Unplanned Return to the Operating Room After Tube Shunt Surgery.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the rate of unplanned returns to the operating room (OR) within 180 days and at any time postoperatively after valved and non-valved tube shunt surgery.

Design: Retrospective case-control study.

Methods: A review of 357 eyes that underwent tube shunt surgery (151 valved, 206 non-valved) was conducted at an academic glaucoma service between January 2014 and December 2016.

A method to quantify regional axonal transport blockade at the optic nerve head after short term intraocular pressure elevation in mice.

Axonal transport blockade is an initial step in retinal ganglion cell (RGC) degeneration in glaucoma and targeting maintenance of normal axonal transport could confer neuroprotection. We present an objective, quantitative method for assessing axonal transport blockade in mouse glaucoma models. Intraocular pressure (IOP) was elevated unilaterally in CD1 mice for 3 days using intracameral microbead injection.

Age-Related Changes in Quantitative Strain of Mouse Astrocytic Lamina Cribrosa and Peripapillary Sclera Using Confocal Microscopy in an Explant Model.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to measure the full-field deformation response to IOP change in the peripapillary sclera (PPS) and astrocytic lamina cribrosa (ALC) of young and old mouse eyes ex vivo.

Methods: Thirty-eight transgenic reporter mice with green fluorescent protein-expressing astrocytes were studied at 2 to 4 months and 13 to 15 months old. The ALC and PPS of the explant eyes were imaged using laser scanning microscopy under controlled inflation from 10 to 30 mm Hg.

Eight-Year Incidence of Open-Angle Glaucoma in the Tema Eye Survey.

Purpose: To determine the incidence of open-angle glaucoma (OAG) and its risk factors in the Tema Eye Survey in Ghana, West Africa.

Design: Longitudinal, observational population-based study.

Participants: One thousand two hundred five of 1500 participants 40 years of age or older selected randomly from 5603 participants originally drawn from the population and who had undergone a baseline examination.

Evaluation of Automated Segmentation Algorithms for Optic Nerve Head Structures in Optical Coherence Tomography Images.

Purpose: To compare the identification of optic nerve head (ONH) structures in optical coherence tomography images by observers and automated algorithms.

Methods: ONH images in 24 radial scan sets by optical coherence tomography were obtained in 51 eyes of 29 glaucoma patients and suspects. Masked intraobserver and interobserver comparisons were made of marked endpoints of Bruch's membrane opening (BMO) and the anterior lamina cribrosa (LC).

A Protective Eye Shield Reduces Limbal Strain and Its Variability During Simulated Sleep in Adults With Glaucoma.

Purpose: To determine the effect of wearing a protective eye shield (mask) on limbal strain magnitude and variability in glaucoma eyes when sleeping with 1 side of the face down (FD) against a pillow.

Methods: A prospective, randomized, interventional trial was conducted at the Wilmer Eye Institute with 36 glaucoma patients. A contact lens sensor measured limbal strain (output in equivalent millivolts) during intervals of up to 60 minutes in lateral decubitus, FD, and supine positions.

Longitudinal Change in Central Corneal Thickness in the Tema Eye Survey.

Purpose: To determine the change and rate of change in central corneal thickness (CCT) and their determinants.

Design: Longitudinal observational population-based study.

Methods: A total of 758 normal and 58 glaucomatous subjects underwent complete eye examination, with CCT measurements at 2 separate visits.

A mouse ocular explant model that enables the study of living optic nerve head events after acute and chronic intraocular pressure elevation: Focusing on retinal ganglion cell axons and mitochondria.

We developed an explant model of the mouse eye and optic nerve that facilitates the study of retinal ganglion cell axons and mitochondria in the living optic nerve head (ONH) in an ex vivo environment. Two transgenic mouse strains were used, one expressing yellow fluorescent protein in selected axons and a second strain expressing cyan fluorescent protein in all mitochondria. We viewed an explanted mouse eye and optic nerve by laser scanning microscopy at and behind the ONH, the site of glaucoma injury.

Measuring Deformation in the Mouse Optic Nerve Head and Peripapillary Sclera.

Purpose: To develop an ex vivo explant system using multiphoton microscopy and digital volume correlation to measure the full-field deformation response to intraocular pressure (IOP) change in the peripapillary sclera (PPS) and in the optic nerve head (ONH) astrocytic structure.

Methods: Green fluorescent protein (GFP)-glutamate transporter-GLT1 (GLT1/GFP) mouse eyes were explanted and imaged with a laser-scanning microscope under controlled inflation. Images were analyzed for regional strains and changes in astrocytic lamina and PPS shape.

Single suture iris-to-capsulorhexis fixation for in-the-bag intraocular lens subluxation.

Unlabelled: We present a simplified modification to a technique for early or mild in-the-bag subluxation that avoids conjunctival and scleral incisions and minimizes intraocular manipulation. While the capsulorhexis edge is grasped with an intraocular forceps to stabilize the IOL-capsular bag complex, a 10-0 polypropylene suture on a long curved needle is used to secure the fibrotic superior capsulorhexis edge to the midperipheral iris at 12 o'clock using a combination of a modified McCannel suture and a Siepser sliding knot.

Financial Disclosure: Dr.

Losartan Treatment Protects Retinal Ganglion Cells and Alters Scleral Remodeling in Experimental Glaucoma.

Purpose: To determine if oral losartan treatment decreases the retinal ganglion cell (RGC) death caused by experimental intraocular pressure (IOP) elevation in mice.

Methods: We produced IOP increase in CD1 mice and performed unilateral optic nerve crush. Mice received oral losartan, spironolactone, enalapril, or no drug to test effects of inhibiting angiotensin receptors.

Efficacy and safety of combined cataract surgery with 2 trabecular microbypass stents versus ab interno trabeculotomy.

Purpose: To compare the outcomes of combined cataract surgery with trabecular microbypass stents and ab interno trabeculotomy in patients with open-angle glaucoma.

Setting: University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, and University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada, and Glaucoma Associates of Texas, Dallas, Texas, USA.

Design: Retrospective case series.

The effect of scleral spur identification methods on structural measurements by anterior segment optical coherence tomography.

Purpose: To assess methods for and variations in identifying the scleral spur (SS) position in anterior segment optical coherence tomography.

Methods: In images of 51 eyes (patients) with open and closed anterior chamber angles, we compared the success rate and the variability of 3 approaches for identifying the SS: the ciliary muscle (CM), bump, and Schwalbe line (SL) methods using mixed effects regression models. The effect of incremental variation in SS position on anterior chamber parameters using the Anterior Segment Analysis Program (ASAP) was analyzed in 8 images.

The utility of relative afferent pupillary defect as a screening tool for glaucoma: prospective examination of a large population-based study in a south Indian population.

Background: Previous authors have suggested that an afferent pupillary defect (APD) may serve as an effective screening tool for some specific eye diseases, especially glaucomatous optic neuropathy, since the disease usually presents asymmetrically. Its success as a screening tool for glaucoma has never been previously prospectively evaluated in a large population.

Methods: In this study, the authors carry out assessments for the presence of APD as it relates to the diagnosis of glaucoma in an existing population-based eye study in southern India.