Targeting HSP90AA1 to overcome multiple drug resistance in breast cancer using magnetic nanoparticles loaded with salicylic acid.

Multiple drug resistance (MDR) remains a major obstacle in effective breast cancer chemotherapy. This study explores the role of HSP90AA1 in driving MDR and evaluates the potential of magnetic nanoparticles (FeO@SA) loaded with salicylic acid (SA) to counteract drug resistance. A comprehensive screening of 200 SA-related target genes identified nine core genes, including HSP90AA1.

Hydrogen Sulfide Promotes TAM-M1 Polarization through Activating IRE-1α Pathway via GRP78 S-Sulfhydrylation to against Breast Cancer.

Hydrogen sulfide (HS)-mediated protein S-sulfhydration has been shown to play critical roles in several diseases. Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are the predominant population of immune cells present within solid tumor tissues, and they function to restrict antitumor immunity. However, no previous study has investigated the role of protein S-sulfhydration in TAM reprogramming in breast cancer (BC).

Association of N, N-diethyl-m-toluamide (DEET) with arthritis among adult participants.

Background: N, N-diethyl-m-toluamide (DEET), an active ingredient prevalent in insect repellents, has its effects on human health under ongoing debate and scrutiny.

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the association between exposure to DEET and arthritis outcomes within the broader adult demographic, leveraging data obtained from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES).

Methods: 3-diethyl-carbamoyl benzoic acid (DCBA) was used as a specific indicator of DEET exposure.

Targeting CDK1 and copper homeostasis in breast cancer via a nanopolymer drug delivery system.

The prevalence of breast cancer (BRCA) is notable in the female population, being a commonly diagnosed malignancy, where the management of copper levels is crucial for treatment success. This research aims to explore the influence of copper homeostasis on BRCA therapy, with a specific focus on the role of Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 1 (CDK1) and its relationship to copper regulation. A novel thermosensitive hydrogel incorporating nanoparticles (NPs) was engineered to synergize with the chemotherapy drug vincristine (VCR) in inhibiting tumor growth and metastasis.

Daily activities change is linked to acute angle closure occurrence in COVID-19 co-infected patients.

Objectives: To analyze the influence of daily activity-related factors associated with COVID-19 infection on the occurrence of acute angle closure (AAC).

Methods: A multicenter hospital-based study was conducted at 23 ophthalmic centers in 17 provincial-level regions across China to recruit patients with confirmed AAC during the post-lockdown time of COVID-19 (P-TOC) from Dec 7, 2022, to Jan 17, 2023, and three lockdown time of COVID-19 (TOC) periods, which included the TOC-2022 (Sep 7, 2022 - Dec 6, 2022), TOC-2021(Sep 7, 2021 - Jan 6, 2022) and TOC-2020 (Sep 7, 2020 - Jan 6, 2021). Patient information, including demographic, a questionnaire on daily activity changes during the AAC period, COVID-19 history, and eye examination results, was collected.

Targeting protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor type 6 (PTPN6) as a therapeutic strategy in acute myeloid leukemia.

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a heterogeneous hematologic malignancy characterized by the clonal expansion of myeloid progenitor cells. Despite advancements in treatment, the prognosis for AML patients remains poor, highlighting the need for novel therapeutic targets. Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase Non-Receptor Type 6 (PTPN6), also known as SHP-1, is a critical regulator of hematopoietic cell signaling and has been implicated in various leukemias.

Electrochemical and optical methods for detection of cystatin C as a biomarker of kidney disease.

The kidneys have vital functions in the body, including maintaining homeostasis and blood pressure, controlling water-electrolyte balance, and eliminating metabolic wastes. Early identification of renal dysfunction disease and selection of effective treatment methods reduce mortality in patients. Nowadays, Common indicators of kidney function lack the necessary specificity and sensitivity, but recent studies have reported that cystatin C (CysC) may be an ideal marker for glomerular filtration.

Perinuclear compartment controls calcineurin/MEF2 signaling for axonal outgrowth of hippocampal neurons.

