[Expert consensus on endoscopic surgery for the pediatric middle ear cholesteatoma based on the classification of cholesteatoma location].

Pediatric middle ear cholesteatoma is an aggressive keratotic lesion caused by abnormal proliferation of keratinised squamous epithelium in the temporal bone, with the characteristics of high postoperative recurrence rate, poor hearing effect and poor quality of life. Endoscopic surgery is able to deal with the majority of pediatric middle ear cholesteatoma cases with the features of minimal trauma and wide surgical field. However, endoscopic surgical treatment still has problems in standardization.

Association between inflammatory bowel disease and the risk of parenteral malignancies: A two-sample Mendelian randomization study.

Aim: Using Mendelian Randomization (MR) analysis to investigate the potential causal association between Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) and the occurrence of parenteral malignancies, in order to provide some reference for the parenteral malignancy prevention in patients with IBD.

Methods: This was a two-sample MR study based on independent genetic variants strongly linked to IBD selected from the Genome-Wide Association Study (GWAS) meta-analysis carried out by the International Inflammatory Bowel Disease Genetics Consortium (IIBDGC). Parenteral malignancy cases and controls were obtained from the FinnGen consortium and the UK Biobank (UKB) release data.

Microbial metabolite butyrate promotes anti-PD-1 antitumor efficacy by modulating T cell receptor signaling of cytotoxic CD8 T cell.

Recent studies have demonstrated that the antitumor immunity of immune cells can be modulated by gut microbiota and their metabolites. However, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we showed that the serum butyric acid level is positively correlated with the expression of programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) on circulating CD8 and Vγ9 Vδ2 (Vδ2) T cells in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

CT-based radiomics signature of visceral adipose tissue for prediction of disease progression in patients with Crohn's disease: A multicentre cohort study.

Background: Visceral adipose tissue (VAT) is involved in the pathogenesis of Crohn's disease (CD). However, data describing its effects on CD progression remain scarce. We developed and validated a VAT-radiomics model (RM) using computed tomography (CT) images to predict disease progression in patients with CD and compared it with a subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT)-RM.

Identification of APC Mutation as a Potential Predictor for Immunotherapy in Colorectal Cancer.

To date, anticancer immunotherapy has presented some clinical benefits to most of advanced mismatch repair deficient (dMMR)/microsatellite instability-high (MSI-H) colorectal cancer (CRC) patients. In addition to MSI status, we aimed to reveal the potential predictive value of adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) gene mutations in CRC patients. A total of 238 Chinese CRC patients was retrospectively identified and analyzed for clinical features and gene alternations in APC-mutant type (MT) and APC-wild-type (WT) groups.

Phase III randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind study of monosialotetrahexosylganglioside for the prevention of oxaliplatin-induced peripheral neurotoxicity in stage II/III colorectal cancer.

Background: Monosialotetrahexosylganglioside (GM1) is a neuroprotective glycosphingolipid that repairs nerves. Oxaliplatin-based chemotherapy is neurotoxic. This study assessed the efficacy of GM1 for preventing oxaliplatin-induced peripheral neurotoxicity (OIPN) in colorectal cancer (CRC) patients receiving oxaliplatin-based chemotherapy.

Clinical characteristics and prognosis of patients with lung adenosquamous carcinoma after surgical resection: results from two institutes.

Background: Adenosquamous carcinoma (ASC) is a mixed glandular and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) with more aggressive behavior than the other histologic subtypes of lung cancer. We aim to evaluate the prognosis of patients with ASC after surgical resection.

Methods: We reviewed records of patients who underwent surgical resection for lung cancer in two institutes between January 2010 and December 2015.

Proportion of Uterine Malignant Tumors in Patients with Laparoscopic Myomectomy: A National Multicenter Study in China.

Background: The Food and Drug Administration recently announced that the use of morcellation may cause fibroids or pelvic dissemination and metastasis of uterine sarcoma; therefore, the use of morcellation is limited in the USA. A large sample study is necessary to assess the proportion of uterine malignant tumors found in patients with laparoscopic myomectomy.

Methods: A national multicenter study was performed in China.

Prediction of potential for organ donation after circulatory death in neurocritical patients.

Background: The success or failure of donation after circulatory death depends largely on the functional warm ischemia time, which is closely related to the duration between withdrawal of life-sustaining treatment and circulatory arrest. However, a reliable predictive model for the duration is absent. We aimed to compare the performance of the Chinese Donation after Circulatory Death Nomogram (C-DCD-Nomogram) and 3 other tools in a cohort of potential donors.

Clonidine preconditioning improved cerebral ischemia-induced learning and memory deficits in rats via ERK1/2-CREB/ NF-κB-NR2B pathway.

Clonidine, a classical α-2 adrenergic agonists, has been shown to antagonize brain damage caused by hypoxia, cerebral ischemia and excitotoxicity and reduce cerebral infarction volume in recent studies. We herein investigate the regulatory effect and possible underlying mechanism of clonidine on learning and memory in rats with cerebral ischemia. The cerebral ischemia rat model was established by right middle cerebral artery occlusion for 2h and reperfusion for 28 days.

Inhibitory effects of pigment epithelium-derived factor on epithelial-mesenchymal transition, migration and invasion of breast cancer.

Objective: Pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) is a ubiquitously expressed secreted protein that suppresses tumor growth and metastasis by targeting tumor cells and their microenvironment. However, the exact mechanism of PEDF on breast cancer metastasis including liver and lung metastasis remains unclear. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a pivotal event in the progression of cancer towards metastasis.

