Next frontier in tumor immunotherapy: macrophage-mediated immune evasion.

Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), at the core of immunosuppressive cells and cytokines networks, play a crucial role in tumor immune evasion. Increasing evidences suggest that potential mechanisms of macrophage-mediated tumor immune escape imply interpretation and breakthrough to bottleneck of current tumor immunotherapy. Therefore, it is pivotal to understand the interactions between macrophages and other immune cells and factors for enhancing existing anti-cancer treatments.

RNALocate v2.0: an updated resource for RNA subcellular localization with increased coverage and annotation.

Resolving the spatial distribution of the transcriptome at a subcellular level can increase our understanding of biology and diseases. To facilitate studies of biological functions and molecular mechanisms in the transcriptome, we updated RNALocate, a resource for RNA subcellular localization analysis that is freely accessible at http://www.rnalocate.

Overexpression of miR-132-3p contributes to neuronal protection in in vitro and in vivo models of Alzheimer's disease.

One of the neuropathological hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is accumulation and deposition of amyloid-beta (Aβ) plaques in the hippocampus. Recently, microRNAs (miRNAs), have been demonstrated to play an essential role in AD. We have previously demonstrated that miR-132-3p exerts neuroprotection via regulating histone deacetylase 3 (HDAC3) in a mouse model of AD.

Macrophage migration inhibitory factor in the pathogenesis of leukemia (Review).

Leukemia is a group of malignant diseases of clonal hematopoietic stem‑progenitor cells and its pathological mechanisms remain to be elucidated. Genetic and epigenetic abnormalities, as well as microenvironmental factors, including cytokines, serve critical roles in leukaemogenesis. Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) has been presented as one of the key regulators in tumorigenesis, angiogenesis and tumor metastasis.

Gold Nanoparticles with Dexmedetomidine Regulate GSK-3 to Reduce Neurocognitive Effects in Anesthetized Rats.

The aim of this study was to explore the neurocognitive effects of dexmedetomidine-loaded gold nanoparticles (AuNPs-dexmedetomidine) on anesthetized rats. Sixty Sprague Dawley rats (age, 2-3 weeks; weight, 250-280 g) were randomly divided into three groups ( = 20): the control group and two groups that received intraperitoneal injection of AuNPs-dexmedetomidine at 50 and 100 g/kg each. Western blotting and RT-PCR were used to determine the protein and mRNA expression of GSK-3, respectively.

Unique Biomarker Characteristics in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Identified by LC-MS-Based Metabolic Profiling.

Background: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a type of glucose intolerance disorder that first occurs during women's pregnancy. The main diagnostic method for GDM is based on the midpregnancy oral glucose tolerance test. The rise of metabolomics has expanded the opportunity to better identify early diagnostic biomarkers and explore possible pathogenesis.

Fighting against drug-resistant tumors by the inhibition of γ-glutamyl transferase with supramolecular platinum prodrug nano-assemblies.

Pt(ii)-based antitumor drugs (e.g. cisplatin and oxaliplatin) are one of the most successful and frequently used drugs in cancer chemotherapy at present.

UHRF1 regulates the transcriptional repressor HBP1 through MIF in T acute lymphoblastic leukemia.

Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) has been confirmed as an oncogene in solid tumor development, and its overexpression causes cell proliferation in T acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T‑ALL); however, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. The overexpression of MIF promotes cellular transformation and proliferation, in part, through interaction with UHRF1. Nevertheless, overexpression of UHRF1 cannot upregulate  expression in T‑ALL.

Nano-assembly of ursolic acid with platinum prodrug overcomes multiple deactivation pathways in platinum-resistant ovarian cancer.

As the most common cause of gynecological cancer-related deaths worldwide, ovarian cancer requires novel therapy strategies. Pt(ii)-Based antitumor drugs (e.g.

Light-Driven Cascade Mitochondria-to-Nucleus Photosensitization in Cancer Cell Ablation.

Nuclei and mitochondria are the only cellular organelles containing genes, which are specific targets for efficient cancer therapy. So far, several photosensitizers have been reported for mitochondria targeting, and another few have been reported for nuclei targeting. However, none have been reported for photosensitization in both mitochondria and nucleus, especially in cascade mode, which can significantly reduce the photosensitizers needed for maximal treatment effect.

MiR-30a-5p Regulates GLT-1 Function via a PKCα-Mediated Ubiquitin Degradation Pathway in a Mouse Model of Parkinson's Disease.

Glutamate excitotoxicity is caused by dysfunctional glutamate transporters and plays an important role in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD); however, the mechanisms that underlie the regulation of glutamate transporters in PD are still not fully elucidated. MicroRNAs(miRNA), which are abundant in astrocytes and neurons, have been reported to play key roles in regulating the translation of glutamate-transporter mRNA. In this study, we hypothesized that the miR-30a-5p contributes to the pathogenesis of PD by regulating the ubiquitin-mediated degradation of glutamate transporter 1 (GLT-1).

Simultaneous Uniportal video-assisted thoracic surgery of bilateral pulmonary nodules.

Background: Surgical resection is an appropriate treatment option for synchronous bilateral pulmonary nodules with ground-glass opacities. The applicability of simultaneous uniportal video-assisted thoracic surgery is not fully understood. We evaluated the feasibility and safety of performing such surgeries at our hospital.

Novel Insights into the Molecular Features and Regulatory Mechanisms of Mitochondrial Dynamic Disorder in the Pathogenesis of Cardiovascular Disease.

