A Comparative Study of Scripted versus Unscripted Morning Reports: Results from a Prospective Multicenter Study.

Objectives: Morning report is one of the central activities of internal medicine residency education. The two most common morning report formats are scripted reports, which use preselected cases with prepared didactics, and unscripted reports in which a case is discussed without preparation. No previous study has compared these two formats.

One-Sided Multidimensional Statistical Significance Testing: A New Method of Calculating the Statistical Significance of Spectra Used to Demonstrate Magnetic Nanoparticle Sensitivity.

Estimating statistical significance of the difference between two spectra or series is a fundamental statistical problem. Multivariate significance tests exist but the limitations preclude their use in many common cases; e.g.

The utility of the bilateral temporal artery biopsy for diagnosis of giant cell arteritis.

Objective: A surgical temporal artery biopsy (TAB) is the gold standard for diagnosis of giant cell arteritis (GCA). The necessity of performing a bilateral biopsy remains under debate. The primary objective of this study was to assess the rate of discordance between pathology results in patients who underwent bilateral TAB for suspected GCA.

Subcutaneous and Transvenous ICDs: an Update on Contemporary Questions and Controversies.

Purpose Of Review: While the subcutaneous (S-) implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICDs) is an alternative to the transvenous (TV-) ICD in many patients, optimal use remains unclear. In this review, we summarize recent clinically relevant data on sensing algorithms, inappropriate shocks, defibrillation testing, and battery and electrode failures.

Recent Findings: Changes in sensing algorithms and S-ICD programming have significantly decreased inappropriate shock rates.

Contact patterns and costs of multiple sclerosis in the Swedish healthcare system-A population-based quantitative study.

Background: The burden of disease for persons with multiple sclerosis (MS) and society is changing due to new treatments. Knowledge about the total need for care is necessary in relation to changing needs and new service models.

Objective: The aim of this study was to describe the contact patterns for MS patients, calculate costs in health care, and create meaningful subgroups to analyze contact patterns.

Unravelling the Difference Between Men and Women in Post-CABG Survival.

Objectives: Women have a worse prognosis after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) surgery compared to men. We sought to quantify to what extent this difference in post-CABG survival could be attributed to sex itself, or whether this was mediated by difference between men and women at the time of intervention. Additionally, we explored to what extent these effects were homogenous across patient subgroups.

Effect of a Home-Based, Walking Exercise Behavior Change Intervention vs Usual Care on Walking in Adults With Peripheral Artery Disease: The MOSAIC Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: Home-based walking exercise interventions are recommended for people with peripheral artery disease (PAD), but evidence of their efficacy has been mixed.

Objective: To investigate the effect of a home-based, walking exercise behavior change intervention delivered by physical therapists in adults with PAD and intermittent claudication compared with usual care.

Design, Setting, And Participants: Multicenter randomized clinical trial including 190 adults with PAD and intermittent claudication in 6 hospitals in the United Kingdom between January 2018 and March 2020; final follow-up was September 8, 2020.

Longitudinal Outcomes of Subcutaneous or Transvenous Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillators in Older Patients.

Background: The subcutaneous (S-) implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) is an alternative to the transvenous (TV-) ICD that is increasingly implanted in younger patients; data on the safety and effectiveness of the S-ICD in older patients are lacking.

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to compare outcomes among older patients who received an S- or TV-ICD.

Methods: The authors compared S-ICD and single-chamber TV-ICD implants in Fee-For-Service Medicare beneficiaries using the National Cardiovascular Data Registry ICD Registry.

Cold versus hot snare resection with or without submucosal injection of 6- to 15-mm colorectal polyps: a randomized controlled trial.

Background And Aims: Cold snare resection of colorectal lesions has been found to be safe and effective for an expanding set of colorectal lesions. In this study, we sought to understand the efficacy of simple cold snare resection and cold EMR versus hot snare resection and hot EMR for colorectal lesions 6 to 15 mm in size.

Methods: At 3 U.

The Impact of Work Status and Age in Choosing Type of Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Repair.

