Role of AhR-Hsp90-MDM2-mediated VDR ubiquitination in PM2.5-induced renal toxicity.

Background And Objectives: The kidney is a primary target for the accumulation of particulate matter (PM2.5). This study aimed to investigate PM2.

Simulation to become a better neurosurgeon. An international prospective controlled trial: The Passion study.

Introduction: Surgical training traditionally adheres to the apprenticeship paradigm, potentially exposing trainees to an increased risk of complications stemming from their limited experience. To mitigate this risk, augmented and virtual reality have been considered, though their effectiveness is difficult to assess.

Research Question: The PASSION study seeks to investigate the improvement of manual dexterity following intensive training with neurosurgical simulators and to discern how surgeons' psychometric characteristics may influence their learning process and surgical performance.

Cullin 5 aggravates hypoxic pulmonary hypertension by activating TRAF6/NF-κB/HIF-1α/VEGF.

Hypoxic pulmonary hypertension (HPH) lacks effective pharmacologic treatments. Microarray-based gene expression indicates the crucial role of Cullin 5 (Cul 5) in HPH. This study showed that Cul 5 was upregulated in HPH patients and a murine model of HPH.

Identification of biomarkers related to copper metabolism in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension.

Background: The pathogenesis of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) and associated biomarkers remain to be studied. Copper metabolism is an emerging metabolic research direction in many diseases, but its role in PAH is still unclear.

Methods: PAH-related datasets were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus database, and 2067 copper metabolism-related genes (CMGs) were obtained from the GeneCards database.

New insights into the treatment mechanisms of Vitamin D on PM-induced toxicity and inflammation in mouse renal tubular epithelial cells.

Background: Particulate matter (PM) could induce renal injury other than lung and heart damage. The renal injury always displays in the way of renal inflammation. Vitamin D (VitD) has been identified as renal-protective factor with its anti-inflammatory effect.

Tailor-Made Nanomaterials for Diagnosis and Therapy of Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma.

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the deadliest cancers worldwide due to its aggressiveness and the challenge to early diagnosis and treatment. In recent decades, nanomaterials have received increasing attention for diagnosis and therapy of PDAC. However, these designs are mainly focused on the macroscopic tumor therapeutic effect, while the crucial nano-bio interactions in the heterogeneous microenvironment of PDAC remain poorly understood.

IRF4 in Skeletal Muscle Regulates Exercise Capacity via PTG/Glycogen Pathway.

Exercise-induced fatigue and exhaustion are interesting areas for many researchers. Muscle glycogen is critical for physical performance. However, how glycogen metabolism is manipulated during exercise is not very clear.

Cav1.3 is upregulated in osteoporosis rat model and promotes osteoclast differentiation from preosteoclast cell line RAW264.7.

Background: Osteoporosis (OP) is a systemic osteopathy with increased bone fragility and increased risk of fracture. Osteoclasts (OC) are the key target cells in the treatment of osteoporosis. We aimed to research the role of L-type calcium channel protein Cav1.

CMTM5 is downregulated and suppresses tumour growth in hepatocellular carcinoma through regulating PI3K-AKT signalling.

Background: Human chemokine like factor (CKLF)-like MAL and related proteins for vesicle trafficking transmembrane, domain-containing member 5 (CMTM5) has been shown to involved and may function as a tumour suppressor in tumorigenesis. The current study aimed to investigate the expression and function of CMTM5 in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).

Methods: CMTM5 expression was examined by immunohistochemistry, and its clinical significance was analysed in 76 HCC specimens.

Inactivation of p27 Promoted Nonspecific Inflammation by Enhancing Macrophage Proliferation in Islet Transplantation.

Islet transplantation suffers from low efficiency caused by nonspecific inflammation-induced graft loss after transplantation. This study reports increased islet loss and enhanced inflammatory response in p27-deficient mice (p27-/-) and proposes a possible mechanism. Compared with wild type, p27-/- mice showed more severe functional injury of islet, with increased serum levels of inflammatory cytokines IL-1 and TNF-α, inducing macrophage proliferation.

Clinical Charateristics and Outcome of Pyogenic Liver Abscess with Different Size: 15-Year Experience from a Single Center.

The standard therapeutic protocols of pyogenic liver abscess (PLA) have not been well established yet. We investigated the clinical characteristics, disease progression, choices of treatments and outcomes of PLA with different size. 410 cases of patients with PLA were enrolled retrospectively from 2000 to 2014, and were grouped as small abscess (≤5 cm, n = 125), large abscess (5 cm to 10 cm, n = 218) and giant abscess (>10 cm, n = 36).

Long-Term Selenium-Deficient Diet Induces Liver Damage by Altering Hepatocyte Ultrastructure and MMP1/3 and TIMP1/3 Expression in Growing Rats.

The effects of selenium (Se)-deficient diet on the liver were evaluated by using growing rats which were fed with normal and Se-deficient diets, respectively, for 109 days. The results showed that rats fed with Se-deficient diet led to a decrease in Se concentration in the liver, particularly among male rats from the low-Se group. This causes alterations to the ultrastructure of hepatocytes with condensed chromatin and swelling mitochondria observed after low Se intake.

Na(+) Micro-Current Value Detection as a New Modality for Identification of Benign and Malignant Disease in Surgery.

Increase of intracellular positive ions (mainly Na(+)) indicates greater possibility of cell malignancy. The present study investigated the correlation between the Na(+) micro-current value (MCV) and tissue characteristics (normal, benign or malignant). 346 tissue samples have been detected within 30 min after surgical isolation by Na(+) detector.

Testicular Sertoli cells influence the proliferation and immunogenicity of co-cultured endothelial cells.

The major problem of the application of endothelial cells (ECs) in transplantation is the lack of proliferation and their immunogenicity. In this study, we co-cultured ECs with Sertoli cells to monitor whether Sertoli cells can influence the proliferation and immunogenicity of co-cultured ECs. Sertoli cells were isolated from adult testicular tissue.