Epidemiological investigation of lower respiratory tract infections during influenza A (H1N1) pdm09 virus pandemic based on targeted next-generation sequencing.

Background: Co-infection has been a significant contributor to morbidity and mortality in previous influenza pandemics. However, the current influenza A (H1N1) pdm09 virus pandemic, as the first major outbreak following the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, may differ epidemiologically. Further investigation is necessary to understand the specific features and impact of this influenza A pandemic.

The PG-SGA outperforms the NRS 2002 for nutritional risk screening in cancer patients: a retrospective study from China.

Background And Aims: As a chronic wasting disease, cancer can lead to metabolic and physiological changes in patients, resulting in severe malnutrition. Therefore, accurate assessment of nutritional status and adoption of scientifically sound nutritional interventions are of great importance for patients with cancer. This study aimed to assess the necessity of implementing the Nutrition Risk Screening 2002 (NRS 2002) tool in conjunction with the Patient-Generated Subjective Global Assessment (PG-SGA) in patients with cancer.

Endovascular treatment for severe cerebral venous sinus thrombosis in a patient with polycythemia vera and nephrotic syndrome: a case report.

Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis (CVST) is a rare cerebrovascular disease that can occur at any age and generally has a good prognosis. Polycythemia vera and nephrotic syndrome are uncommon risk factors for cerebral venous sinus thrombosis. A dilemma exists in the treatment of cerebral venous sinus thrombosis with polycythemia vera and nephrotic syndrome, as some cases are refractory to first-line therapy.

The cytotoxicity of T cells in non-small cell lung cancer mediated via coordination of the BCL-2 and AKT pathways.

The effectiveness and mechanisms of T-cell immunotherapy in lung cancer remain unclear. In this study, we assessed the effects of continuous, low-dose T-cell intervention on lung cancer cells. We cultured T cells with a lung cancer cell line (A549) and replaced the T-cell population every 48 hours.

Outcomes Following Different Thermal Ablation Strategies in Patients with Unresectable Colorectal Liver Metastases.

Background For patients with unresectable colorectal liver metastases (CRLM), clinical guidelines recommend imaging-guided thermal ablation combined with systemic therapy. However, the optimal thermal ablation strategy remains unclear. Purpose To compare long-term outcomes between patients who underwent upfront ablation or delayed ablation for unresectable CRLM.

The efficacy of fat-free mass index and appendicular skeletal muscle mass index in cancer malnutrition: a propensity score match analysis.

Background: Reduced muscle mass (RMM) is a phenotypic criterion for malnutrition; the appendicular skeletal muscle mass index (ASMI) and fat-free mass index (FFMI) are both applicable indicators in the global leadership initiative on malnutrition (GLIM) guideline. However, their sensitivity and prognostic effect remain unclear.

Methods: Clinical data of 2,477 patients with malignant tumors were collected.

Clinical-pathological features and muscle imaging findings in 36 Chinese patients with rimmed vacuolar myopathies: case series study and review of literature.

Introduction: Rimmed vacuolar myopathies (RVMs) are a group of genetically heterogeneous diseases that share histopathological characteristics on muscle biopsy, including the aberrant accumulation of autophagic vacuoles. However, the presence of non-coding sequences and structural mutations, some of which remain undetectable, confound the identification of pathogenic mutations responsible for RVMs. Therefore, we assessed the clinical profiles and muscle magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) changes in 36 Chinese patients with RVMs, emphasizing the role of muscle MRI in disease identification and differential diagnosis to propose a comprehensive literature-based imaging pattern to facilitate improved diagnostic workup.

Clinical efficacy of fulvestrant versus exemestane as first-line therapies for Chinese postmenopausal oestrogen-receptor positive /human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 -advanced breast cancer (FRIEND study).

Aim: To compare the efficacies of exemestane and fulvestrant as first-line monotherapies for postmenopausal Chinese women having advanced oestrogen-receptor positive (ER+)/ human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-breast cancer (ER+/HER2- ABC) after a previous treatment for ≥2 years with an adjuvant non-steroidal aromatase inhibitor.

