Cancer photo-immunotherapy: from bench to bedside.

Targeted therapy and immunotherapy in combination is considered the ideal strategy for treating metastatic cancer, as it can eliminate the primary tumors and induce host immunity to control distant metastases. Phototherapy, a promising targeted therapy, eradicates primary tumors using an appropriate dosage of focal light irradiation, while initiating antitumor immune responses through induced immunogenic tumor cell death. Recently, phototherapy has been employed to improve the efficacy of immunotherapies such as chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy and immune checkpoint inhibitors.

Human Acellular Dermal Matrix Augmentation Phalloplasty Surgery.

Introduction And Objective: Many men often have the need to enlarge their penises for psychological gain and to satisfy or to impress their partners. Many surgical techniques have been reported. However, none is the gold standard.

Icotinib as Adjuvant Treatment for Stage II-IIIA Lung Adenocarcinoma Patients with EGFR Mutation (ICWIP Study): Study Protocol for a Randomised Controlled Trial.

The efficacy and possible role of epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors in treating early-stage non-small-cell lung cancer have yet to be established. Therefore, we aimed to explore the efficacy and safety of icotinib in completely resected EGFR-mutant stage II-IIIA lung adenocarcinoma patients who underwent standard chemotherapy. This is a randomised, double-blinded, placebo-controlled, multicentre, Phase III trial.

MTERFD1 promotes cell growth and irradiation resistance in colorectal cancer by upregulating interleukin-6 and interleukin-11.

The role of the novel oncogene, mitochondrial transcription termination factor (MTERFD1), in human colorectal cancer (CRC) is unclear. Here, we report the role MTERFD1 in CRC. We conducted plasmid construction and transfection analyses, cell proliferation assays, apoptosis detection assays, ELISA, western blotting, and qRT-PCR using cell culture applications.

P4HA1/HIF1α feedback loop drives the glycolytic and malignant phenotypes of pancreatic cancer.

Hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF1α) activation is profoundly implicated in the initiation and progression of multiple malignant tumors. Prolyl 4-hydroxylase subunit alpha 1 (P4HA1) is the active catalytic component of prolyl 4-hydroxylase and has been reported to promote tumor progression in several cancers. In this study, we revealed that P4HA1 was highly expressed in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) and predicted a poor clinical outcome.

HMGA1 promoting gastric cancer oncogenic and glycolytic phenotypes by regulating c-myc expression.

The high mobility group A1 (HMGA1) protein, an architectural transcription factor, is profoundly implicated in the pathogenesis and progression of multiple malignant tumors. Reprogrammed energy metabolism is a hallmark of diverse types of cancer cells. However, little is known about the regulatory role of HMGA1 in aerobic glycolysis.

A Chinese family with familial hemiplegic migraine type 2 due to a novel missense mutation in .

Background: has been identified as the genetic cause of familial hemiplegic migraine type 2. Over 80 mutations have been reported, but no data from Chinese family studies has been included. Here, we report the first familial hemiplegic migraine type 2 Chinese family with a novel missense mutation.

Phototherapy using immunologically modified carbon nanotubes to potentiate checkpoint blockade for metastatic breast cancer.

Metastasis is the major cause of cancer-death. Checkpoint inhibition shows great promise as an immunotherapeutic treatment for cancer patients. However, most currently available checkpoint inhibitors have low response rates.

Nanotechnology-based photoimmunological therapies for cancer.

Phototherapy is a non-invasive or minimally invasive therapeutic strategy. Immunotherapy uses different immunological approaches, such as antibodies, vaccines, immunoadjuvants, and cytokines to stimulate the host immune system to fight against diseases. In cancer treatment, phototherapy not only destroys tumor cells, but also induces immunogenic tumor cell death to initiate a systemic anti-tumor immune response.

Bevacizumab and stereotactic radiosurgery achieved complete response for pediatric recurrent medulloblastoma.

Recurrent medulloblastoma has a very poor prognosis in children regardless of the treatment employed. We report the case of a 3-year-old child with recurrent refractory medulloblastoma who was treated with both bevacizumab and stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS). The boy was found to harbor a tumor in the cerebral posterior fossa in November 2010.

Effects of Exendin-4 on pancreatic islets function in treating hyperglycemia post severe scald injury in rats.

Background: It has been established that glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP 1) inhibits pancreatic β-cell apoptosis, increases insulin secretion, and improves glucose tolerance in scald injury. However, the effects of Exendin-4, a long-acting incretin similar to GLP 1, remained unclear in severe scald injury. Hence, this study attempted to investigate whether Exendin-4 had similar effects by protecting the histology of pancreas in severely scalded rats.

Directed Differentiation of Human Corneal Endothelial Cells From Human Embryonic Stem Cells by Using Cell-Conditioned Culture Media.

Purpose: A shortage of human corneal endothelial cells (HCEC) for transplant and current methods of differentiation induction require chemical compounds, which might cast further influences after differentiation induction. Therefore, we developed a simple and straightforward approach to endothelial cell differentiation from human embryonic stem cells (hESC).

Methods: HESC are used to differentiate into HCEC by employing a two-stage method, which involves the application of two different types of conditioned culture medium, human corneal stromal cell-conditioned medium (HCSC-CM) and lens epithelial cell (LEC) plus HCSC-CM (LEC-CM+HCEC-CM).

Nicotine exposure impairs germ cell development in human fetal ovaries cultured .

