Aerosolized plus intravenous polymyxin B in comparison to intravenous polymyxin B alone for the management of HAP caused by carbapenem-resistant gram-negative bacteria: A prospective multicenter cohort study.

Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the clinical effectiveness of combined aerosolized (AER) and intravenous (IV) polymyxin B in managing patients with hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP) caused by carbapenem-resistant gram-negative organism (CRO).

Methods: This multicenter prospective cohort study was conducted across six intensive care units in municipal and above-municipal hospitals in Shaanxi, China, from January 1, 2021 to December 31, 2022. Patients with CRO pneumonia were categorized into the intravenous group (IV polymyxin B alone) and the combination group (AER plus IV polymyxin B).

Dissecting the genetic basis and mechanisms underlying the associations between multiple extrahepatic factors and autoimmune liver diseases.

Background: Autoimmune liver diseases (AILDs) encompass autoimmune hepatitis (AIH), primary biliary cholangitis (PBC), and primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC). The onset of these diseases is fundamentally influenced by genetic susceptibility. Although various extrahepatic factors are potentially linked to AILDs, the genetic underpinnings and mechanisms of these associations remain unclear.

Endovascular single-branched stent graft to treat complicated type B aortic dissection involving aortic arch anomalies.

Background: The optimal treatment of complicated type B aortic dissection (cTBAD) involving arch anomalies remain unclear.

Methods: We consecutively enrolled patients with cTBAD involving arch anomalies who underwent endovascular repair using a single-branched stent graft (SBSG) at our medical center between January 2020 and January 2023. The demographics, clinical manifestation, operation detail, and follow-up outcomes of these patients were retrospectively collected and analyzed.

Cardiomyocyte-specific Piezo1 deficiency mitigates ischemia-reperfusion injury by preserving mitochondrial homeostasis.

Ca overload and mitochondrial dysfunction play crucial roles in myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury. Piezo1, a mechanosensitive cation channel, is essential for intracellular Ca homeostasis. The objective of this research was to explore the effects of Piezo1 on mitochondrial function during myocardial I/R injury.

The Chinese Society of Clinical Oncology (CSCO): Clinical guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of colorectal cancer, 2024 update.

The 2024 updates of the Chinese Society of Clinical Oncology (CSCO) Clinical Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of colorectal cancer emphasize standardizing cancer treatment in China, highlighting the latest advancements in evidence-based medicine, healthcare resource access, and precision medicine in oncology. These updates address disparities in epidemiological trends, clinicopathological characteristics, tumor biology, treatment approaches, and drug selection for colorectal cancer patients across diverse regions and backgrounds. Key revisions include adjustments to evidence levels for intensive treatment strategies, updates to regimens for deficient mismatch repair (dMMR)/ microsatellite instability-high (MSI-H) patients, proficient mismatch repair (pMMR)/ microsatellite stability (MSS) patients who have failed standard therapies, and rectal cancer patients with low recurrence risk.

The Mechanism and Clinical Significance of Sperm DNA Damage in Assisted Reproductive.

The prevalence of sperm DNA fragmentation (SDF) is significantly higher in males with infertility, which is often associated with oligozoospermia and hypospermia. It can also occur in patients with infertility who have normal conventional semen indicators. The etiologies involve aberrations in sperm maturation, dysregulated apoptotic processes, and heightened levels of oxidative stress.

Diagnostic value of digital continuous bowel sounds in critically ill patients with acute gastrointestinal injury: A prospective observational study.

Background: Acute gastrointestinal injury (AGI) is common in intensive care unit (ICU) and worsens the prognosis of critically ill patients. The four-point grading system proposed by the European Society of Intensive Care Medicine is subjective and lacks specificity. Therefore, a more objective method is required to evaluate and determine the grade of gastrointestinal dysfunction in this patient population.

Exposure to green space, nighttime light, air pollution, and noise and cardiovascular disease risk: A prospective cohort study.