Central to the process of axon elongation is the concept of compartmentalized signaling, which involves the A-kinase anchoring protein (AKAP)-dependent organization of signaling pathways within distinct subcellular domains. This spatial organization is also critical for translating electrical activity into biochemical events. Despite intensive research, the detailed mechanisms by which the spatial separation of signaling pathways governs axonal outgrowth and pathfinding remain unresolved.

Molecular mechanism of RB progression and Circ_0082415 inhibits MKLN1 translation to suppress retinoblastoma progression: Changes in mRNA and protein levels.

The molecular mechanism of retinoblastoma (RB) is complex, involving the abnormal regulation of many genes and signaling pathways. The objective of this research was to explore the molecular mechanisms underlying the role of Circ_0082415 in the progression of retinoblastoma (RB), with particular emphasis on its suppressive impact on the translation of MKLN1 and its consequent influence on the advancement of RB. The study quantified the expression levels of Circ_0082415 in both RB cells and normal retinal cells using quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), and subsequently analyzed the trend of Circ_0082415 expression throughout the progression of RB.

A novel approach to explore metabolic diseases: Neddylation.

Protein post translational modification (PTM) is the main regulatory mechanism for eukaryotic cell function, among which ubiquitination is based on the reversible degradation of proteins by the ubiquitin proteasome system to regulate cell homeostasis. The neural precursor cell expressed developmental downregulated gene 8 (NEDD8) is a kind of ubiquitin like protein that shares 80 % homology and 60 % identity with ubiquitin. The PTM process by covalently binding NEDD8 to lysine residues in proteins is called neddylation.

Unraveling the complexities of immunotherapy for thymic epithelial tumors via bioinformatics and experimental analyses.

Introduction: Thymic epithelial tumors (TETs) are rare neoplasms typically located in the anterior mediastinum. While immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) show promise for advanced or refractory TETs, their clinical application is hindered by heterogeneous responses across TET subtypes, lack of reliable predictive markers, and the risk of immune-related adverse events (irAEs).

Methods: We analyzed TCGA, GEO, and GTEx databases to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) among three TET subtypes.

Associations Between Urinary Phthalate Metabolites and Decreased Serum α-Klotho Level: A Cross-Sectional Study Among US Adults in Middle and Old Age.

Phthalates are widely used chemicals with ubiquitous human exposure. Evidence indicated that phthalate exposure was associated with an increased risk of aging-related diseases. Klotho is a transmembrane protein with anti-aging functions, and its association with phthalates remains unknown.

Balloon guide catheters for endovascular thrombectomy in patients with acute ischaemic stroke due to large-vessel occlusion in China (PROTECT-MT): a multicentre, open-label, blinded-endpoint, randomised controlled trial.

Background: The effectiveness of using a balloon guide catheter during endovascular thrombectomy in patients with acute ischaemic stroke due to large vessel occlusion of the anterior circulation remains uncertain. We aimed to assess the effectiveness and safety of using a balloon guide catheter during endovascular thrombectomy, compared with using a conventional guide catheter, in this patient population.

Methods: We conducted a multicentre, open-label, blinded-endpoint, randomised controlled trial at 28 hospitals in China.

AKAP6 controls NFATc4 activity for BDNF-mediated neuroprotection.

Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is known for its potent prosurvival effect. Despite successfully replicating this effect in various clinical and pre-clinical models, the complete characterization of the molecular mechanisms underlying its neuroprotective action remains incomplete. Emerging research suggests a vital role for A-kinase anchoring proteins (AKAPs) as central nodal points orchestrating BDNF-dependent signaling.

[Prevalence of comorbidity of hypertension, diabetes and dyslipidemia and the association between comorbidity and cardiovascular mortality in population aged 40 years and over in Liaoning Province].

To investigate the comorbidity status of hypertension, diabetes, and dyslipidemia (the"three diseases") among residents aged≥40 in Liaoning Province, and to explore the correlation between the comorbidity and cardiovascular disease mortality. This investigation was a prospective cohort study. From February 2017 to March 2019, a multi-stage stratified cluster random sampling method was used to carry out a baseline survey of 18 758 permanent residents aged≥40 years in Liaoning Province.

Associations between tertiary lymphoid structure density and immune checkpoint inhibitor efficacy in solid tumors: systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Tertiary lymphoid structures (TLS) play a crucial role in tumor immunity, yet their relationship with the efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) in cancer therapy is not fully understood. This study aims to systematically evaluate how TLS density influences treatment outcomes in cancer patients receiving ICI therapy.

Methods: The PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science databases were searched for eligible studies published before January 22, 2024.

Gut microbiota modulates depressive-like behaviors induced by chronic ethanol exposure through short-chain fatty acids.

Background: Chronic ethanol exposure (CEE) is recognized as an important risk factor for depression, and the gut-brain axis has emerged as a key mechanism underlying chronic ethanol exposure-induced anxiety and depression-like behaviors. Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), which are the key metabolites generated by gut microbiota from insoluble dietary fiber, exert protective roles on the central nervous system, including the reduction of neuroinflammation. However, the link between gut microbial disturbances caused by chronic ethanol exposure, production of SCFAs, and anxiety and depression-like behaviors remains unclear.

The cellular and molecular mechanisms mediating the protective effects of sodium-glucose linked transporter 2 inhibitors against metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease.

Metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD), formerly known as nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), is a common, highly heterogeneous condition that affects about a quarter of the world's population, with no approved drug therapy. Current evidence from preclinical research and a number of small clinical trials indicates that SGLT2 inhibitors could also be effective for MAFLD. MAFLD is associated with a higher risk of chronic liver disease and multiple extrahepatic events, especially cardiovascular disease (CVD) and chronic kidney disease (CKD).

An exploration of the optimal combination chemotherapy regimen based on neoadjuvant therapy containing pyrotinib for HER2-positive breast cancer: A multicenter real-world study.

Background: The combination of pyrotinib (Py) with cytotoxic agents proved to be effective in early human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-positive breast cancer (BC). However, the optimal chemotherapy regimen is unknown. This study attempts to explore it from real-world research data.

VEGF inhibition increases expression of HIF-regulated angiogenic genes by the RPE limiting the response of wet AMD eyes to aflibercept.

Neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nvAMD) is the leading cause of severe vision loss in the elderly in the developed world. While the introduction of therapies targeting vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) has provided the first opportunity to significantly improve vision in patients with nvAMD, many patients respond inadequately to current anti-VEGF therapies. It was recently demonstrated that expression of a second angiogenic mediator, angiopoietin-like 4 (ANGPTL4), synergizes with VEGF to promote choroidal neovascularization (CNV) in mice and correlates with reduced response to anti-VEGF therapy in patients with nvAMD.

Efficient removal of copper ions and organic dyes using chitosan, pectin, and magnetic hydrogel composites: Structural characterization and adsorption mechanisms.

This study investigates the adsorption efficiencies of twelve hydrogel groups, including chitosan, pectin, sodium alginate, cypress, bitter ginseng, dandelion, persimmon leaf, and magnetic hydrogels, for the removal of copper ions, methylene blue, and congo red from aqueous solutions. The hydrogels were characterized using SEM, XRD, XPS, BET, VSM, TGA, FTIR, and DFT calculations to elucidate their structural and functional properties. Adsorption kinetics, isotherms, and mechanisms were thoroughly analyzed, with models fitted to the experimental data.

Recent advances in copper homeostasis-involved tumor theranostics.

As the third essential trace element in the human body, copper plays a crucial role in various physiological processes, which lays the foundation for its broad applications in cancer treatments. The overview of copper, including pharmacokinetics, signaling pathways, and homeostasis dysregulation, is hereby discussed. Additionally, cuproptosis, as a newly proposed cell death mechanism associated with copper accumulation, is analyzed and further developed for efficient cancer treatment.

CAR-NK cells for gastrointestinal cancer immunotherapy: from bench to bedside.

Background: Gastrointestinal (GI) cancers represent a significant health burden worldwide. Their incidence continues to increase, and their management remains a clinical challenge. Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) natural killer (NK) cells have emerged as a promising alternative to CAR-T cells for immunotherapy of GI cancers.