017.

Contemporary Multidisciplinary Management of Sinonasal Mucosal Melanoma.

Sinonasal mucosal melanoma (SNMM) is a rare tumor, comprising less than 10% of sinonasal malignancies. SNMM most frequently occurs in the nasal cavity (70%) and maxillary sinus (14%), typically as black patches. Overall, SNMM harbors a very poor prognosis; 5-year survival is less than 30%.

RET, a targetable driver of pancreatic adenocarcinoma.

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) remains a deadly disease, affecting about 40,000 individuals in the United States annually. We aimed to characterize the role of RET as a co-driver of pancreas tumorigenesis. To assess the role of RET as a co-driver of PDA, we generated a novel triple mutant transgenic mouse based on the cre-activated p53 gene and a constitutively active RET mutant (PRC).

Modified ex utero intrapartum treatment procedure in a bicornuate uterus breech presentation Pierre Robin fetus with severe micrognathia and cleft palate.

Thorough prenatal evaluation allows for identification of fetuses with compromised airway. The ex utero intrapartum treatment procedure enables maintaining uteroplacental circulation during cesarean section while securing a potentially obstructed fetal airway, converting a potentially catastrophic situation into a controlled one. An expert multidisciplinary team is the key to success.

An Algorithm for Improving Hospital Performance Measures: A Department-centered Approach.

In recent years, it has become increasingly important to improve efficiency and economic balance in hospitals. The department chairperson (or Chair) contends with a production function consisting of inputs and outcomes, rife with managerial constraints. These constraints can be reduced with proper management by diverting resources and activity.

Facial vein thrombophlebitis: A case report and literature review.

Septic thrombophlebitis of the facial vein (STFN) commonly presents with facial erythema, tenderness, and swelling above the involved vessel. Due to its rarity, diagnosis and treatment remain a challenge. Lemierre syndrome (LS), which consists of a triad of internal jugular vein thrombophlebitis, septicemia, and distant septic emboli, is a more common entity of which physicians are more familiar.

Post-translational Regulation of Radioactive Iodine Therapy Response in Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma.

Background: Radioactive iodine (RAI) is the mainstay of treatment for differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC). Nevertheless, the mechanism of RAI resistance that occurs in many patients with DTC remains unknown. We aimed to elucidate the role of post-translational regulation of radioiodine uptake.

Minimally Invasive Surgery for Resection of Parapharyngeal Space Tumors.

 Surgical removal of parapharyngeal space tumors (PPST) poses challenges due to the complex anatomy of the region. PPSTs are routinely resected by a transcervical approach using blind finger dissection. Large PPSTs or those located high at the skull base, often require transmandibular or infratemporal fossa approaches, associated with considerable morbidity.

Iatrogenic seeding of osteosarcoma in a tracheotomy tract - a case report.

Here, we describe the first reported case of osteosarcoma occurring postsurgically in a tracheotomy tract, highlighting the possibility of osteosarcoma seeding during head and neck surgery. Preventative measures such as performing the tracheostomy after the tumor resection while walling off the tracheostomy site from the operative field should be considered.

Unilateral Vocal Cord Paralysis of a Great Jewish Opera Singer.

George London was one of the most compelling vocal artists of the early twentieth century. At the age of 47, the great bass-baritone retired from singing. It has been suggested that the premature ending of his operatic career was due to unilateral vocal cord palsy (UVCP).