Missing History: Anarcha, Betsey, and Lucy's Legacy in Gynecologic Textbooks.

The legacy of J. Marion Sims as the "father of gynecology" has become widely controversial among medical professionals and lay public because of ethical concerns surrounding the development of his surgical techniques and his exploitation of enslaved women for his experiments. Notably, in April 2018, the City of New York relocated a commemorative statue of Sims from Central Park following an art commission's investigation of his controversial practices.

Resection Weight Formulas for Reduction Mammoplasty: A Systematic Review and Regression Analysis.

Purpose: Estimating resection weight for patients undergoing reduction mammoplasty (RM) informs surgical planning and outcomes. Existing formulas have limitations that make insurance coverage and accurate surgical planning challenging. We identified the most commonly used scales to evaluate their accuracy in estimating resection weight by applying them to a database of patients to compare calculated and actual resection weights.

A Comparative Analysis of Patient-Reported Outcomes Following Free Tissue Transfer, Partial Foot Amputation, and Below-Knee Amputation in High-Risk Limb Salvage Patients.

Background: The surgical decision for limb-salvage with free tissue transfer (FTT), partial foot amputation (PFA), or below-knee amputation (BKA) for complex lower extremity (LE) wounds hinges on several factors, including patient choice and baseline function. However, patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) on LE function, pain, and QoL for chronic LE wound interventions are limited. Thus, the study aim was to compare PROMs in patients who underwent FTT, PFA, or BKA for chronic LE wounds.

Intra-arterial locoregional therapies for intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma.

Introduction: Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) is the 2nd most common primary liver malignancy. For nonsurgical candidates, the primary treatment option is systemic chemotherapy, which can be combined with locoregional therapies to enhance local control. Common intra-arterial locoregional therapies include transarterial hepatic embolization, conventional transarterial chemoembolization, drug-eluting bead transarterial chemoembolization, transarterial radioembolization with Yttrium-90 microspheres, and hepatic artery infusion.

Sterile Draping of Operative Microscopes in Breast Free Flaps and Surgical Site Infections.

Background: Operative microscopes are traditionally draped in single-use plastic to prevent infection theoretically. The necessity of this routine in breast free flap surgery is unclear. Alternatively, sterile wrapping of microscope handles would reduce operating room waste and provide a more cost-effective and environmentally sustainable approach to sterility.

Gender Affirmation Surgery-related Hashtag Utilization on Instagram: Implications for Education and Patient Care.

Background: Gender-affirmation surgery (GAS) allows for transgender and nonconforming patients to achieve a more congruent physical appearance and alleviate dysphoria. Social media, such as Instagram, has adopted an increasingly important role in plastic and reconstructive surgery, and understanding trends and usage related to GAS can have significant implications for patient education and outreach. As such, this cross-sectional study aims to address the following questions related to GAS-related content available on Instagram: (1) Who is posting this content? (2) What specific hashtags are they using? and (3) What are the implications behind these posts?

Methods: This study analyzed 22 GAS-related hashtags on Instagram.

We Are Not Speaking the Same Language: Current Procedural Terminology Coding and Provision of Care in Lymphatic Reconstruction.

Introduction: Current Procedural Terminology (CPT) codes provide a uniform language for medical billing, but specific codes have not been assigned for lymphatic reconstruction techniques. The authors hypothesized that inadequate codes would contribute to heterogeneous coding practices and reimbursement challenges, ultimately limiting surgeons' ability to treat patients.

Methods: A 22-item virtual questionnaire was offered to 959 members of the American Society of Reconstructive Microsurgeons to assess the volume of lymphatic reconstruction procedures performed, CPT codes used for each procedure, and challenges related to coding and providing care.

Positive Bacterial Cultures on Spinal Wound Closure Do Not Predict Postoperative Outcomes.

Background: Complex surgical back wounds represent significant morbidity in patients who have undergone spinal procedures requiring closure or revision by plastic surgeons. This study aimed to assess the utility of bacterial wound culture data for predicting surgical outcomes of wound management.

Methods: This study is a single-institution retrospective review of consecutive patients who required plastic surgery intervention for wound infection following spinal procedures between the years 2010 and 2021 (n = 70).

How Should We Approach Faculty Who Create Hostile Learning Environments for Underrepresented Students and Trainees?

Faculty members who demonstrate resistance to or lack of skill in addressing negative bias in practice and learning environments can erode safety, especially among underrepresented students. This commentary on a case suggests how educators and leaders should respond to problematic behaviors of unwilling or unskilled faculty, prevent mistreatment of students and colleagues, and facilitate continuous faculty development. This commentary also considers strategies for motivating equity and building health care cultures of accountability.