Current literature lacks information regarding impacts of green spaces on susceptibility to cardiovascular disease (CVD) related to harmful environmental exposures. The UK Biobank cohort study was utilized to investigate whether green spaces can mitigate risks associated with air pollutants, nighttime light, noise, and traffic intensity. Latent Profile Analysis was performed on green spaces and adverse environmental exposures in order to assess individual level exposure.

Predictive factors influencing hypothyroidism following the radioactive iodine treatment of Graves' disease in different periods.

In China, due to the risks of hypothyroidism after radioiodine treatment, radioiodine is not commonly used as a first-line treatment. In this study, factors influencing the development of hypothyroidism after I therapy for Graves' hyperthyroidism were evaluated. This was a retrospective study with a 12-month follow-up.

THBS2 + cancer-associated fibroblasts promote EMT leading to oxaliplatin resistance via COL8A1-mediated PI3K/AKT activation in colorectal cancer.

Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) exert multiple tumor-promoting functions and are key contributors to drug resistance. The mechanisms by which specific subsets of CAFs facilitate oxaliplatin resistance in colorectal cancer (CRC) have not been fully explored. This study found that THBS2 is positively associated with CAF activation, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and chemoresistance at the pan-cancer level.

Perioperative Changes in Serum Transaminases Levels Predicts Long-Term Survival Following Liver Resection of Hepatocellular Carcinoma.

Background: We sought to define whether and how hepatic ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) as manifested by perioperative aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransaminase (ALT) levels impact long-term outcomes after curative-intent resection of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).

Patients And Methods: Intrasplenic injection of HCC cells was used to establish a murine model of HCC recurrence with versus without I/R injury. Patients who underwent curative resection for HCC were identified from a multi-institutional derivative cohort (DC) and separate external validation (VC) cohort.

Identifying subgroups of ypN1 breast cancer patients who may exempt from axillary lymph node dissection after neoadjuvant chemotherapy: insights from a large cohort study.

Background: In patients with breast cancer staged ypN1 after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC), there is limited evidence-based guidance regarding exemption from axillary lymph node dissection (ALND).

Methods: This study analyzed ypN1 breast cancer patients post-NAC from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results databases. Patients were categorized into the breast-conserving surgery (BCS) group and the total mastectomy (TM) group, and further divided by the number of positive lymph nodes (LNs).

Follicular development and endometrial receptivity of different androgen phenotypes in women with polycystic ovary syndrome.

Objective: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is an important factor contributing to infertility in reproductive-aged women. Hyperandrogenism (HA) plays an important role in the pathogenesis of PCOS. This study was conducted to explore the follicular development and endometrial receptivity of different androgen phenotypes in reproductive-aged patients with PCOS.

Deficiency of myeloid discoidin domain receptor 2 aggravates melanoma lung and bone metastasis.

Melanoma, one of the most prevalent cancers worldwide, frequently metastasizes to the lung and bones. Tumor-associated macrophages play essential roles in melanoma metastasis but the underlying mechanism remains obscure. We previously demonstrated that specific knockout of Ddr2, a receptor tyrosine kinase, exacerbates systemic inflammation via modulating macrophage repolarization.

Lower expression of MMP2, FLNA, and CFL1 is correlated with favorable prognosis in invasive micropapillary breast cancer.

Purpose: Despite its recognized aggressive clinical manifestations, invasive micropapillary carcinoma has a controversial prognosis in comparison to invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast. This retrospective study aimed to explore the prognosis and underlying molecular mechanisms of invasive micropapillary carcinoma.

Methods: Through the SEER database, we compared patients survival outcomes with invasive micropapillary carcinoma versus invasive ductal carcinoma, and developed a nomogram to predict the overall survival of the former group.

In vivo Raman spectroscopy for non-invasive transcutaneous glucose monitoring on animal models and human subjects.