Mitochondria maintain mitochondrial homeostasis through continuous fusion and fission, that is, mitochondrial dynamics, which is precisely mediated by mitochondrial fission and fusion proteins, including dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1), mitofusin 1 and 2 (Mfn1/2), and optic atrophy 1 (OPA1). When the mitochondrial fission and fusion of cardiomyocytes are out of balance, they will cause their own morphology and function disorders, which damage the structure and function of the heart, are involved in the occurrence and progression of cardiovascular disease such as ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI), septic cardiomyopathy, and diabetic cardiomyopathy. In this paper, we focus on the latest findings regarding the molecular features and regulatory mechanisms of mitochondrial dynamic disorder in cardiovascular pathologies.

Epigenetically silenced linc00261 contributes to the metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma via inducing the deficiency of FOXA2 transcription.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common malignancies worldwide. In recent decades, long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have attracted increasing attention and have been reported to play important roles in human cancers, making them ideal candidates for precise disease assessment and treatment. Our previous study found that the loss of linc00261 was significantly correlated with the malignant biological behaviors of HCC, particularly MVI, and serves as an excellent independent prognostic factor for recurrence-free survival.

Cellinker: a platform of ligand-receptor interactions for intercellular communication analysis.

Motivation: Ligand-receptor (L-R) interactions mediate cell adhesion, recognition and communication and play essential roles in physiological and pathological signaling. With the rapid development of single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) technologies, systematically decoding the intercellular communication network involving L-R interactions has become a focus of research. Therefore, construction of a comprehensive, high-confidence and well-organized resource to retrieve L-R interactions in order to study the functional effects of cell-cell communications would be of great value.

Ahypoxia-related signature enhances the prediction of the prognosis in hepatocellular carcinoma patients and correlates with sorafenib treatment response.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the leading cancer death and is the primary malignancy of the liver. Tumor hypoxia is the stressor that is involved in tumorigenesis and significantly increased the aggressiveness of HCC. Here, we systematically analyzed the expression profiles and prognostic values of 84 hypoxia associated genes in HCC.

A High-Salt Diet Disturbs the Development and Function of Natural Killer Cells in Mice.

A high-salt diet (HSD) is common worldwide and can lead to cardiovascular disease, chronic inflammation, and autoimmune diseases. Moreover, increasing evidence shows that HSD is closely related to a variety of immune diseases. Natural killer (NK) cells are important innate immune cells that directly kill their targets via degranulation and secretion of interferon gamma (IFN-).

Systematic Analysis of the Expression and Prognostic Significance of P4HA1 in Pancreatic Cancer and Construction of a lncRNA-miRNA-P4HA1 Regulatory Axis.

Objectives: Prolyl 4-hydroxylase subunit alpha 1 (P4HA1) plays a crucial role in modulating extracellular matrix component and promoting tumor progression by changing tumor adhesion, migration, and other biological behaviors in some cancers. However, its expression pattern, biological function, and underlying mechanism in pancreatic cancer remain largely unclear.

Materials And Methods: In this study, a set of bioinformatics tools were used to analyze the expression of P4HA1 and its prognostic value in pancreatic cancer.

Pretreatment of Ascorbic Acid Inhibits MPTP-Induced Astrocytic Oxidative Stress through Suppressing NF-B Signaling.

Astrocytes are a major constituent of the central nervous system (CNS). Astrocytic oxidative stress contributes to the development of Parkinson's disease (PD). Maintaining production of antioxidant and detoxification of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS/RNS) in astrocytes is critical to prevent PD.

self-assembly of Au-antimiR-155 nanocomplexes mediates TLR3-dependent apoptosis in hepatocellular carcinoma cells.

MicroRNA 155 (miRNA-155) is frequently dysregulated in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and other cancer types. Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3), a putative miR-155 target, plays a key role in liver pathophysiology, and its downregulation in HCC cells is associated with apoptosis evasion and poor outcomes. Herein, we examined the ability of self-assembled Au-antimiR-155 nanocomplexes (Au-antimiRNA NCs) to activate TLR3 signaling in HCC cells.

Light-activatable liposomes for repetitive on-demand drug release and immunopotentiation in hypoxic tumor therapy.

External stimuli-responsive nanomedicine with desirable repetitive on-demand drug release character is postulated to greatly accommodate patients' flexible medication regime. To this object, light-activatable liposomes (Pt/Ce6-LP) integrated with both a Ce6 photodynamic component and a tetravalent platinum prodrug (Pt(IV)) chemotherapeutic component are engineered. This multifunctional system was rationally designed using unsaturated phospholipid to achieve repetitive on-demand drug release under discontinuous light irradiation, thus performing chemo-photodynamic therapy effect and immunopotentiation in hypoxic tumor.

Progress on the Mechanism for Aspirin's Anti-tumor Effects.

Since its discovery more than 100 years ago, aspirin has been widely used for its antipyretic, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and anti-rheumatic activities. In addition to these applications, it is increasingly becoming clear that the drug also has great potential in the field of cancer. Here, we briefly review the current insights on aspirin's anti-tumor effects.

Circulating metabolomics profiling reveals novel pathways associated with cognitive decline in patients with hypertension.

Background: Hypertension is a significant risk factor for cardiovascular disease, and it is associated with dementia, including Alzheimer's disease (AD). Although it may be correlated with AD in terms of symptoms, the link between hypertension and AD pathological biomarkers, and the potential underlying mechanism of hypertension with cognitive decline, are still not well understood.

Methods: The Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) scores were used to evaluate cognitive function.