Multicenter Assessment of CT Pneumonia Analysis Prototype for Predicting Disease Severity and Patient Outcome.

To perform a multicenter assessment of the CT Pneumonia Analysis prototype for predicting disease severity and patient outcome in COVID-19 pneumonia both without and with integration of clinical information. Our IRB-approved observational study included consecutive 241 adult patients (> 18 years; 105 females; 136 males) with RT-PCR-positive COVID-19 pneumonia who underwent non-contrast chest CT at one of the two tertiary care hospitals (site A: Massachusetts General Hospital, USA; site B: Firoozgar Hospital Iran). We recorded patient age, gender, comorbid conditions, laboratory values, intensive care unit (ICU) admission, mechanical ventilation, and final outcome (recovery or death).

Plastic Surgical Management of Hidradenitis Suppurativa.

Learning Objectives: After studying this article, the participant should be able to: 1. Describe the pathogenesis of hidradenitis suppurativa. 2.

Orthopaedic Manifestations of Amyloidosis.

Amyloidosis is a disorder of misfolded proteins in human tissues, which can result in morbid cardiac and neurological disease. Historically, the utility of tissue biopsy during orthopaedic procedures to detect amyloidosis has been limited because no disease-modifying therapies were available; however, new drug therapies have recently emerged for the treatment of amyloidosis. Although these novel pharmaceuticals show promise for slowing disease progression, they are primarily effective in the early stages of amyloidosis, underscoring the importance of early diagnosis.

Artificial intelligence matches subjective severity assessment of pneumonia for prediction of patient outcome and need for mechanical ventilation: a cohort study.

To compare the performance of artificial intelligence (AI) and Radiographic Assessment of Lung Edema (RALE) scores from frontal chest radiographs (CXRs) for predicting patient outcomes and the need for mechanical ventilation in COVID-19 pneumonia. Our IRB-approved study included 1367 serial CXRs from 405 adult patients (mean age 65 ± 16 years) from two sites in the US (Site A) and South Korea (Site B). We recorded information pertaining to patient demographics (age, gender), smoking history, comorbid conditions (such as cancer, cardiovascular and other diseases), vital signs (temperature, oxygen saturation), and available laboratory data (such as WBC count and CRP).

Skin testing and drug challenge in the evaluation of drug hypersensitivity reactions.

Immediate hypersensitivity to drugs is characterized by symptoms such as hives, swelling, and wheezing. To prevent a negative impact on care, assessment by an allergist is important. Evaluation requires a clear clinical history, but it is often lacking or vague, which makes a diagnosis difficult.

Association of Academic Physiatrists Women's Task Force Follow-up Report.

The Association of Academic Physiatrists convened a Women's Task Force in 2016, under the leadership of then Association of Academic Physiatrists President Gerard Francisco, MD, to evaluate data and metrics pertaining to the representation and inclusion of female physiatrists in the society. An initial published report focused on a retrospective analysis of data in categories such as leadership, conference presentations, and recognition awards. The findings, which highlighted areas in which the Association of Academic Physiatrists had been successful in supporting gender equity as well as areas in which female physiatrists were underrepresented, provided a base from which to strategically focus on closing gaps in representation.

Dental Services Utilization by Rurality Among Privately Insured Children in the United States.

The purpose of this study was to determine differences in dental services received between rural and urban residents in a national sample of children with private insurance. This was a retrospective study of deidentified claims data from a major national private insurer. Children younger than 18 years of age enrolled throughout 2018 and who had at least one visit to the dentist that year were included.

Lifetime Prevalence of Cervical Cancer Screening in 55 Low- and Middle-Income Countries.

Importance: The World Health Organization is developing a global strategy to eliminate cervical cancer, with goals for screening prevalence among women aged 30 through 49 years. However, evidence on prevalence levels of cervical cancer screening in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) is sparse.

Objective: To determine lifetime cervical cancer screening prevalence in LMICs and its variation across and within world regions and countries.

Correlation Between Social Media Posts and Academic Citations of Orthopaedic Research.

Introduction: The objectives of this study were to quantify adoption of social media for the dissemination of original research in orthopaedic research and to determine the correlation between academic citations and social medial posts among recent orthopaedic publications.

Methods: An Internet-based study was performed of 835 articles from three orthopaedic journals from 2018 to 2019. The number of academic citations for each article was determined using Google Scholar and Web of Science.

Computed Tomography Radiomics Can Predict Disease Severity and Outcome in Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pneumonia.

Purpose: This study aimed to assess if computed tomography (CT) radiomics can predict the severity and outcome of patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pneumonia.

Methods: This institutional ethical board-approved study included 92 patients (mean age, 59 ± 17 years; 57 men, 35 women) with positive reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction assay for COVID-19 infection who underwent noncontrast chest CT. Two radiologists evaluated all chest CT examinations and recorded opacity type, distribution, and extent of lobar involvement.

A Positive Psychology-Motivational Interviewing Intervention to Promote Positive Affect and Physical Activity in Type 2 Diabetes: The BEHOLD-8 Controlled Clinical Trial.

Objective: Physical activity is associated with superior health outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D), but most T2D patients do not follow physical activity recommendations. The objective of this study was to assess the feasibility and impact of a novel combined positive psychology-motivational interviewing (PP-MI) intervention to promote physical activity in T2D.

