Single-cell Atlas reveals core function of CPVL/MSR1 expressing macrophages in the prognosis of triple-negative breast cancer.

Background: Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is the most aggressive subtype of breast cancer, with the worst prognosis among all subtypes. The impact of distinct cell subpopulations within the tumor microenvironment (TME) on TNBC patient prognosis has yet to be clarified.

Methods: Utilizing single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) integrated with bulk RNA sequencing (bulk RNA-seq), we applied Cox regression models to compute hazard ratios, and cross-validated prognostic scoring using a GLMNET-based Cox model.

Crosstalk between thyroid CSCs and immune cells: basic principles and clinical implications.

Thyroid cancer has become the most common endocrine malignancy. Although the majority of differentiated thyroid cancers have a favorable prognosis, advanced thyroid cancers, iodine-refractory thyroid cancers, and highly malignant undifferentiated carcinomas still face a serious challenge of poor prognosis and even death. Cancer stem cells are recognized as one of the central drivers of tumor evolution, recurrence and treatment resistance.

Exploring the efficacy of (R)-PFI-2 hydrochloride in mitigating noise-induced hearing loss by targeting NLRP3 inflammasome and NF-κB pathway to reduce inner ear inflammation.

Noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL) is primarily driven by inflammatory processes within the cochlea, where noise exposure triggers the activation of the NOD-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome, leading to an inflammatory cascade. The interaction between increased NLRP3 expression and NF-κB activity can further amplify cochlear inflammation. Our findings reveal that (R)-PFI-2 hydrochloride, a selective inhibitor of the SETD7 enzyme, effectively inhibits the activation of the cochlear NF-κB pathway, suppresses the release of pro-inflammatory factors, and prevents inflammasome assembly.

Acquisition of Speech Prosody in a Non-native Tone Language by Children With and Without Autism Spectrum Disorder.

Purpose: Children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) often show abnormal speech prosody. Tonal languages can pose more difficulties as speakers need to use acoustic cues to make lexical contrasts while encoding the focal function, but the acquisition of speech prosody of non-native languages, especially tonal languages has rarely been investigated.

Methods: This study aims to fill in the aforementioned gap by studying prosodic focus-marking in Mandarin by native Cantonese-speaking children with ASD (n = 25), in comparison with their typically developing (TD) peers (n = 20) and native Mandarin-speaking children (n = 20).

Fecal Microbiota Transplantation Alleviates Airway Inflammation in Asthmatic Rats by Increasing the Level of Short-Chain Fatty Acids in the Intestine.

Asthma is a prevalent chronic inflammatory disorder of the respiratory tract that not only manifests with respiratory symptoms but also often involves intestinal flora disorders and gastrointestinal dysfunction. Recent studies have confirmed the close relationship between the gut and lungs, known as the "gut-lung axis" theory. Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT), a method for restoring normal intestinal flora, has shown promise in treating common gastrointestinal diseases.

Single-dose suraxavir marboxil for acute uncomplicated influenza in adults and adolescents: a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase 3 trial.

Suraxavir marboxil (GP681) is an antiviral drug inhibiting the polymerase acidic protein (PA) of RNA polymerase, of influenza. It has shown therapeutic activity against influenza A and B virus infections in preclinical studies. In this multicenter randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial, we aimed to investigate the efficacy and safety of single-dose suraxavir marboxil (40-mg oral dose) in otherwise healthy outpatients aged 5-65 years with uncomplicated influenza unaccompanied by severe issues.

CD63-high macrophage-derived exosomal miR-6876-5p promotes hepatocellular carcinoma stemness via PTEN/Akt-mediated EMT pathway.

Objective: Accumulating evidence suggests that microRNAs derived from macrophage exosomes can regulate the stemness and progression of cancer. However, the interaction mechanisms between HCC cells and tumor-associated macrophages remain unclear.

Methods: Exosomes were extracted from control or CD63 overexpression macrophages and co-cultured with HCC cells.

Revolutionizing Health Care: The Transformative Impact of Large Language Models in Medicine.

