First determination of extracellular paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in the culture medium of toxigenic dinoflagellates by HILIC-HRMS.

Paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP) toxins have received considerable attention in recent years because of their adverse effects on marine breeding industries and human health. In this study, a reliable method for the analysis of extracellular PSP toxins in the culture medium of marine toxic dinoflagellates was developed for the first time using graphitized carbon black-solid-phase extraction and hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry. The limit of quantification of typical PSP toxins in algal culture medium ranged from 0.

Trophodynamics of arsenic for different species in coastal regions of the Northwest Pacific Ocean: In situ evidence and a meta-analysis.

China has been the major fishery producer in the Northwest Pacific Ocean for decades and the seafood safety deserves continuous concern. In this study, 188 organism and 27 sediment samples were collected from the Jiaozhou Bay, a typical semi-enclosed bay adjacent to the Northwest Pacific Ocean, to study the arsenic (As) pollution level and trophodynamics in the coastal regions of China combined with a meta-analysis. Results showed that arsenic was the most abundant in crustaceans with the average of 28.

Occurrence, spatiotemporal variation, and ecological risk of antibiotics in the water of the semi-enclosed urbanized Jiaozhou Bay in eastern China.

The occurrence, temporal variation, and spatial variation of antibiotics in coastal bays and estuaries worldwide are not well documented or understood. Fifteen target antibiotics within the five classes of β-lactams, amphenicols, macrolides, fluoroquinolones, and sulfonamides were measured during the summer and winter in the water of Jiaozhou Bay in China, which is a semi-enclosed urbanized bay. Fourteen antibiotics (excluding tylosin) were detected, thus demonstrating the widespread occurrence of their residues in the bay.

Aqueous photodegradation of okadaic acid and dinophysistoxin-1: Persistence, kinetics, photoproducts, pathways, and toxicity evaluation.

Diarrhetic shellfish poisoning (DSP) toxins are a class of natural organic contaminants that pose a serious threat not only to marine ecosystems and fisheries but also to human health. They are widely distributed in coastal and offshore waters around the world. However, the persistence and photochemical degradation characteristics of DSP in an aqueous environment are still unclear.

Complete genome sequence of Exiguobacterium mexicanum A-EM, isolated from seafloor hydrothermal vents in Atlantic Ocean.

Exiguobacterium mexicanum A-EM was isolated from seafloor hydrothermal vents(Caifan field, 14.0S 14.4 W) and was shown to degrade toxins and contaminants.

Spatiotemporal variations, sources and health risk assessment of perfluoroalkyl substances in a temperate bay adjacent to metropolis, North China.

Fourteen perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in fishery organism, surface seawater, river water, rainwater, and wastewater samples collected from Jiaozhou Bay (JZB) in China and its surrounding area were determined to understand their contamination status, sources, health risk, and causes of spatiotemporal variations in the aquatic environment of a temperate bay adjacent to a metropolis. The total concentration of PFASs in 14 species of fishery organisms ranged from 1.77 ng/g to 31.

The Impact on Antioxidant Enzyme Activity and Related Gene Expression Following Adult Zebrafish () Exposure to Dimethyl Phthalate.

Dimethyl phthalate (DMP) is a widespread environmental contaminant that poses potential toxicity risks for animals and humans. However, the toxicological effects of DMP on fish have not been adequately examined. In this study, the acute toxicity, oxidative damage, antioxidant enzyme activities, and relative gene expression patterns were investigated in the liver of adult zebrafish () exposed to DMP.

Monitoring and warning of lipophilic marine algal toxins in mariculture zone based on toxin profiles of phytoplankton.

Some toxigenic dinoflagellates can produce lipophilic marine algal toxins (LMATs), which are potent threats to marine breeding industries. In this study, a new method based on the profiling analysis of six LMAT classes in phytoplankton was developed for the monitoring and warning of LMATs in mariculture zones. This method was applied to monitor and evaluate LMATs in the Jiaozhou Bay and the Changjiang estuary in China.

A Portable and Accurate Phosphate Sensor Using a Gradient Fabry-Pérot Array.

