Exosomes isolated during dopaminergic neuron differentiation suppressed neuronal inflammation in a rodent model of Parkinson's disease.

Our previous investigation showed Wnt signal pathway was significantly activated during DA neuron differentiation of epiblast-derived stem cells. In this study, we next attempt to examine the therapeutic potential of the purified exosomes derived bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) by administrating exosomes into the rat striatum of parkinson's disease (PD) animal model. Results revealed that the protein levels of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1β, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the substantia nigra of PD rats were down regulated after injection of BMSC induced-Exosomes into the striatum of PD model compared to BMSC quiescent-Exosomes.

Clinicopathological analysis of two cases with pelvis villous adenoma and review of relevant literature.

Villous adenoma is a rare primary tumor of the urinary system, especially the bladder and kidneys. This study presents two cases of right pelvis villous adenoma, including that of a 61-year-old patient who had experienced hematuria for more than 1 year and was diagnosed with bladder and ureteral stones via B-ultrasound examination, and the other one involving a 65-year-old patient who was hospitalized for 6 days due to a right upper quadrant mass and diagnosed with right renal pelvis stones and hydrops via B-ultrasound examination. Both patients underwent nephrectomy, and their histological analysis demonstrated papillary projections covered by columnar cells and goblet cells.