Methods: In this randomised, open-label, multi-centre, parallel-controlled phase 2 FRIEND study, 145 postmenopausal ER+/HER2- ABC patients were assigned into fulvestrant (500 mg on days 0, 14 and 28, and then at every 28 ± 3 days, n = 77) and exemestane (25 mg/day, n = 67) groups. The primary outcome was progression-free survival (PFS), while the secondary outcomes were disease control rate, objective response rate, time to treatment failure, duration of response and overall survival.

New nomogram for predicting lymph node positivity in pancreatic head cancer.

Background: Pancreatic cancer is one of the most malignant cancers worldwide, and it mostly occurs in the head of the pancreas. Existing laparoscopic pancreaticoduodenectomy (LPD) surgical techniques have has undergone a learning curve, a wide variety of approaches for the treatment of pancreatic cancer have been proposed, and the operation has matured. At present, pancreatic head cancer has been gradually changing from "surgeons' evaluation of anatomical resection" to "biologically inappropriate resection".

Development and validation of an online dynamic nomogram system for predicting cancer cachexia among inpatients: a real-world cohort study in China.

Background: Early recognition of cachexia is essential for ensuring the prompt intervention and treatment of cancer patients. However, the diagnosis of cancer cachexia (CC) usually is delayed. This study aimed to establish an accurate and high-efficiency diagnostic system for CC.

Association between the CASC16 rs4784227 polymorphism and breast cancer risk and prognosis in a northeast Chinese Han population.

Background: Breast cancer (BC) poses a serious threat to women worldwide. This research was designed to explore the association between the rs4784227 polymorphism of cancer susceptibility candidate gene 16 () and BC susceptibility and prognosis, aiming to provide further information for the early detection of BC and to accelerate comprehensive cancer management.

Methods: A total of 1,733 subjects were recruited for this case-control study, of which 828 are BC patients and 905 are healthy individuals.

Idiopathic membranous nephropathy with renal amyloidosis: A case report.

Background: Immunoglobulin light chain amyloidosis is a clonal, non-proliferative plasma cell disorder, in which fragments of immunoglobulin light chain are deposited in tissues. Clinical features depend on organs involved but can include restrictive cardiomyopathy, nephrotic syndrome, hepatic failure, peripheral/autonomic neuropathy, and atypical multiple myeloma. Membranous nephropathy (MN) is a group of diseases characterized by deposition of immune complexes under the epithelial cells of glomerular basement and diffuse thickening of the basement membrane.

Goals, challenges and strategies for wound and bleeding management in total knee arthroplasty: A modified Delphi method.

Background: Surgical techniques related to soft tissue management play critical roles in optimizing surgical outcomes and patient satisfaction in total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Despite the importance of wound closure and bleeding management approaches, no published guidelines/consensus are available.

Methods: Twelve orthopedic surgeons participated in a modified Delphi panel consisting of 2 parts (each part comprising two rounds) from September-October 2018.

Intracranial hemorrhage in large vessel occlusion patients receiving endovascular thrombectomy with or without intravenous alteplase: a secondary analysis of the DIRECT-MT trial.

Background: Alteplase before thrombectomy for patients with large vessel occlusion stroke raises concerns regarding an increased risk of intracranial hemorrhage (ICH), but the details of this relationship are not well understood.

Methods: This was a secondary analysis of the DIRECT-MT trial. ICH and its subtypes were independently reviewed and classified according to the Heidelberg Bleeding Classification.

Endovascular treatment for acute basilar artery occlusion due to different stroke etiologies of large artery atherosclerosis and cardioembolism.

Introduction: Stroke etiology may affect the prognosis of acute basilar artery occlusion (BAO). This study aimed to estimate the efficacy and safety of endovascular treatment (EVT) in BAO strokes due to the underlying stroke etiologies of large artery atherosclerosis (LAA) and cardioembolism (CE).

Patients And Methods: Patients with LAA and CE subtypes from the registry EVT for Acute Basilar Artery Occlusion Study (BASILAR) were selected for this analysis.

[A multicenter retrospective study on the efficacy of different anti-reflux reconstruction methods after proximal gastrectomy for gastric cancer].