Here, a portable and accurate phosphate sensor using a gradient Fabry-Pérot array (FPA) is proposed. It can form a bidirectional gradient concentration (absorbance) distribution in the gradient FPA, simplifying the complex operations to get a standard curve and saving time. The gradient FPA can effectively filter out the interference (bubbles, light intensity, and salinity) while improving the absorbance, achieving a highly accurate and stable detection.

Complete genome sequence of Bacillus sp. N1-1, a κ-selenocarrageenan degrading bacterium isolated from the cold seep in the South China Sea.

κ-Selenocarrageenan is made from natural κ-carrageenan, in which Se partially replaces Sulfur (S). The underlying mechanism of κ-selenocarrageenan degradation remain unreported so far. Here, we describe the complete genome of a cold seep bacterium, Bacillus sp.

Spatiotemporal distribution, source, and ecological risk of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the urbanized semi-enclosed Jiaozhou Bay, China.

Coastal contamination by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) is a worldwide issue. Nevertheless, the spatiotemporal distribution of PAHs in the urbanized semi-enclosed bays in China remains relatively uncharacterized. Here we present measurements of 15 priority PAHs in the water and sediment of the Jiaozhou Bay, as well the assessment of their spatiotemporal distribution, sources and ecological risk.

Impact of tidally induced residual circulations on chemical oxygen demand (COD) distribution in Laizhou Bay, China.

To understand the impact of hydrodynamics on pollutant transport in Laizhou Bay, China, we conducted numerical simulations using Mike 21. The model was calibrated with good agreements to field monitoring data at various monitoring stations. The simulation results show a clockwise and an anti-clockwise tidally-induced residual circulation in the western and eastern bay, respectively.

Occurrence and risk assessment of total mercury and methylmercury in surface seawater and sediments from the Jiaozhou Bay, Yellow Sea.

The Jiaozhou Bay is a semi-enclosed bay located in the middle of the Yellow Sea. Effluents from wastewater treatment plants have been carried into the bay, which has significantly increased the deposition of mercury. The spatial distributions of total mercury (THg) and methylmercury (MeHg) in dissolved state, in suspended matters of seawater and surface sediments at 26 locations inside the Jiaozhou Bay and five surrounding rivers in April 2018 were examined.

Occurrence, distribution, source, and influencing factors of lipophilic marine algal toxins in Laizhou Bay, Bohai Sea, China.

The composition, distribution, origin, and influencing factors of lipophilic marine algal toxins (LMATs) in surface seawater and phytoplankton in Laizhou Bay, China, were comprehensively investigated for the first time. Okadaic acid (OA), pectenotoxin-2 (PTX2), dinophysistoxin-1 (DTX1), dinophysistoxin-2 (DTX2), and pectenotoxin-2 seco acid (PTX2 SA) were discovered in surface seawater, whereas PTX2, OA, 7-epi-PTX-2 SA, DTX1, PTX2 SA, PTX11, and DTX2 were found in phytoplankton in a decreasing concentration order. ∑LMAT concentrations in seawater and phytoplankton were 1.

Human visual steady-state responses to amplitude-modulated flicker: Latency measurement.

The response latency of steady-state visually evoked potentials (SSVEPs) is a sensitive measurement for investigating visual functioning of the human brain, specifically in visual development and for clinical evaluation. This latency can be measured from the slope of phase versus frequency of responses by using multiple frequencies of stimuli. In an attempt to provide an alternative measurement of this latency, this study utilized an envelope response of SSVEPs elicited by amplitude-modulated visual stimulation and then compared with the envelope of the generating signal, which was recorded simultaneously with the electroencephalography recordings.

Simultaneous determination of eight neonicotinoid insecticides, fipronil and its three transformation products in sediments by continuous solvent extraction coupled with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.

Neonicotinoids (NEOs) and fipronil (FIP) are insecticides that are widely used in modern agriculture and have received considerable attention in recent years due to their adverse effects on non-target organisms in the environment. In the present study, a new method to simultaneously detect eight common NEO insecticides and FIP and its three transformation products (FIPs) in sediments was developed using high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) based on a combined pretreatment of continuous solvent extraction (CSE) and solid phase extraction (SPE). Under optimized conditions, 5.

Distribution of zooplankton in the Jiangsu coastal area: Relationship with the drift path of green algae.

