Forearm Pronation at Foot Contact: A Biomechanical Motion-Capture Analysis in High School and Professional Pitchers.

Background: It has previously been speculated that baseball pitchers who display excessive forearm pronation at foot contact (FC) have a higher propensity toward ulnar collateral ligament injury and subsequent surgery.

Purpose: To evaluate the association between degree of forearm pronation/supination at FC and throwing arm kinetics in high school and professional pitchers, at both the individual (intrapitcher) and the group (interpitcher) level.

Study Design: Descriptive laboratory study.

Twitter Trends for Celiac Disease and the Gluten-Free Diet: Cross-sectional Descriptive Analysis.

Background: Few studies have systematically analyzed information regarding chronic medical conditions and available treatments on social media. Celiac disease (CD) is an exemplar of the need to investigate web-based educational sources. CD is an autoimmune condition wherein the ingestion of gluten causes intestinal damage and, if left untreated by a strict gluten-free diet (GFD), can result in significant nutritional deficiencies leading to cancer, bone disease, and death.

Risks of Immunosuppressive Therapy in Patients Undergoing Open Reduction Internal Fixation for Ankle Fractures.

Chronic steroid and immunosuppressant use have been shown to increase the risk for postoperative complications in orthopedic surgery. Further understanding of the risks of immunosuppression is necessary to aid in risk stratification and patient counseling. However, these risks have not yet been explored in ankle fracture patients.

Simultaneous heart-kidney transplant in patients with borderline estimated glomerular filtration rate without dialysis dependency.

Background: Appropriate patient selection for simultaneous heart-kidney transplantation (sHK) in patients with moderate renal dysfunction remains challenging.

Methods: From the United Network for Organ Sharing database (2003-2020), we identified 5678 adults with an estimated pre-transplant glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) between 30 and 45 mL/min/1.73 m and no pre-transplant dialysis.

Dopamine Receptor DR and DR and GRK4 Interaction in Hypertension.

Essential hypertension is caused by the interaction of genetic, behavioral, and environmental factors. Abnormalities in the regulation of renal ion transport cause essential hypertension. The renal dopaminergic system, which inhibits sodium transport in all the nephron segments, is responsible for at least 50% of renal sodium excretion under conditions of moderate sodium excess.

Challenges in Psoriatic Disease Addressed by Fixed-Combination Halobetasol Propionate 0.01% and Tazarotene 0.045% Lotion.

Objective: The fixed-dose corticosteroid/retinoid combination halobetasol propionate (0.01%) and tazarotene (0.045%) lotion (HP/TAZ) is approved for topical treatment of plaque psoriasis in adults.

The effect of hand position on chest compression quality during CPR in young children: Findings from the Videography in Pediatric Resuscitation (VIPER) collaborative.

Objective: To determine the effect of hand position on chest compression (CC) quality during CPR in young children.

Methods: Prospective observational exploratory study. Patients < 8 years receiving CC for > 2 minutes were enrolled.

The Glycan Structure Dictionary-a dictionary describing commonly used glycan structure terms.

Recent technological advances in glycobiology have resulted in a large influx of data and the publication of many papers describing discoveries in glycoscience. However, the terms used in describing glycan structural features are not standardized, making it difficult to harmonize data across biomolecular databases, hampering the harvesting of information across studies and hindering text mining and curation efforts. To address this shortcoming, the Glycan Structure Dictionary has been developed as a reference dictionary to provide a standardized list of widely used glycan terms that can help in the curation and mapping of glycan structures described in publications.

Ranbp1 modulates morphogenesis of the craniofacial midline in mouse models of 22q11.2 deletion syndrome.

Facial dysmorphology is a hallmark of 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11DS). Nearly all affected individuals have facial features characteristic of the syndrome: a vertically long face with broad nasal bridge, narrow palpebral fissures and mild micrognathia, sometimes accompanied by facial skeletal and oropharyngeal anomalies.

Cognitive function following diabetic ketoacidosis in young children with type 1 diabetes.

Introduction: Young children with type 1 diabetes (T1D) may be at particularly high risk of cognitive decline following diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA). However, studies of cognitive functioning in T1D typically examine school-age children. The goal of this study was to examine whether a single experience of DKA is associated with lower cognitive functioning in young children.

Reintervention Rate After Pigtail Catheter Insertion Compared to Surgical Chest Tubes.

Background: Prior studies suggest similar efficacy between large-bore chest tube (CT) placement and small-bore pigtail catheter (PC) placement for the treatment of pleural space processes. This study examined reintervention rates of CT and PC in patients with pneumothorax, hemothorax, and pleural effusion.

Methods: This retrospective study examined patients from September 2015 through December 2020.

Racial Disparities in the Cost of Unplanned Hospitalizations after Breast Reconstruction.

Background: Given the national attention to disparities in health care, understanding variation provided to minorities becomes increasingly important. This study will examine the effect of race on the rate and cost of unplanned hospitalizations after breast reconstruction procedures.

Methods: The authors performed an analysis comparing patients undergoing implant-based and autologous breast reconstruction in the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project.

Relationships among biochemical measures in children with diabetic ketoacidosis.