Clonidine preconditioning alleviated focal cerebral ischemic insult in rats via up-regulating p-NMDAR1 and down-regulating NMDAR2A / p-NMDAR2B.

A brain ischemia rat model was established by middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) for 2h and reperfusion for 4h to investigate the underlying mechanism of the neuroprotection action of clonidine, a classical alpha-2 adrenergic agonist, on cerebral ischemia. Clonidine and yohimbine were intraperitoneally given to the rats each day for a week before ischemia. Neurological deficits evaluations were carried out at 6h after operation.

A novel supine isocentric approach for craniospinal irradiation and its clinical outcome.

Objective: To report a novel approach for craniospinal irradiation (CSI) using a supine isocentric technique.

Methods: Patients were treated in the supine position using CT simulation. Half-beam-blocked lateral cranial fields and superior spinal fields have the same isocentre, and their beam divergences match.

miR-9 Mediates CALHM1-Activated ATP-P2X7R Signal in Painful Diabetic Neuropathy Rats.

In this study, we planned to illuminate the mechanisms of the expression and function of CALHM1 in painful diabetic neuropathy (PDN). PDN rat model was constructed. The expression of CALHM1 and miR-9 in rat spinal dorsal horn neurons was detected.

Increased Expression of miR-146a in Children With Allergic Rhinitis After Allergen-Specific Immunotherapy.

Purpose: MicroRNAs (miRs) were recently recognized to be important for immune cell differentiation and immune regulation. However, whether miRs were involved in allergen-specific immunotherapy (SIT) remains largely unknown. This study sought to examine changes in miR-146a and T regulatory cells in children with persistent allergic rhinitis (AR) after 3 months of subcutaneous immunotherapy (SCIT) and sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT).

Noninvasive assessment of liver stiffness by transient elastography (FibroScan) in liver fluke disease.

Aim: Transient elastography is a noninvasive and reliable method for the assessment of liver stiffness. This study aimed to assess liver stiffness of asymptomatic liver fluke disease patients by FibroScan and evaluate the factors influencing liver stiffness.

Methods: Overall, 65 patients were prospectively recruited from The First People's Hospital of Foshan, Guangdong, China.

Effect of Raf kinase inhibitor protein expression on malignant biological behavior and progression of colorectal cancer.

The Raf kinase inhibitor protein (RKIP) is a novel metastasis suppressor. RKIP was previously found to have low expression in a colorectal cancer (CRC) patient cohort by immunohistochemistry. However, the role of RKIP in CRC remains undetermined.

Nomogram for Predicting Time to Death After Withdrawal of Life-Sustaining Treatment in Patients With Devastating Neurological Injury.

Reliable prediction of time of death after withdrawal of life-sustaining treatment in patients with devastating neurological injury is crucial to successful donation after cardiac death. Herein, we conducted a study of 419 neurocritical patients who underwent life support withdrawal at four neurosurgical centers in China. Based on a retrospective cohort, we used multivariate Cox regression analysis to identify prognostic factors for patient death, which were then integrated into a nomogram.

Downregulation of microRNA-23a suppresses prostate cancer metastasis by targeting the PAK6-LIMK1 signaling pathway.

Here we found that levels of miR-23a were decreased in prostate cancer cell lines and tumor tissues. These low levels were associated with poor patients' prognosis. MiR-23a inhibited migration and invasion of prostate cancer in vivo and in orthotopic prostate cancer mice model.

Increased IL-22 level in allergic rhinitis significantly correlates with clinical severity.

Background: IL-22 regulates various processes and has been linked to diverse effects. However, the importance of IL-22 in the pathogenesis of allergic rhinitis (AR) remains poorly understood. This study sought to evaluate the levels of IL-22 and IL-17A in AR patients and their association with clinical severity ofN AR.

Enhanced expression of SAM-pointed domain-containing Ets-like factor in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps.

Objective/hypothesis: Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) is characterized by significant goblet hyperplasia and mucus hypersecretion. However, the molecular mechanism underlying mucin overexpression in CRSwNP has not been well characterized. This study sought to assess the expression of SAM-pointed domain-containing Ets-like factor (SPDEF) and its regulation of mucin production in CRSwNP patients.

Safety and efficacy of transarterial chemoembolization plus sorafenib for hepatocellular carcinoma with portal venous tumour thrombus.

Aim: To evaluate the safety and efficacy of combined therapy with transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) and sorafenib for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with portal venous tumour thrombus (PVTT).

Materials And Methods: This study was approved by the institutional review board. From May 2009 to May 2012, 170 consecutive patients were newly diagnosed with advanced-stage HCC and treated with TACE plus sorafenib.

[Expression of fas and P53 protein in resected non-small cell lung cancer and its prognostic significance].

Background: To study the expressions and its clinical significances of fas and P53 protein in human non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) after complete surgical resection.

Methods: Immunohistochemical stain of fas and P53 was performed on paraffin-embedded sections from 269 NSCLC patients who underwent surgery and were followed up for 1.1 to 122.

[A new applicator with regulatable air bag designed for intracavitary brachytherapy of nasopharyngeal carcinoma].

Background & Objective: Nasopharynx applicator used in intracavitary brachytherapy plays an important role in the radiotherapy of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), its quality affects the efficiency of treatment. This study was to design a new applicator for clinical use.

Methods: An inexpensive, reusable, and flexible latex nasopharynx applicator was designed.