Non-invasive glucose monitoring represents a significant advancement in diabetes management and treatment as non-painful alternatives than finger-sticks tests. After developing an integrated Raman spectral system with a 785 nm laser, this study systematically explores the application of in vivo Raman spectroscopy for quantitative, noninvasive glucose monitoring. In addition to observing characteristic glucose spectral information from a mouse model, a strong spectral correlation was also recognized with the blood glucose concentration.

Higher Tumor/Organ Accumulation Ratio of Porous Dual Infinite Coordination Polymer Nanocomposites for Efficient Tumor Photothermal-Starvation-Dual Hypoxia Chemo Synergistic Therapy.

To enhance tumor comprehensive therapeutic effect of nanomedicines, an efficient strategy that integrates polydopamine and IR780 photothermal therapy, glucose oxidase (GOx) starvation therapy, Banoxantrone (AQ4N) and Tirapazamine (TPZ) dual hypoxia chemotherapy is developed in chronological order. Higher tumor accumulation of porous dual infinite coordination polymer nanocomposites are designed and prepared to implement this strategy, in which fluorescent dye IR780 doped hypoxic prodrugs AQ4N and TPZ coordinated with Cu(II) as the core, this core is encapsulated by GOx-loaded porous polydopamine coordinated with Fe(III) (Fe-MPDA). These nanocomposites exhibit a particle dimension of 118.

Weakly supervised learning in thymoma histopathology classification: an interpretable approach.

Introduction: Thymoma classification is challenging due to its diverse morphology. Accurate classification is crucial for diagnosis, but current methods often struggle with complex tumor subtypes. This study presents an AI-assisted diagnostic model that combines weakly supervised learning with a divide-and-conquer multi-instance learning (MIL) approach to improve classification accuracy and interpretability.

Thromboembolic events associated with immune checkpoint inhibitors in cancer patients: A Bayesian network meta-analysis.

Background: Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), which offer previously unknown therapeutic advantages, have revolutionized cancer treatment. However, the risk of thromboembolic events (TEEs) associated with ICIs remains unclear. The aim of this network meta-analysis (NMA) was to evaluate the incidence of TEEs in cancer patients receiving different treatment regimens.

Global research hotspots and trends of theta burst stimulation from 2004 to 2023: a bibliometric analysis.

Background: Theta burst stimulation (TBS) has garnered widespread attention in the scientific community, but a comprehensive bibliometric analysis of TBS research remains absent. This study aims to fill this gap by elucidating the characteristics, hotspots, and trends in TBS publications over the past 20 years using bibliometric methods.

Methods: We retrieved TBS-related publications from January 1, 2004, to December 31, 2023, from the Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC).

Gut microbiota dysbiosis promotes cognitive impairment via bile acid metabolism in major depressive disorder.

Evidence suggests that complex interactions among the gut microbiome, metabolic abnormalities, and brain have important etiological and therapeutic implications in major depressive disorder (MDD). However, the influence of microbiome-gut-brain cross-talk on cognitive impairment in MDD remains poorly characterized. We performed serum metabolomic profiling on 104 patients with MDD and 77 healthy controls (HCs), and also performed fecal metagenomic sequencing on a subset of these individuals, including 79 MDD patients and 60 HCs.

Overexpression of lncRNA LINC00294 Induces Cell Cycle Arrest and Apoptosis in Colorectal Cancer by Regulating the miR-499a-5p/LARP4B Axis.

Increasing long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been found to participate in regulating the progression of colorectal cancer (CRC), which is a common gastrointestinal malignancy. Here, the specific role and mechanisms of lncRNA LINC00294 were investigated in CRC. The expression levels of LINC00294, miR-499a-5p, and La-related protein 4B (LARP4B) in CRC cells (HCT116 and SW620) and tissues were assessed by RT-qPCR.

UDP-glucuronosyltransferases 2A3 as a biomarker for ulcerative colitis and colon cancer.

Background: Ulcerative colitis has a serious impact on the quality of life of patients and is more likely to progress to colon cancer. Therefore, early diagnosis and timely intervention are of considerable importance.

Methods: Gene expression data of active ulcerative colitis were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database, and genes with significant differential expression were identified.