In the present paper, we found that human fetal ovaries (at ~16 weeks) express the transcripts for several subunits of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR). Exposure to the drug resulted in the marked increase of apoptosis in the ovaries in a time and dose-dependent manner. Evidence that adverse nicotine effects are potentially due to an increased level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and consequent DNA damage, both in the ovarian somatic cells and germ cells, are reported.

CCND1 rs9344 polymorphism is associated with the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma in Caucasian population.

Aims: Some studies investigated the association between CCND1 rs9344 polymorphism and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) risk. However, the results were inconclusive. Thus, we did a meta-analysis to determine this relationship.

[Value of Magnetic Resonance Imaging Findings in Differential Diagnosis between the Adult Reversible Splenial Lesion Syndrome and Ischemic Infarction of the Splenium of the Corpus Callosum].

Objective To evaluate the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings in differential diagnosis between the adult reversible splenial lesion syndrome (RESLES) and ischemic infarction of the splenium of the corpus callosum (SCC). Methods The MRI findings and clinical data of 7 RESLES patients and 13 patients with ischemic infarction of SCC who were clinically diagnosed and treated in our center from May 2015 to June 2017 were analyzed retrospectively. The main MRI findings included location,morphology,signal intensity,maximum cross-sectional area,diffusion weighted imaging (DWI),and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) value.

Protective effects of melatonin against nicotine-induced disorder of mouse early folliculogenesis.

In this paper, we show that neonatal mice injected for five consecutive days with nicotine display impaired germ cell cyst breakdown and primordial follicle assembly resulting in decreased ovarian reserve lasting until sex maturation age. The effects of nicotine on the pups ovaries were associated with decreased expression of oocyte specific genes such as , , and . Moreover, the ovaries of pups injected with nicotine showed increased level of cell oxidative stress and autophagic markers (upregulation of AMPKα-1, increased ratio LC3-II/LC3-I, downregulation of AKT and mTOR).

PD-1, FOXP3, and CSF-1R expression in patients with Hodgkin lymphoma and their prognostic value.

Despite advances in the treatment of Hodgkin lymphoma (HL), there is a need for development of reliable prognostic biomarkers and improved stratification of patients for effective therapeutic intervention. The immune microenvironment is the key to HL pathophysiology. The aim of this study was to identify expression of microenvironment-related biomarkers (PD-1, FOXP3, and CSF-1R) immunohistochemically and determine their association with clinicopathological features and prognosis in HL.

Autologous chyle fat grafting for the treatment of hypertrophic scars and scar-related conditions.

Background: Scarring is the product of natural restoration, yet its treatment remains challenging. Both collagen and fibroblasts are abnormally abundant in scars, leading to scar hyperplasia or contracture. Several clinical studies have reported that wrinkles at the recipient site are reduced, pores are narrowed, pigmentation is decreased, and skin is softened after autologous fat transplantation.

Clinical evaluation of haploidentical hematopoietic combined with human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells in severe aplastic anemia.

Background: This study not only evaluated the clinical effects of treatment using haploidentical hematopoietic stem cells (haplo-HSCs) combined with human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (UC-MSCs) in patients with severe aplastic anemia (SAA), but also investigated the factors related to graft versus host disease (GVHD).

Methods: Cotransplantation of haplo-HSCs and UC-MSCs was performed in 24 SAA patients. The conditioning regimens consisted of rabbit anti-human T-lymphocyte immunoglobulin (ATG), cyclophosphamide, and fludarabine with or without busulfan.

[Clinical Efficacy of Decitabine Combined with or without Cytarabine-based Low Dose Regimen for Senile patients with Acute Myeloid Leukemia].

Objective: To investigate the therapeutic effectiveness and side effects of decitabine combined with or without cytarabine-based low dose regimen for acute myeloid leukemia in geratic patients.

Methods: Clinical data of 8 geratic patients (aged over 70 years) suffered from acute myeloid leukemia from September 2009 to March 2012 were analyzed retrospectively, including age, sex, peripheral blood and bone marrow characteristics and so on. These patients were treated by an 1-hour intravenous infusion of decitabine 20 mg/m per day for 5 consecutive days every 4 weeks combined with or without low dose regimen dominantly consisting of cytarabine 20 mg per day as subcutaneous injection for seven consecutive days.

Global scientific productivity in the field of PET: a 10-year survey of research activities.

Objective: The objective of this study was to assess global research output in the field of PET and to provide a general picture of PET research.

Materials And Methods: Publications on PET from 2007 to 2016 were identified using the Web of Science. The total number of papers, the number of papers adjusted by gross domestic product (GDP)/population size, total citations, and average citations were investigated.

Disrupted coupling of large-scale networks is associated with relapse behaviour in heroin-dependent men.

Background: It is unknown whether impaired coupling among 3 core large-scale brain networks (salience [SN], default mode [DMN] and executive control networks [ECN]) is associated with relapse behaviour in treated heroin-dependent patients.

Methods: We conducted a prospective resting-state functional MRI study comparing the functional connectivity strength among healthy controls and heroin-dependent men who had either relapsed or were in early remission. Men were considered to be either relapsed or in early remission based on urine drug screens during a 3-month follow-up period.

The impact of metformin use on survival in prostate cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Metformin has been implicated to reduce the risk of prostate cancer (PCa) beyond its glucose-lowering effect. However, the influence of metformin on prognosis of PCa is often controversial.

Results: A total of 13 cohort studies encompassing 177,490 individuals were included in the meta-analysis.