Cell dehydration of intergeneric hybrid induces subgenome-related specific responses.

The aim was to identify subgenome-related specific responses in two types of triticale, that is, of the wheat-dominated genome (WDG) and rye-dominated genome (RDG), to water stress induced in the early phase (tillering) of plant growth. Higher activity of the primary metabolism of carbohydrates is a feature of the WDG type, while the dominance of the rye genome is associated with a higher activity of the secondary metabolism of phenolic compounds in the RDG type. The study analyzed carbohydrates and key enzymes of their synthesis, free phenolic compounds and carbohydrate-related components of the cell wall, monolignols, and shikimic acid (ShA), which is a key link between the primary and secondary metabolism of phenolic compounds.

Correlation between human colon cancer specific antigens and Raman spectra. Attempting to use Raman spectroscopy in the determination of tumor markers for colon cancer.

Colorectal cancer is the second most common cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. To follow up on the progression of the disease, tumor markers are commonly used. Here, we report serum analysis based on Raman spectroscopy to provide a rapid cancer diagnosis with tumor markers and two new cell adhesion molecules measured using the ELİSA method.

Growth Cessation and Dormancy Induction in Micropropagated Plantlets of 'Raspberry' Influenced by Photoperiod and Temperature.

Dormancy development in micropropagated plantlets at the acclimatization stage and early growth ex vitro is undesirable as it lowers their survival rate and restricts the efficient year-round production of planting material. Thus far, little is known about the factors and mechanisms involved in the dormancy development of micropropagated herbaceous perennials, including rhubarb. This study determined physiological and molecular changes in the (culinary rhubarb) 'Raspberry' planting material in response to photoperiod and temperature.

Variation between glaucous and non-glaucous near-isogenic lines of rye (Secale cereale L.) under drought stress.

Glaucous (811, L35, and RXL10) and non-glaucous (811bw, L35bw, and RXL10bw) near-isogenic lines (NILs) of rye (Secale cereale L.) forming three pairs of inbred lines were the subject of the research. The research aimed to study the relationship between wax cover attributes and the physio-biochemical drought reactions and yield of rye NILs and to uncover the differences in drought resistance levels of these lines.

1,2-Hydrogenation and Transhydrogenation Catalyzed by 3-Ketosteroid Δ-Dehydrogenase from -Kinetics, Isotope Labelling and QM:MM Modelling Studies.

Bacteria and fungi that are able to metabolize steroids express 3-ketosteroid-Δ-dehydrogenases (KstDs). KstDs such as AcmB form Chol-1 catalyze the enantioselective 1α,2β-dehydrogenation of steroids to their desaturated analogues, e.g.

Cyanophages as an important factor in the early evolution of oxygenic photosynthesis.

Cyanophages are viruses that infect cyanobacteria. An interesting feature of many of them is the presence of psbA and psbD, genes that encode D1 and D2 proteins, respectively. The D1 and D2 are core proteins of the photosystem II (PSII) in cyanobacteria, algae and plants and influence the proper function of oxygenic photosynthesis (OP) in all oxyphototrophs on Earth.

Application of Spectroscopic Methods for the Identification of Superoxide Dismutases in Cyanobacteria.

Superoxide dismutases (SODs) belong to the group of metalloenzymes that remove superoxide anion radicals and they have been identified in three domains of life: , and . SODs in sp. PCC 6803, CCALA 979, and sp.

The Alleviation of Metal Stress Nuisance for Plants-A Review of Promising Solutions in the Face of Environmental Challenges.

Environmental changes are inevitable with time, but their intensification and diversification, occurring in the last several decades due to the combination of both natural and human-made causes, are really a matter of great apprehension. As a consequence, plants are exposed to a variety of abiotic stressors that contribute to their morpho-physiological, biochemical, and molecular alterations, which affects plant growth and development as well as the quality and productivity of crops. Thus, novel strategies are still being developed to meet the challenges of the modern world related to climate changes and natural ecosystem degradation.

Stimulation of Lignan Production in In Vitro Cultures by Elicitation.

The study investigated the effect of elicitation with: chitosan (CH) (200 mg/L), yeast extract (YeE) (3000 mg/L), ethephon (ETH) (25 µM/L), and methyl jasmonate (MeJA) (50 µM/L), on lignan accumulation in agitated and bioreactor (Plantform temporary immersion systems) microshoot cultures of female (F) and male (M) Rehd. et Wils. (Schisandraceae) lines.

In search of the relationship between the rye polyamine oxidase (PAO) gene and resistance to powdery mildew (PM).

Powdery mildew (PM), a common cereal disease in cultivated areas, including Europe and other temperate regions, is caused by the fungus Blumeria graminis. While PM is one of the most important wheat leaf diseases globally, rye is highly tolerant to PM. It has been reported that in barley infected with PM, polyamine oxidase (PAO) activity related to the production of hydrogen peroxide (HO) has increased, which may promote defense against biotrophic or hemibiotrophic pathogens.

The role of invasive plant species in drought resilience in agriculture: the case of sweet briar (Rosa rubiginosa L.).

Sweet briar (Rosa rubiginosa) belongs to the group of wild roses. Under natural conditions it grows throughout Europe, and was introduced also into the southern hemisphere, where it has efficiently adapted to dry lands. This review focuses on the high adaptation potential of sweet briar to soil drought in the context of global climatic changes, especially considering steppe formation and desertification of agricultural, orchard, and horticultural areas.

Does Nitrogen Fertilization Affect the Secondary Structures of Gliadin Proteins in Hypoallergenic Wheat?

