Chinese expert consensus on sequential surgery following conversion therapy based on combination of immune checkpoint inhibitors and antiangiogenic targeted drugs for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (2024 edition).

Up to half of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cases are diagnosed at an advanced stage, for which effective treatment options are lacking, resulting in a poor prognosis. Over the past few years, the combination of immune checkpoint inhibitors and anti-angiogenic targeted therapy has proven highly efficacious in treating advanced HCC, significantly extending patients' survival and providing a potential for sequential curative surgery. After sequential curative hepatectomy or liver transplantation following conversion therapy, patients can receive long-term survival benefits.

Fluoxetine Rescues Excessive Myelin Formation and Psychological Behaviors in a Murine PTSD Model.

Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a complex mental disorder notable for traumatic experience memory. Although current first-line treatments are linked with clinically important symptom reduction, a large proportion of patients retained to experience considerable residual symptoms, indicating pathogenic mechanism should be illustrated further. Recent studies reported that newly formed myelin could shape neural circuit function and be implicated in fear memory preservation.

Inhibiting the "isolated island" effect in simulated bone defect repair using a hollow structural scaffold design.

The treatment of bone tissue defects remains a complicated clinical challenge. Recently, the bone tissue engineering (BTE) technology has become an important therapeutic approach for bone defect repair. Researchers have improved the scaffolds, cells, and bioactive factors used in BTE through various existing bone repair material preparation strategies.

Choosing the optimal target area for repeated transcranial magnetic stimulation in treating neuropathic pain in spinal cord injury patients: a comparative analysis.

Objective: The specific target area of repeated transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) in treating neuropathic pain resulting from spinal cord injury (SCI-NP) remains uncertain.

Methods: Thirty-four participants with SCI-NP were allocated into three groups, namely, the motor cortex (M1, A) group, the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (LDLPFC, B) group, and the control (sham stimulation, C) group. The intervention was administered totally 10 times.

Spontaneous brain activity in the hippocampal regions could characterize cognitive impairment in patients with Parkinson's disease.

Objective: This study aimed to investigate whether spontaneous brain activity can be used as a prospective indicator to identify cognitive impairment in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD).

Methods: Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (RS-fMRI) was performed on PD patients. The cognitive level of patients was assessed by the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) scale.

Will coronal alignment postoperatively be deteriorating in adult spinal deformity after long-fusion surgery?

Background: To investigate whether the coronal alignment (CA) will deteriorate, and identify the risk factors for coronal malalignment (CM) developing in adult spinal deformity (ASD) after long-fusion surgery.

Methods: A multi-center retrospective study was performed, which included a total of 161 ASD patients who had undergone the surgical procedure of long-fusion (≥ 5 vertebras) with instrumentations in three medical centers. All of the participants were retrospectively reviewed, and subsequently assigned into the consistency group (C7 plumb line (C7PL) shifting towards the convex side of the main curve), and the opposition group (C7PL shifting towards the concave side).

Three-Dimensional-Printed Spherical Hollow Structural Scaffolds for Guiding Critical-Sized Bone Regeneration.

The treatment of bone tissue defects continues to be a complex medical issue. Recently, three-dimensional (3D)-printed scaffold technology for bone tissue engineering (BTE) has emerged as an important therapeutic approach for bone defect repair. Despite the potential of BTE scaffolds to contribute to long-term bone reconstruction, there are certain challenges associated with it including the impediment of bone growth within the scaffolds and vascular infiltration.

Developing Single-Atomic Manganese Nanozymes for Synergistic Mild Photothermal/Multienzymatic Therapy.

Synergistic mild photothermal/nanozyme therapy with outstanding hyperthermia performance and excellent multienzyme properties is highly needed for osteosarcoma treatment. Herein, we have developed efficient single-atom nanozymes (SANs) consisting of Mn sites atomically dispersed on nitrogen-doped carbon nanosheets (denoted as Mn-SANs) for synergistic mild photothermal/multienzymatic therapy against osteosarcoma. Benefiting from their black N-doped carbon nanosheet matrices, Mn-SANs showed an excellent NIR-II-triggered photothermal effect.