Large language models (LLMs) are rapidly advancing medical artificial intelligence, offering revolutionary changes in health care. These models excel in natural language processing (NLP), enhancing clinical support, diagnosis, treatment, and medical research. Breakthroughs, like GPT-4 and BERT (Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformer), demonstrate LLMs' evolution through improved computing power and data.

Peripheral T-Cell Lymphoma Following Treatment of Hodgkin Lymphoma: Report of One Case and Literature Review.

This article reports a patient with peripheral T cell lymphoma following treatment of Hodgkin lymphoma.The biopsy of cervical lymph node initially confirmed classic Hodgkin lymphoma,with Reed-Sternberg cells expressing CD30 and B cell-specific activator.After 2 years,the disease progressed and the patient was diagnosed with peripheral T-cell lymphoma (non-specific type) by lymph node biopsy,with the expression of CD3,CD4,and CD8.

Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia: a case report and literature review.

Background: Catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia (CPVT) is an inherited ion channelopathy characterized by a structurally normal heart sensitive to catecholamines. It primarily presents as Bidirectional ventricular tachycardia (BiVT) and is a significant cause of sudden cardiac death in children.

Case Presentation: We report our experience with central Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation (ECMO) therapy in a 4-year-old boy with CPVT.

Consistency analysis of two US techniques for evaluating hepatic steatosis in patients with metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease.

Background: US tools to quantify hepatic steatosis have recently been made clinically available by different manufacturers, but comparative data on their consistency are lacking.

Objective: US tools to quantify hepatic steatosis have recently been made clinically available by different manufacturers, but comparative data on their consistency are lacking. The aim of our study was to compare the diagnostic consistency for evaluating hepatic steatosis by two different US techniques, hepatorenal index by B-mode Ratio and attenuation coefficient by attenuation imaging (ATI).

Pharmacokinetics, efficacy, and safety of subcutaneous versus intravenous rituximab in previously untreated Chinese patients with CD20+ diffuse large B-cell lymphoma: a phase II randomized controlled trial.

Subcutaneous (SC) rituximab has demonstrated advantages over intravenous (IV) administration; however, insufficient data exist on its use with cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone (R-CHOP) in Chinese patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). This multicenter, phase II, randomized, controlled study was conducted across China between February 2021 and October 2022. Fifty adult patients with previously untreated CD20-positive DLBCL were randomized to receive one cycle of IV rituximab and seven cycles of SC rituximab (R-CHOP;  = 26), or eight cycles of IV rituximab (R-CHOP;  = 24), combined with six or eight cycles of CHOP.

Platelet factor 4-derived C15 peptide broadly inhibits enteroviruses by disrupting viral attachment.

Unlabelled: Platelet factor 4 (PF4) has been shown to regulate several viral infections. Our previous study demonstrated that PF4 inhibits the entry of enterovirus A 71 (EV71) and coxsackievirus A16 (CA16), which cause hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD). In this study, we report that PF4 also inhibits the circulating HFMD pathogen coxsackievirus A6 (CA6) and the re-emerging enterovirus D68 (EVD68).

Safety and Efficacy of Remote Ischemic Conditioning in Patients With Intravenous Thrombolysis: The SERIC-IVT Trial.

Background: Approximately half of the patients with acute ischemic stroke who receive intravenous thrombolysis (IVT) do not achieve an excellent outcome. Remote ischemic conditioning (RIC) as a promising neuroprotective treatment may improve clinical outcomes in this population. This study aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of RIC in patients with IVT.

A Single-Chain Peptide Probe Targeting Pathological Collagen for Precise Staging of Hepatic Fibrosis by MR Imaging.

Hepatic fibrosis, a chronic liver response to injury with potential severe outcomes like cirrhosis and liver cancer, necessitates urgent noninvasive diagnostic techniques to halt disease progression. We herein for the first time developed a single-chain peptide probe targeting pathological collagen for in vivo magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of hepatic fibrosis. The novel (GhypO) probe, distinguished by its unique monomeric conformation achieved through Pro to (2,4)-hydroxyproline (hyp) substitution and subsequent disruption of hydrogen bonding, exhibits selectivity for pathological collagen over its intact counterpart in connective tissues.