One of the macronutrients indispensable for plant growth and development is nitrogen (N). It is responsible for starch and storage protein (gliadins and glutenins) biosynthesis and, in consequence, influences kernels' quality and yields. However, applying N-fertilizers increases gluten content in wheat, and it may intensify the risk of developing allergy symptoms in gluten-sensitive individuals.

Actin-Related Protein 4 and Linker Histone Sustain Yeast Replicative Ageing.

Ageing is accompanied by dramatic changes in chromatin structure organization and genome function. Two essential components of chromatin, the linker histone Hho1p and actin-related protein 4 (Arp4p), have been shown to physically interact in cells, thus maintaining chromatin dynamics and function, as well as genome stability and cellular morphology. Disrupting this interaction has been proven to influence the stability of the yeast genome and the way cells respond to stress during chronological ageing.

Physiological and Biochemical Parameters of Salinity Resistance of Three Durum Wheat Genotypes.

The area of farming lands affected by increasing soil salinity is growing significantly worldwide. For this reason, breeding works are conducted to improve the salinity tolerance of important crop species. The goal of the present study was to indicate physiological or biochemical parameters characterizing three durum wheat accessions with various tolerance to salinity.

Endophytic bacteria from in vitro culture of Leucojum aestivum L. a new source of galanthamine and elicitor of alkaloid biosynthesis.

Leucojum aestivum is known for its ability to biosynthesize alkaloids with therapeutic properties, among which galanthamine used for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. New sources of this alkaloid are still being explored. In this study, a novel strain PLV of endophytic bacterium Paenibacillus lautus was isolated from in vitro L.

Bio-Herbicidal Potential of Nanoemulsions with Peppermint Oil on Barnyard Grass and Maize.

Bio-based nanoemulsions are part of green pest management for sustainable agriculture. This study assessed the physicochemical properties and the herbicidal activities of the peppermint essential oil nanoemulsions (PNs) in concentrations 1.0-10% stabilized by Eco-Polysorbate 80 on germinating seeds and young plants of maize and barnyard grass.

Genes encoding the photosystem II proteins are under purifying selection: an insight into the early evolution of oxygenic photosynthesis.

The molecular evolution concerns coding sequences (CDSs) of genes and may affect the structure and function of proteins. Non-uniform use of synonymous codons during translation, known as codon usage bias (CUB), depends on the balance between mutations bias and natural selection. We estimated different CUB indices, i.

Brassinosteroid-lipid membrane interaction under low and high temperature stress in model systems.

Background: In earlier studies [1], we indicated that applying brassinosteroids (BRs) to lipids that had been isolated from plants altered the physicochemical properties of the monolayers. A continuation of these dependencies using the defined model lipid systems is presented in this paper. The influence of homocastasterone (HCS) and castasterone (CS) (BRs for which the increase in concentration were characteristic of plants grown at low temperatures) on the membrane properties of their polar and the hydrophobic parts were studied.

Deacclimation-Induced Changes of Photosynthetic Efficiency, Brassinosteroid Homeostasis and Expression in Winter Oilseed Rape ( L.)-Relation to Frost Tolerance.

The objective of this study was to answer the question of how the deacclimation process affects frost tolerance, photosynthetic efficiency, brassinosteroid (BR) homeostasis and expression of winter oilseed rape. A comparative study was conducted on cultivars with different agronomic and physiological traits. The deacclimation process can occur when there are periods of higher temperatures, particularly in the late autumn or winter.

Drought-Stress Induced Physiological and Molecular Changes in Plants.

Soil drought is one of the major abiotic stresses that inhibits the growth, development, and yield of crops all over the world [...

Depletion of the Origin Recognition Complex Subunits Delays Aging in Budding Yeast.

Precise DNA replication is pivotal for ensuring the accurate inheritance of genetic information. To avoid genetic instability, each DNA fragment needs to be amplified only once per cell cycle. DNA replication in eukaryotes starts with the binding of the origin recognition complex (ORC) to the origins of DNA replication.

Fruit and Leaves as Promising New Materials of High Biological Potential: Lignan Profiling and Effect-Directed Analysis.

The effect-directed detection (EDD) of fruit and leaves extracts was performed to assess their pharmacological properties. The EDD comprised TLC-direct bioautography against , a DPPH assay, as well as α-glucosidase, lipase, tyrosinase, and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibition assays. The leaf extracts showed stronger antioxidant activity than the fruit extract as well as inhibition of tyrosinase and lipase.

Changes in Endogenous Phytohormones of Axillary Shoots Multiplied under Different Light Emitting Diodes Light Quality.

Light quality is essential in in vitro cultures for morphogenesis process. Light emitting diodes system (LED) allows adjustment as desired and the most appropriate light spectrum. The study analyzed the influence of different LED light quality on the balance of endogenous phytohormones and related compounds (PhRC) in in vitro multiplied axillary shoots of .

The Spectral Compositions of Light Changes Physiological Response of Chinese Cabbage to Elevated Ozone Concentration.

The effects of ozone combined with other environmental factors remain an important topic of the research, both in connection with climate change and the possibility of using modern solutions in horticulture. In our experiment, we compared the influence of ozone (100 ppb) on photosynthesis and changes in the pigment composition of Chinese cabbage ( subsp. pekinensis) leaves depending on the spectral composition of light.

New facts about callose events in the young ovules of some sexual and apomictic species of the Asteraceae family.

Callose (β-1,3-glucan) is one of the cell wall polymers that plays an important role in many biological processes in plants, including reproductive development. In angiosperms, timely deposition and degradation of callose during sporogenesis accompanies the transition of cells from somatic to generative identity. However, knowledge on the regulation of callose biosynthesis at specific sites of the megasporocyte wall remains limited and the data on its distribution are not conclusive.