Methods: This controlled clinical trial compared an 8-week, phone-delivered PP-MI intervention to an attention-matched MI-enhanced behavioral counseling condition among 60 participants with T2D and suboptimal moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA; <150 min/wk).

Mortality Risk Factors in Preterm Infants Treated with High-Frequency Jet Ventilation.

Background: High-frequency jet ventilation (HFJV) has been used in conjunction with conventional ventilation for premature infants with respiratory failure. We sought to identify parameters that were associated with mortality in subjects who underwent HFJV.

Methods: Subjects were enrolled if birthweight was ≤ 2,000 g and they were ≤ 34 weeks gestational age.

The Alzheimer Disease-Causing Presenilin-1 L435F Mutation Causes Increased Production of Soluble Aβ43 Species in Patient-Derived iPSC-Neurons, Closely Mimicking Matched Patient Brain Tissue.

Familial Alzheimer disease-causing mutations in Presenilin 1 (PSEN1) are generally thought to shift the processing of APP toward longer, more amyloidogenic Aβ fragments. However, certain PSEN1 mutations cause severe reduction in gamma secretase function when expressed in the homozygous state, thus challenging the amyloid hypothesis. We sought to evaluate the effects of one such mutation, PSEN1 L435F, in more physiologic conditions and genetic contexts by using human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived neurons from an individual with familial AD (fAD) linked to the PSEN1 L435F mutation, and compared the biochemical phenotype of the iPS-derived neurons with brain tissue obtained at autopsy from the same patient.

Alcohol-Related Dermatitis: A Review.

: Wine, beer, liquor, and spirits are widely consumed in many cultures across the globe, and for some individuals, ingestion, cutaneous contact, or other exposure can lead to dermatologic findings. However, there currently exist no comprehensive reviews on alcohol-related dermatitis. Herein, we will provide an overview of alcohol-related dermatitis and contact urticaria, including the epidemiology and clinical manifestations, potential allergens found in alcoholic beverages, testing approaches, and strategies for allergen avoidance.

A Listening Tour: Pediatric Clinical Ethics Rounds.

A two-year rounding program was initiated by the clinical ethics consult service (CECS) to improve ethics program integration and utilization at our 323-bed tertiary care pediatric hospital. Two critical variables were identified for improvement. One: identification of cases in which an ethics consult would have benefited clinical care but was not requested.

Standards for reporting on surgery for chronic pancreatitis: a report from the International Study Group for Pancreatic Surgery (ISGPS).

Background: The International Study Group for Pancreatic Surgery provides globally accepted definitions for reporting of complications after pancreatic surgery. This International Study Group for Pancreatic Surgery project aims to provide a standardized framework for reporting of the results of operative treatment for chronic pancreatitis.

Methods: An International Study Group for Pancreatic Surgery project circulation list was created with pre-existing and new members and including gastroenterologists in addition to surgeons.

CT protocols and radiation doses for hematuria and urinary stones: Comparing practices in 20 countries.

Purpose: Patients with hematuria and renal colic often undergo CT scanning. The purpose of our study was to assess variations in CT protocols and radiation doses for evaluation of hematuria and urinary stones in 20 countries.

Method: The International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) surveyed practices in 51 hospitals from 20 countries in the European region according to the IAEA Technical cooperation classification and obtained following information for three CT protocols (urography, urinary stones, and routine abdomen-pelvis CT) for 1276 patients: patient information (weight, clinical indication), scanner information (scan vendor, scanner name, number of detector rows), scan parameters (such as number of phases, scan start and end locations, mA, kV), and radiation dose descriptors (CTDI, DLP).

An acute immune response underlies the benefit of cardiac stem cell therapy.

Clinical trials using adult stem cells to regenerate damaged heart tissue continue to this day, despite ongoing questions of efficacy and a lack of mechanistic understanding of the underlying biological effect. The rationale for these cell therapy trials is derived from animal studies that show a modest but reproducible improvement in cardiac function in models of cardiac ischaemic injury. Here we examine the mechanistic basis for cell therapy in mice after ischaemia-reperfusion injury, and find that-although heart function is enhanced-it is not associated with the production of new cardiomyocytes.

Path to Prevention of Spinal Trauma in a Low- to Middle-income Country: A Single-center Study in Phnom Penh, Cambodia.

This study sought to characterize the epidemiology and outcomes of spinal trauma, with or without a neurologic deficit, at a major government hospital in Phnom Penh, Cambodia. Patient demographics, American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) score on presentation, location of injury, and cause of injury from 316 patients from September 2013 through December 2016 were compiled. Outcome measures included length of hospitalization and surgical intervention.

Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation: Trends in Graduate Medical Education and Subspecialization Amid Changing Demographics.

With an aging and growing US population, American healthcare faces an impending physician shortage. This is important for the field of physical medicine and rehabilitation, because physiatrists' skills in managing chronic conditions and functional outcomes are especially relevant to an older population. The present study was designed to better understand the future physical medicine and rehabilitation workforce, by recording and analyzing the quantities of Accreditation Council of Graduate Medical Education-accredited physical medicine and rehabilitation graduate medical education programs and positions between 2001-2002 and 2017-2018.

How Should We Decide Whether and When Some Care Is Better Than No Care?

This case of cleft lip and palate repair by a surgical mission team is common. Low-risk, single-procedure surgical interventions requiring minimal follow-up with substantial quality of life improvement are well suited for this type of mission. However, cleft repair can also be quite complex and require multiple surgeries and other care over time, postoperative surveillance, and speech therapy.