Triptolide Causes Spermatogenic Disorders by Inducing Apoptosis in the Mitochondrial Pathway of Mouse Testicular Spermatocytes.

Triptolide (TP) is a diterpenoid compound extracted from the traditional Chinese medicinal herb Tripterygium wilfordii. It has antitumor and anti-inflammatory effects and stimulates immunity. However, its serious side effects, especially reproductive toxicity, limit its clinical application.

Structure-based discovery of dual-target inhibitors of the helicase from bagaza virus.

Bagaza virus (BAGV) is a mosquito-borne flavivirus and has caused significant avian death in many regions, and also garnered recognition as a significant human pathogen causing diseases like encephalitis. The genome of BAGV encodes ten proteins including three structural proteins and seven nonstructural proteins. The C-terminus of the BAGV NS3 helicase serves as a helicase during BAGV replication, aiding in ATP hydrolysis and unwinding of double-stranded RNA.

Single-electrode electrochemiluminescence immunosensor for multiplex detection of Aquaporin-4 antibody using metal-organic gels as coreactant.

Reliable detection of Aquaporin-4 (AQP4) antibodies is crucial for diagnosing Neuromyelitis Optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD). However, cell-based assays, the most reliable approach, are limited by inadequate instruments. This study reports the use of silver metal-organic gels (Ag-MOGs) as coreactants in a single-electrode electrochemical system (SEES)-based electrochemiluminescence (ECL) immunosensor for multiplex detection of AQP4 antibodies.

Lipomatous ependymoma with ZFTA: RELA fusion-positive: A case report.

Background: Ependymoma with lipomatous differentiation is a rare type of ependymoma. The ZFTA fusion-positive supratentorial ependymoma is a novel tumor type in the 2021 World Health Organization classification of central nervous system tumors. ZFTA fusion-positive lipomatous ependymoma has not been reported to date.

Bioactive Materials Facilitate the Restoration of Neurological Function Post Cerebral Ischemic Stroke.

The recovery process following ischemic stroke is a complex undertaking involving intricate cellular and molecular interactions. Cellular dysfunction or aberrant pathways can lead to complications such as brain edema, hemorrhagic transformation, and glial scar hyperplasia, hindering angiogenesis and nerve regeneration. These abnormalities may contribute to long-term disability post-stroke, imposing significant burdens on both families and society.

U-shaped relationship between serum uric acid and gastric cancer risk: a large prospective cohort study.

Objective: We conducted this study to investigate the relationship between serum uric acid (SUA) levels and the risk of upper gastrointestinal cancer.

Methods: We conducted a prospective cohort study with 475659 cancer-free participants from the UK Biobank. All subjects were grouped into quartiles, and we used a Cox proportional hazards model to analyze the association between SUA levels and the risk of upper gastrointestinal cancer and explore the potential sex-specific relationship.

The impact of ferroptosis and ferroptosis-related non-coding RNAs on breast cancer progression.

Ferroptosis, distinct from apoptosis, is primarily characterized by the accumulation of iron-dependent lipid peroxides (LPO) and reactive oxygen species (ROS). This process plays a pivotal role in the pathophysiology of various diseases and has recently emerged as a promising therapeutic strategy in oncology, garnering significant attention. Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), including microRNAs (miRNAs), long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), and circular RNAs (circRNAs), serve as crucial regulators in numerous biological processes, particularly in cancer initiation and progression.

Crosstalk between ferroptosis and autophagy: broaden horizons of cancer therapy.

Ferroptosis and autophagy are two main forms of regulated cell death (RCD). Ferroptosis is a newly identified RCD driven by iron accumulation and lipid peroxidation. Autophagy is a self-degradation system through membrane rearrangement.

Coronary health index based on immunoglobulin light chains to assess coronary heart disease risk with machine learning: a diagnostic trial.

Background: Recent studies suggest a connection between immunoglobulin light chains (IgLCs) and coronary heart disease (CHD). However, current diagnostic methods using peripheral blood IgLCs levels or subtype ratios show limited accuracy for CHD, lacking comprehensive assessment and posing challenges in early detection and precise disease severity evaluation. We aim to develop and validate a Coronary Health Index (CHI) incorporating total IgLCs levels and their distribution.