AMP kinase: A promising therapeutic drug target for post-COVID-19 complications.

The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by SARS-CoV-2, has resulted in severe respiratory issues and persistent complications, particularly affecting glucose metabolism. Patients with or without pre-existing diabetes often experience worsened symptoms, highlighting the need for innovative therapeutic approaches. AMPK, a crucial regulator of cellular energy balance, plays a pivotal role in glucose metabolism, insulin sensitivity, and inflammatory responses.

In Silico and ADMET Studies of Spiro-Quinazoline Compounds as Acetylcholine Esterase Inhibitors Against Alzheimer's Disease.

Background: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a prevalent neurodegenerative condition characterized by progressive cognitive decline and memory impairment resulting from the degeneration and death of brain neurons. Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors are used in primary pharmacotherapy for numerous neurodegenerative conditions, providing their capacity to modulate acetylcholine levels crucial for cognitive function. Recently, quinazoline derivatives have emerged as a compelling model for neurodegenerative disease treatment, showcasing promising pharmacological features.

Dual role of microRNA-31 in human cancers; focusing on cancer pathogenesis and signaling pathways.

Widespread changes in the expression of microRNAs in cancer result in abnormal gene expression for the miRNAs that control those genes, which in turn causes changes to entire molecular networks and pathways. The frequently altered miR-31, which is found in a wide range of cancers, is one cancer-related miRNA that is particularly intriguing. MiR-31 has a very complicated set of biological functions, and depending on the type of tumor, it may act both as a tumor suppressor and an oncogene.

Artificial Intelligence in The Management of Neurodegenerative Disorders.

Neurodegenerative disorders are characterized by a gradual but irreversible loss of neurological function. The ability to detect and treat these conditions successfully is crucial for ensuring the best possible quality of life for people who suffer from them. The development of effective new methods for managing and treating neurodegenerative illnesses has been made possible by recent developments in computer technology.

Contemporary avenues of the Hydrogen industry: Opportunities and challenges in the eco-friendly approach.

Hydrogen (H) is a possible energy transporter and feedstock for energy decarbonization, transportation, and chemical sectors while reducing global warming's consequences. The predominant commercial method for producing H today is steam methane reforming (SMR). However, there is still room for development in process intensification, energy optimization, and environmental concerns related to CO emissions.

Plant-assisted synthesis and characterization of MnO nanoparticles for removal of crystal violet dye: an environmental remedial approach.

The current study is focused on the use of the Caryota mitis Lour. (Fishtail palm) flower extract as a reducing agent for the preparation of manganese dioxide (MnO) nanoparticles. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), four-phase infrared analysis (FT-IR), and x-ray diffraction (XRD) methods were used to characterize the MnO nanoparticles.

RETRACTED: The pathogenicity of COVID-19 and the role of pentraxin-3: An updated review study.

This article has been retracted: please see Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal (https://www.elsevier.com/about/policies/article-withdrawal).

Dithymoquinone Analogues as Potential Candidate(s) for Neurological Manifestation Associated with COVID-19: A Therapeutic Strategy for Neuro-COVID.

The COVID-19 era has prompted several researchers to search for a linkage between COVID-19 and its associated neurological manifestation. Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR-4) acts as one such connecting link. spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 can bind either to ACE-2 receptors or to TLR-4 receptors, leading to aggregation of α-synuclein and neurodegeneration via the activation of various cascades in neurons.

Oleuropein as a Potent Compound against Neurological Complications Linked with COVID-19: A Computational Biology Approach.

The association of COVID-19 with neurological complications is a well-known fact, and researchers are endeavoring to investigate the mechanistic perspectives behind it. SARS-CoV-2 can bind to Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR-4) that would eventually lead to α-synuclein aggregation in neurons and stimulation of neurodegeneration pathways. Olive leaves have been reported as a promising phytotherapy or co-therapy against COVID-19, and oleuropein is one of the major active components of olive leaves.

Carvacrol protects against carbonyl osmolyte-induced structural modifications and aggregation to serum albumin: Insights from physicochemical and molecular interaction studies.

The robust use of osmolytes (i.e., polyols and sugars) in the key therapeutic regimens/formulations has questioned their impact beyond the stability of therapeutic proteins as these osmolytes trigger structural alterations into proteins including misfolding and subsequent aggregation into amyloid fibrils.

Alginate-Based Hydrogels and Tubes, as Biological Macromolecule-Based Platforms for Peripheral Nerve Tissue Engineering: A Review.

Unlike the central nervous system, the peripheral nervous system (PNS) has an inherent capacity to regenerate following injury. However, in the case of large nerve defects where end-to-end cooptation of two nerve stumps is not tension-free, autologous nerve grafting is often utilized to bridge the nerve gaps. To address the challenges associated with autologous nerve grafting, neural guidance channels (NGCs) have been successfully translated into clinic.

Role of ACE2 receptor and the landscape of treatment options from convalescent plasma therapy to the drug repurposing in COVID-19.