To examine the clinical efficacy of 3 anti-reflux methods of digestive tract reconstruction after proximal gastrectomy for gastric cancer. The clinical data and follow-up data of gastric cancer patients who underwent anti-reflux reconstruction after proximal gastrectomy in 11 medical centers of China from September 2016 to August 2021 were retrospectively collected, including 273 males and 65 females, aging of (63±10) years (range: 28 to 91 years). Among them, 159 cases were performed with gastric tube anastomosis (GTA), 107 cases with double tract reconstruction (DTR), and 72 cases with double-flap technique (DFT), respectively.

Effect of Intravenous Tirofiban vs Placebo Before Endovascular Thrombectomy on Functional Outcomes in Large Vessel Occlusion Stroke: The RESCUE BT Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: Tirofiban is a highly selective nonpeptide antagonist of glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptor, which reversibly inhibits platelet aggregation. It remains uncertain whether intravenous tirofiban is effective to improve functional outcomes for patients with large vessel occlusion ischemic stroke undergoing endovascular thrombectomy.

Objective: To assess the efficacy and adverse events of intravenous tirofiban before endovascular thrombectomy for acute ischemic stroke secondary to large vessel occlusion.

Renal amyloidogenic leukocyte chemotactic factor 2 combined with IgA nephropathy: A case report.

Rationale: Amyloidogenic leukocyte chemotactic factor 2 (ALECT2) was recently considered as a new clinicopathologic type of amyloid, which frequently affects kidney in adults and results in different degrees of renal insufficiency and failure with or without proteinuria. Here, we present a case of combining LECT2-associated renal amyloidosis with immunoglobulin (Ig)A nephropathy.

Patient Concerns: A 71-year-old Chinese man presented with edema of both lower extremities.

Toll-Like Receptor Signaling in Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2-Induced Innate Immune Responses and the Potential Application Value of Toll-Like Receptor Immunomodulators in Patients With Coronavirus Disease 2019.

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are key sensors that recognize the pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) to activate innate immune response to clear the invading virus. However, dysregulated immune responses may elicit the overproduction of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines, resulting in the enhancement of immune-mediated pathology. Therefore, a proper understanding of the interaction between SARS-CoV-2 and TLR-induced immune responses is very important for the development of effective preventive and therapeutic strategies.

Lower urinary tract symptoms in an elderly women caused by degeneration of the pubic symphysis.

Background: Lower urinary tract symptoms are very common in elderly women, and transvaginal delivery and multiple deliveries have been confirmed to be risk factors. Transvaginal delivery and multiple deliveries may lead to an increase in pubic symphysis degeneration.

Case Presentation: A 79-year-old woman consulted a urologist because of worsening lower urinary tract symptoms such as frequent urination and urodynia.

Development of Formulas for Calculating L3 Skeletal Muscle Mass Index and Visceral Fat Area Based on Anthropometric Parameters.

Background: The anthropometric index is not accurate but shows a great advantage in accessibility. Simple body composition formulas should be investigated before proceeding with the universal nutrition screening.

Materials And Methods: Clinical data of patients with a malignant tumor of the digestive system were collected.

Structured training curriculums for transanal total mesorectal excision in China: refinement is needed.

Background: Transanal total mesorectal excision (TaTME) is an alternative for mid-low rectal cancer. In China, this procedure has been performed in high-volume centers with structured training curriculums. The efficacy of the TaTME structured training curriculums in China is still unclear.

Selinexor plus low-dose dexamethasone in Chinese patients with relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma previously treated with an immunomodulatory agent and a proteasome inhibitor (MARCH): a phase II, single-arm study.

Background: Selinexor 80 mg combined with low-dose dexamethasone (Sd) demonstrated significant clinical benefit in patients with relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma (RRMM) who had disease refractory to a proteasome inhibitor (PI), an immunomodulator (IMiD), and an anti-CD38 monoclonal antibody based on a global phase II STORM study. The present study, MARCH, addresses China regulatory needs to further validate the data from STORM in Chinese patients with RRMM.

Methods: The MARCH study was conducted at 17 sites in China, where eligible Chinese RRMM patients who had disease refractory to PI and IMiD were enrolled.