Four cruises were conducted in the Jiangsu coastal area to trace drift paths of green algae from 2009 to 2012. Zooplankton were sampled using shallow-water plankton net (mesh size: 500 μm). Copepods, pelagic larvae, and cnidarians exhibited the highest species diversities and that of cnidarians increased over time.

Unraveling nonlinear electrophysiologic processes in the human visual system with full dimension spectral analysis.

Natural sensory signals have nonlinear structures dynamically composed of the carrier frequencies and the variation of the amplitude (i.e., envelope).

Distribution Characteristics and Environmental Control Factors of Lipophilic Marine Algal Toxins in Changjiang Estuary and the Adjacent East China Sea.

Marine algal toxins, highly toxic secondary metabolites, have significant influences on coastal ecosystem health and mariculture safety. The occurrence and environmental control factors of lipophilic marine algal toxins (LMATs) in the surface seawater of the Changjiang estuary (CJE) and the adjacent East China Sea (ECS) were investigated. Pectenotoxin-2 (PTX2), okadaic acid (OA), dinophysistoxin-1(DTX1), and gymnodimine (GYM) were detected in the CJE surface seawater in summer, with concentration ranges of not detected (ND)-105.

Marine microplastic-associated bacterial community succession in response to geography, exposure time, and plastic type in China's coastal seawaters.

Microplastics have emerged as new pollutants in oceans. Nevertheless, information of the long-term variations in the composition of plastic-associated microbial communities in coastal waters remains limited. This study applied high-throughput sequencing to investigate the successional stages of microbial communities attached to polypropylene and polyvinyl chloride microplastics exposed for one year in the coastal seawater of China.

Occurrence, migration, and allocation of arsenic in multiple media of a typical semi-enclosed bay.

Under the gradients of salinity and redox, the transportation and distribution of dissolved, particulate, and sedimentary arsenic present differences from estuary to bay. Samples of water, suspended particulate sediment (SPS), and sediment from the Jiaozhou Bay were analyzed. The concentrations of arsenic decreased significantly from the estuaries toward the bay.

Distribution, partitioning, and seasonal variation of lipophilic marine algal toxins in aquatic environments of a typical semi-closed mariculture bay.

Lipophilic marine algal toxins (LMATs) pose a potential threat to the health of marine shellfish consumers and marine breeding industries. In this study, LMATs in dissolved phases (DP) and particulate phases (PP) in the seawater of Jiaozhou Bay were accurately determined over four seasons to understand their composition, level, phase partitioning, spatiotemporal variation, and potential sources in aquatic environments of a typical semi-closed mariculture bay. Various LMATs, such as okadaic acid (OA), dinophysistoxin-1 (DTX1), dinophysistoxin-2 (DTX2), gymnodimine (GYM), 13-desmethyl spirolide C (SPX1), pectenotoxin-2 (PTX2), pectenotoxin-2 seco acid (PTX2 SA), and pectenotoxin-11 (PTX11), were detected in DP and PP; of these, OA and PTX2 were the dominant LMATs in DP and PP, respectively.

Characterization of the complete mitochondrial genome of (Ophiuroidea, Amphiuridae) with phylogenetic analysis.

The complete mitochondrial genome of was 16,084 bp in length (Genbank accession: MN276320). It contained 13 protein-coding genes, 2 ribosomal RNA and 22 transfer RNA. The GC contents of was 37.

Long-term changes in nutrient regimes and their ecological effects in the Bohai Sea, China.

The nutrient regime has changed significantly in the Bohai Sea (BS) during the past six decades because of anthropogenic perturbations. Specifically, the concentration of DIN increased by about 7-fold from the end of the 1950s to the mid-2010s, while DIP and DSi concentrations decreased from the end of the 1950s to the beginning of the 1990s, and have since increased again. Unsynchronized changes in nutrient levels have led to changes in the nutrients structure, which has caused a series of ecological effects.

Distribution and ecotoxicological effects of polyhalogenated carbazoles in sediments from Jiaozhou Bay wetland.

A suite of eight polyhalogenated carbazole (PHCZ) congeners were detected in sediments of the Jiaozhou Bay wetland. 3,6-dichlorocarbazole (36-CCZ), and 3,6-dibromocarbazole (36-BCZ) were detected in all samples. The concentrations of ΣPHCZs ranged from 6.