Functionalized 3D-Printed PLA Biomimetic Scaffold for Repairing Critical-Size Bone Defects.

The treatment of critical-size bone defects remains a complicated clinical challenge. Recently, bone tissue engineering has emerged as a potential therapeutic approach for defect repair. This study examined the biocompatibility and repair efficacy of hydroxyapatite-mineralized bionic polylactic acid (PLA) scaffolds, which were prepared through a combination of 3D printing technology, plasma modification, collagen coating, and hydroxyapatite mineralization coating techniques.

TNF-α-induced protein 8-like 2 negatively regulates the immune function of dendritic cells by suppressing autophagy via the TAK1/JNK pathway in septic mice.

Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α-induced protein 8-like 2 (TIPE2) is a newly discovered negative immunoregulatory protein that is involved in various cellular immune responses to infections. However, the underlying mechanism by which TIPE2 affects the immune function of dendritic cells (DCs) is not yet understood. This study aimed to determine the correlations among DCs TIPE2 expression, autophagic activity and immune function in the context of sepsis.

Effects of Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio Combined With Interleukin-6 in Predicting 28-Day Mortality in Patients With Sepsis.

Background: The current study aimed to evaluate the relationship between the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) combined with interleukin (IL)-6 on admission day and the 28-day mortality of septic patients.

Material And Methods: We conducted an observational retrospective study. Patients with presumed sepsis were included.

Predictive value of immune cell counts and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio for 28-day mortality in patients with sepsis caused by intra-abdominal infection.

Background: The current study aimed to evaluate the value of immune cell counts and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) when attempting to predict 28-day mortality.

Methods: We conducted an observational retrospective study that included consecutive septic patients. Severity scores on the first day and peripheral circulating immune cell counts (at day 1, day 3, day 5 and day 7 of admission) were collected during each patient's emergency intensive care unit stay.

Tryptophan decreases the intensity of lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury in a rat model.

Sepsis is a severe clinical condition that is a result of the cellular and biochemical response to infection. The present study evaluated the therapeutic potential of tryptophan against lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced acute lung injury (ALI) in rats. Rats were grouped into sham, control (ALI), and ALI + 1, 25, and 50 mg/kg body weight L-tryptophan.

The contribution of hereditary cancer-related germline mutations to lung cancer susceptibility.

Background: Germline variations may contribute to lung cancer susceptibility besides environmental factors. The influence of germline mutations on lung cancer susceptibility and their correlation with somatic mutations has not been systematically investigated.

Methods: In this study, germline mutations from 1,026 non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients were analyzed with a 58-gene next-generation sequencing (NGS) panel containing known hereditary cancer-related genes, and were categorized based on American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics (ACMG) guidelines in pathogenicity, and the corresponding somatic mutations were analyzed using a 605-gene NGS panel containing known cancer-related genes.

Comprehensive analysis of POLE and POLD1 Gene Variations identifies cancer patients potentially benefit from immunotherapy in Chinese population.

POLE/POLD1 gene variants have been suggested as potential markers for immunotherapy due to their significant association with the tumor mutational burden (TMB), an effective indicator for response prediction in immunotherapy. However, the correlation of POLE/POLD1 variants with MSI, MMR, TMB, MMR-related and key driver gene mutations needs to be defined to support patient recruitment and therapeutic effect assessment in immunotherapy. 1,392 Chinese cancer patients were recruited, and the correlation of POLE/POLD1 variants with existing immunotherapeutic markers and cancer pathways was investigated.

The is capable of assessing the therapeutic effect and predicting the prognosis of stage IV lung cancer.

Background: Instant monitoring of the therapeutic effect of systematic therapy in late-stage lung cancer is crucial for response assessment and strategy adjustment. Previous study found that specific plasma methylation markers may be applied to therapeutic effect assessment. In order to investigate the performance of plasma in assessing the therapeutic effect and predicting the prognosis of stage IV lung cancer, we performed the study focusing on patients underwent chemotherapy or tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI)-based targeted therapy.