Attitudes Toward Utilization of Minimally Invasive Cosmetic Procedures in Black Women: Results of a Cross-sectional Survey.

This cross-sectional study was designed to better understand perceptions of beauty, antiaging, and cosmetic procedures among young Black women, particularly social media users. An in-depth questionnaire was developed and administered via social media platforms to Black women in the United States (N=352). Study participants were asked about their top cosmetic skin concerns, prior and current usage of minimally invasive cosmetic procedures, and their attitudes toward obtaining such procedures in the future.

Opportunities for Increasing Diversity in Orthopaedics Through Virtual Mentorship Programs.

Orthopaedic surgery lags in recruiting women and under-represented minorities (URMs). In addition, women and URMs hold fewer leadership roles across orthopaedic subspecialties. This inequity is geographically heterogeneous, with female URM residents and attendings being more concentrated in some areas of the country.

Characteristics of Litigations Involving Contact Dermatitis: An Exploratory Analysis.

Contact dermatitis (CD) is one of the most common skin disorders, occurring in >20% of patients worldwide. Estimated cost burden for CD in the United States approaches $1 billion annually. To describe characteristics of litigation among patients with CD.

Use of a Cannulated, Percutaneous Expandable Reamer for Physeal Sparing Excision of a Femoral Head Chondroblastoma.

The treatment of chondroblastoma in the epiphysis of the femoral head in skeletally immature individuals is challenging and often requires surgical hip dislocation. We present a unique method of percutaneous use of an expandable reamer (X-REAM, Wright Medical) to treat a chondroblastoma of the femoral head in a 9-year-old boy without requiring surgical hip dislocation. The described technique provides access to the tumor in the proximal femoral epiphysis and local tumor control.

The Innovation Press: A Primer on the Anatomy of Digital Design in Plastic Surgery.

Three-dimensional (3D) printing continues to revolutionize the field of plastic surgery, allowing surgeons to adapt to the needs of individual patients and innovate, plan, or refine operative techniques. The utility of this manufacturing modality spans from surgical planning, medical education, and effective patient communication to tissue engineering and device prototyping and has valuable implications in every facet of plastic surgery. Three-dimensional printing is more accessible than ever to the surgical community, regardless of previous background in engineering or biotechnology.

Arterialized Vein Bypass Graft Recipient Vessel in Free Tissue Transfer Covering Diabetic Foot Ulcers Complicated by Critical Limb Ischemia.

Limb salvage options are limited in diabetic patients with critical limb ischemia. Soft tissue coverage remains technically demanding with limited recipient vessels for free tissue transfer. These factors make revascularization alone challenging.

New and Recurrent Ulcerations after Free Tissue Transfer with Partial Bony Resection in Chronic Foot Wounds within a Comorbid Population.

Background: Chronic foot wounds often require bony resection; however, altering the tripod of the foot carries a risk of new ulcer development nearing 70%. Resulting defects often require free tissue transfer (FTT) reconstruction; outcomes data for various bony resection and FTT options may guide clinical decision-making regarding bone and soft-tissue management. The authors hypothesized that alteration of the bony tripod will increase risk of new lesion development after FTT reconstruction.

Cutaneous T-Cell Lymphoma Treatment: Case Series of Combination Therapy With Intralesional Injections of 5-Fluorouracil and Topical Imiquimod.

Cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL) is a chronic form of skin cancer. Skin-directed therapies rarely achieve complete clearance of lesions, and recurrences are frequent. In this case series, 9 patients with stage IA to IVA2 CTCL received intralesional (IL) therapy with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and imiquimod (IMQ) cream 5% daily to recalcitrant plaques and tumors.

Long-Term Outcomes in Patients With Peripheral Arterial Disease Who Undergo Free Flap Reconstruction for Chronic Lower Extremity Wounds.

Background: Free tissue transfer (FTT) is critical for limb salvage of chronic lower extremity (LE) wounds. In patients with peripheral arterial disease (PAD), FTT LE reconstruction can be challenging due to limited vessel selection for anastomosis. The study aims to evaluate our surgical and functional outcomes after FTT to LE in patients with PAD.

Role of Pessaries in the Treatment of Pelvic Organ Prolapse: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Objective: To evaluate the existing evidence on the efficacy of pessaries in improving quality of life when used for the treatment of pelvic organ prolapse (POP).

Data Sources: We searched for the terms "pelvic organ prolapse" and "pessar/y/ies/ium or vaginal support device," and "safety or safe or outcome or complication or efficacy or effective or effectiveness" in PubMed, EMBASE, and CINAHL on March 16, 2020. A search was also performed on ClinicalTrials.