Objectives: Investigating empirical relationships among laboratory measures in children with diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) can provide insights into physiological alterations occurring during DKA. We determined whether alterations in laboratory measures during DKA conform to theoretical predictions.

Methods: We used Pearson correlation statistics and linear regression to investigate correlations between blood glucose, electrolytes, pH and PCO at emergency department presentation in 1,681 pediatric DKA episodes.

Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo in a patient with persistent hypoglossal artery and bilateral madelung deformity.

We explore a case of Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo in the context of Persistent Hypoglossal Artery (PHA) and bilateral Madelung Deformity (MD). PHA is associated with a raft of major adverse cardiovascular events. MD can result from manifold conditions such as Turner's Syndrome and mesomelic dwarfism.

Implementation of a Medical Clearance Algorithm for Psychiatric Emergency Patients.

Background: Despite evidence demonstrating limited benefit, many clinicians continue to perform routine laboratory testing of well-appearing children to medically clear them before psychiatric admission.

Methods: We conducted a quality improvement project to reduce routine laboratory testing among pediatric patients requiring admission to our psychiatric unit. We convened key stakeholders whose input informed the modification of an existing pathway and the development of a medical clearance algorithm.

2021 U.S. Virgin Islands Zika health brigade: Providing recommended pediatric health screenings for children born to mothers with laboratory evidence of possible Zika virus infection during pregnancy.

Background: The United States Virgin Islands (USVI) Department of Health (DOH) conducted a second Zika health brigade (ZHB) in 2021 to provide recommended Zika-related pediatric health screenings, including vision, hearing, neurologic, and developmental screenings, for children in the USVI. This was replicated after the success of the first ZHB in 2018, which provided recommended Zika-related pediatric health screenings to 88 infants and children exposed to Zika virus (ZIKV) during pregnancy.

Methods: Ten specialty pediatric care providers were recruited and traveled to the USVI to conduct the screenings.

Evaluating age-based eligibility thresholds for heart re-transplantation - an analysis of the united network for organ sharing database.

Background: Risk-adjusted survival after late heart re-transplantation may be comparable to primary transplant, but the efficacy of re-transplantation in older candidates is not established. We evaluated outcomes after heart re-transplantation in recipients > 60 years.

Methods: We identified 1026 adult patients undergoing isolated heart re-transplantation between 2003 and 2020 from the United Network for Organ Sharing database.

Investigation of the association of military employment and Parkinson's disease with a validated Parkinson's disease case-finding strategy.

Introduction: Persons with military involvement may be more likely to have Parkinson's disease (PD) risk factors. As PD is rare, case finding remains a challenge, contributing to our limited understanding of PD risk factors. Here, we explore the validity of case-finding strategies and whether military employment is associated with PD.

Lipid profiles and hypertriglyceridemia among transgender and gender diverse adults on gender-affirming hormone therapy.

Background: The effects of gender-affirming hormone therapy on lipid profiles among transgender adults have been inconsistent and incompletely characterized.

Objective: To longitudinally assess changes to lipid profiles following hormone therapy and to establish prevalence rates of hyperlipidemia/low HDL-cholesterol.

Methods: This longitudinal study followed lipid profiles of 366 transgender and gender-diverse adult patients (170 transfeminine and 196 transmasculine; mean age, 28 years) in Washington DC USA.

Evaluating Databases With Orthopaedic Surgery Residency Program Information.

Introduction: Orthopaedic surgery residency applicants submit more applications than ever before. While this issue is multifactorial, increased information and transparency regarding residency programs are important. This study aimed to evaluate the completeness and variability of the information that is currently available regarding orthopaedic residency programs on two publicly available databases, the Fellowship and Residency Electronic Interactive Database (FREIDA) and the newly created Orthopaedic Residency Information Network (ORIN).

Advances in the Management of the Neonate Born with an Anorectal Malformation.

Anorectal malformations occur in 1 in 3000 to 5000 children, and present with a marked variety in type and severity. Most of the malformations are diagnosed in the early neonatal period, as an antenatal diagnosis remains relatively elusive. Following diagnosis, an accurate assessment and focused management is crucial to reduce the potential for morbidity and mortality.

An Analysis of Underrepresented in Medicine Away Rotation Scholarships in Surgical Specialties.

Background: Underrepresented in medicine (UIM) visiting student clerkship scholarships provide an opportunity for supporting diversity. Although these scholarships have become a popular initiative to recruit diverse surgical applicants, they have not been thoroughly analyzed regarding which programs offer scholarships and the characteristics of the scholarships. UIM scholarship opportunity disparities may exist depending on location, funding, reputation, and program size among different specialties.

Predicting the disease severity in male individuals with ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency.

Objective: Ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency (OTC-D) is an X-linked metabolic disease and the most common urea cycle disorder. Due to high phenotypic heterogeneity, ranging from lethal neonatal hyperammonemic events to moderate symptoms and even asymptomatic individuals, the prediction of the disease course at an early disease stage is very important to individually adjust therapies such as medical treatment or liver transplantation. In this translational study, we developed a severity-adjusted classification system based on in vitro residual enzymatic OTC activity.