Since the first case reports in Wuhan, China, the SARS-CoV-2 has caused a pandemic and took lives of > 8,35,000 people globally. This single-stranded RNA virus uses Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) as a receptor for entry into the host cell. Overexpression of ACE2 is mainly observed in hypertensive, diabetic and heart patients that make them prone to SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Pharmacological approaches to mitigate neuroinflammation in Alzheimer's disease.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is one of the most prevalent neurodegenerative diseases characterized by the formation of extracellular amyloid beta (Aβ) plaques and intracellular neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs). Growing evidence suggested that there is an association between neuronal dysfunction and neuroinflammation (NI) in AD, coordinated by the chronic activation of astrocytes and microglial cells along with the subsequent excessive generation of the proinflammatory molecule. Therefore, a better understanding of the relationship between the nervous and immune systems is important in order to delay or avert the neurodegenerative events of AD.

Discovery of a Novel Connecting Link between Renin-Angiotensin System and Cancer in Barrett's Esophagus by Proteomic Screening.

The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) plays a central role in the regulation of homeostasis and blood pressure. This involves an important enzyme called angiotensin-converting enzyme that leads to the conversion of angiotensin I into angiotensin II. RAS has been reported to show association with inflammation, and in sporadic studies, with cancer.

Nano-Based Therapy for Treatment of Skin Cancer.

Background: According to the World Health Organization, skin cancer is the most common malignancy for the population. Conventional skin cancer treatment includes surgery and chemotherapy, but many of the chemotherapeutic agents used present undesirable properties. There are a number of patents on topical nano formulation like nanoparticle (US9757453; US9457041), liposomes (US2018177726 (A1), has been covered in this review in the treatment of skin cancer.

Formulation and evaluation of nano lipid formulation containing CNS acting drug: molecular docking, in-vitro assessment and bioactivity detail in rats.

The study performed molecular docking, formulated, characterized thymoquinone (TQ) loaded solid lipid nano particles (TQSLN) and exhibited comparative antidepressant activity. TQ loaded nano lipid formulations were prepared by solvent injection methods and characterize for different in-vitro parameters. The optimized formulation was evaluated for depression using unpredictable chronic mild stress (UCMS) model for a period of six weeks.

Formulation and optimization of levofloxacin loaded chitosan nanoparticle for ocular delivery: In-vitro characterization, ocular tolerance and antibacterial activity.

In this study, chitosan nanoparticles (CH-NPs) were used to encapsulate antibacterial agent levofloxacin for the treatment of ocular infection. The chitosan nanoparticles were prepared by ionic gelation method using chitosan and sodium tripolyphosphate. The developed formulations were evaluated for various physicochemical parameters and optimized formulation was converted into the sol-gel system to enhance the corneal residence time.

Nanoemulsion for the Effective Treatment and Management of Anti-tubercular Drug Therapy.

Background: Tuberculosis is considered as one of the deadliest diseases of human existence. Since ancient age the treatment of tuberculosis has been highly challenging primarily owing to the pathogenic nature of the Mycobacterium and its diverse spots of localization in human body including lungs, liver, spleen, eye, meninges and lymph nodes.

Methods: The conventional drug therapy employed for the treatment of tuberculosis is not highly satisfactorily owing to low oral bioavailability of the drugs.

Formulation by design based risperidone nano soft lipid vesicle as a new strategy for enhanced transdermal drug delivery: In-vitro characterization, and in-vivo appraisal.

The present study was designed to formulate and optimize transdermal risperidone soft lipid vesicles. The formulation optimized with phospholipid, safranal and ethanol were incorporated as permeation and absorption enhancers. The optimized risperidone soft lipid vesicle was further evaluated for skin irritation study, in-vivo pharmacokinetic study and locomotor activity.

Nonionic surfactant based thymoquinone loaded nanoproniosomal formulation: in vitro physicochemical evaluation and in vivo hepatoprotective efficacy.

Context: The present study was carried out to formulate thymoquinone proniosomal formulation (TQP) and evaluate their efficacy in methotrexate (Mtx) induced hepatotoxicity in rats.

Objective: The objective of the study was to explore a new therapeutic approach focusing on hepatoprotective activity using thymoquinone proniosomal formulation.

Material And Methods: TQP was formulated using span60, cholesterol and phospholipid by film hydration technique.

Formulation and Optimization of Candesartan Cilexetil Nano Lipid Carrier: In Vitro and In Vivo Evaluation.

Purpose: The objective of this study was to formulate and optimize Candesartan Cilexetil (CC) loaded nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) for enhanced oral bioavailability.

Method: Glycerol monostearate (GMS), Oleic acid, Tween 80 and Span 40 were selected as a solid lipid, liquid lipid, surfactant and co- surfactant, respectively. The CC-NLCs were prepared by hot emulsion probe sonication technique and optimized using experimental design approach.

Carvedilol nano lipid carriers: formulation, characterization and in-vivo evaluation.

The purpose of this study was to develop Carvedilol nanostructured lipid carriers (CAR-NLCs) using stearic acid and oleic acid as lipid, and to estimate the potential as oral delivery system for poorly water soluble drug. The particle-size analysis revealed that all the developed formulations were within the nanometer range. The EE and loading were found to be between 69.