Introduction: The PReferences for Open Versus Endovascular Repair of Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm (PROVE-AAA) trial aimed to determine the efficacy of a validated decision aid to enable better alignment between patient preference and their ultimate repair. We sought to determine the key factors influencing the decision-making of veterans for endovascular repair of abdominal aortic aneurysm (EVAR) or open surgical repair (OSR).

Methods: A total of 235 veterans in the PROVE-AAA trial were asked their information sources regarding repairs, employment status, and preferred intervention.

Geographic Variation in Apical Support Procedures for Pelvic Organ Prolapse.

Objective: To measure geographic variation in rates of apical support procedures for the treatment of pelvic organ prolapse (POP) among female Medicare beneficiaries.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective, cross-sectional study and used 100% Medicare fee-for-service claims to identify a cohort of women aged 65-99 years who had an apical support procedure, defined by Current Procedural Terminology codes, in 2016-2018. We included all vaginal and abdominal approaches (native tissue and mesh colpopexies) and obliterative procedures.

Tumor cell intrinsic and extrinsic features predict prognosis in estrogen receptor positive breast cancer.

Although estrogen-receptor-positive (ER+) breast cancer is generally associated with favorable prognosis, clinical outcome varies substantially among patients. Genomic assays have been developed and applied to predict patient prognosis for personalized treatment. We hypothesize that the recurrence risk of ER+ breast cancer patients is determined by both genomic mutations intrinsic to tumor cells and extrinsic immunological features in the tumor microenvironment.

Comparison of Symptoms and Antibody Response Following Administration of Moderna or Pfizer SARS-CoV-2 Vaccines.

Context.—: Moderna (mRNA-1272) and Pfizer (BNT162b2) SARS-CoV-2 vaccines demonstrate favorable safety and efficacy profiles, but direct comparison data are lacking.

Objective.

Arrhythmias in Female Patients: Incidence, Presentation and Management.

There is a growing appreciation for differences in epidemiology, treatment, and outcomes of cardiovascular conditions by sex. Historically, cardiovascular clinical trials have under-represented females, but findings have nonetheless been applied to clinical care in a sex-agnostic manner. Thus, much of the collective knowledge about sex-specific cardiovascular outcomes result from post hoc and secondary analyses.

Influence of Race, Insurance, Rurality, and Socioeconomic Status on Equity of Lung and Colorectal Cancer Care.

Background: This study evaluated the influence that social determinants of health had on stage at diagnosis and receipt of cancer-directed surgery for patients with lung and colorectal cancer in the North Carolina Central Cancer Registry (2010-2015).

Methods: This study examined non-Hispanic uninsured or privately-insured patients 18 to 64 years of age. Multivariable logistic regression models, including two-way interaction terms, assessed the influence of race, insurance status, rurality, and Social Deprivation Index on stage at diagnosis and receipt of surgery.

Retrospective Evaluation of the Antibody Prevalence in Epilepsy and Encephalopathy (APE2) Score.

Background: Autoimmune encephalitis (AE) is a rare collection of disorders that present with a diverse and often nebulous set of clinical symptoms. Indiscriminate use of multi-antibody panels decreases their overall utility and predictive value. Application of a standardized scoring system may help reduce the number of specimens that generate misleading or uninformative results.

Evaluating Onychomycosis Outcomes 2 Months into an 11-month-long Efinaconazole Regimen: The Role of Optical Coherence Tomography.

Background: Onychomycosis affects 43 million people in the United States and Europe. Topical therapies can be effective but require lengthy and costly regimens without an established method for predicting the treatment outcome.

Objective: We studied the role of optical coherence tomography (OCT), a noninvasive imaging device approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration, in evaluating onychomycosis treatment outcomes.

Updates on Age to Start and Stop Colorectal Cancer Screening: Recommendations From the U.S. Multi-Society Task Force on Colorectal Cancer.

This document is a focused update to the 2017 colorectal cancer (CRC) screening recommendations from the U.S. Multi-Society Task Force on Colorectal Cancer, which represents the American College of Gastroenterology, the American Gastroenterological Association, and the American Society for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy.