Instability in the diagnosis of metabolic syndrome in adolescents.

Background: Factor analyses suggest that the structure underlying metabolic syndrome is similar in adolescents and adults. However, adolescence is a period of intense physiological change, and therefore stability of the underlying metabolic structure and clinical categorization based on metabolic risk is uncertain.

Methods And Results: We analyzed data from 1098 participants in the Princeton School District Study, a school-based study begun in 2001-2002, who were followed up for 3 years.

Vaginal microbicides.

This article reviews the current status of microbicide development and challenges faced in developing safe and effective compounds. The ever growing HIV pandemic, lack of effective vaccines against HIV and other sexually transmitted infections, concern about the vulnerability of women, and difficulty in condom negotiation are factors that drive the development of topical microbicides as a prophylactic method for women. The ideal microbicide needs to be safe and highly effective and not increase viral resistance or cause disruption of host defenses.

A Delphi approach to reach consensus on primary care guidelines regarding youth violence prevention.

Objective: Anticipatory guidance is a cornerstone of modern pediatric practice. In recognition of its importance for child well being, injury prevention counseling is a standard element of that guidance. Over the last 20 years, there has been growing recognition that intentional injury or violence is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality among youth.

Medical training in child maltreatment.

Training of medical professionals about child maltreatment may provide useful insights into the means of incorporating violence detection and prevention into healthcare practice. Despite major progress since Caffey and Kempe identified child abuse as a medical issue, more needs to be done to ensure that proper recognition, diagnostic, and reporting strategies are used when faced with the possible abuse and neglect of children. Systematic data concerning training programs are lacking.

Bacterial vaginosis: many questions--any answers?

Purpose Of Review: Bacterial vaginosis, a common disorder among young women, is associated with adverse reproductive health outcomes. This review summarizes our current understanding of bacterial vaginosis and where future research should be focused. Recommendations for prevention, diagnosis, and treatment in both nonpregnant and pregnant populations are discussed.

A provisionally unique syndrome of macrosomia, bone overgrowth, macrocephaly, and tall stature.

We report a young man with intrauterine macrosomia, macrocephaly, and bony abnormalities. Excessive growth continued throughout infancy and childhood. Bone age was advanced.

Familial congenital facial palsy.

Congenital unilateral facial palsy has been described as a distinct entity, but there have been few reports of an isolated unilateral familial form, and no reports with supportive neuroimaging. We studied three males from three generations in the same family. Each had a left facial palsy, which was more pronounced with every successive generation.

Factors predictive of seizures and neurologic outcome in perinatal depression.

To identify which early clinical variables are predictive of outcome in newborns with perinatal depression, we prospectively examined newborns with persistently abnormal neurologic examinations at 48 hours and (1) arterial pH View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Role of neuregulin-1 beta in the developing lung.

Neuregulins play a critical role in the developing heart, nervous, and mammary systems. Neuregulin-1-induced cardiac, neuronal, and mammary differentiation is based on a cell-cell communication model, where the ligand neuregulin-1 is produced and secreted by one cell type, which does not express its receptors erbB3 and erbB4 and acts on neighboring cell types that do express these receptors. We proposed that neuregulin-1 affects fetal lung maturation through a similar mechanism.

Abnormal cholesterol metabolism in Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome.

Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome (SLOS) is a common autosomal recessive disorder. Children with SLOS present with specific facial dysmorphism and have multiple congenital anomalies including cleft palate, congenital heart disease, genitourinary anomalies, and limb abnormalities. They also manifest severe failure to thrive and mental retardation.