Accurate Diagnosis of Lower Respiratory Infections Using Host Response and Respiratory Microbiome from a Single Metatranscriptome Test of Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid.

Lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs) diagnosis is challenging because noninfectious diseases mimic its clinical features. The altered host response and respiratory microbiome following LRTIs have the potential to differentiate LRTIs from noninfectious respiratory diseases (non-LRTIs). Patients suspected of having LRTIs are retrospectively enrolled and a clinical metatranscriptome test is performed on bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF).

Automatic pituitary adenoma segmentation and identification of cavernous sinus invasion via multitask learning.

Aim: This study aimed to develop a multitask deep learning model for pituitary macroadenoma (PMA) segmentation and identification of cavernous sinus (CS) invasion.

Materials And Methods: A total of 926 patients with PMAs (n=816 from Institution 1 for model training and n=110 from Institution 2 for model validation) were included. Manual segmentation for tumor and bilateral internal carotid arteries was conducted on coronal contrast-enhanced T1-weighted imaging images using ITK-SNAP.

Neuroticism and cerebral small vessel disease: A genetic correlation and Mendelian randomization analysis.

Objectives: The association of neuroticism and cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) development remains unclear. In this study, we used Mendelian randomization (MR) to explore the potential role of neuroticism in CSVD development.

Methods: We collected data on ischemic stroke (IS); small vessel stroke (SVS); three neuroimaging markers altered in CSVD, including white matter hyperintensity (WMH), fractional anisotropy (FA), and mean diffusivity (MD); and three neuroticism clusters, including depressed affect, worry, sensitivity to environmental stress and adversity (SESA), from large-scale genome-wide association studies (GWAS).

Predicting molecular subtypes of breast cancer based on multi-parametric MRI dataset using deep learning method.

Purpose: To develop a multi-parametric MRI model for the prediction of molecular subtypes of breast cancer using five types of breast cancer preoperative MRI images.

Methods: In this study, we retrospectively analyzed clinical data and five types of MRI images (FS-T1WI, T2WI, Contrast-enhanced T1-weighted imaging (T1-C), DWI, and ADC) from 325 patients with pathologically confirmed breast cancer. Using the five types of MRI images as inputs to the ResNeXt50 model respectively, five base models were constructed, and then the outputs of the five base models were fused using an ensemble learning approach to develop a multi-parametric MRI model.

Effect of hypercapnia on neurologic outcomes after cardiac arrest: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Brain injury often occurs after cardiac arrest, and the regulation of PaCO plays a crucial role in mediating cerebral blood flow. The current guidelines recommend maintaining normocapnia through ventilation in post-arrest patients. However, the effects of hypercapnia on neurological outcomes remain controversial.

Intermittent fasting and neurodegenerative diseases: Molecular mechanisms and therapeutic potential.

Neurodegenerative disorders are straining public health worldwide. During neurodegenerative disease progression, aberrant neuronal network activity, bioenergetic impairment, adaptive neural plasticity impairment, dysregulation of neuronal Ca homeostasis, oxidative stress, and immune inflammation manifest as characteristic pathological changes in the cellular milieu of the brain. There is no drug for the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders, and therefore, strategies/treatments for the prevention or treatment of neurodegenerative disorders are urgently needed.

The impact of POSTN on tumor cell behavior and the tumor microenvironment in lung adenocarcinoma.

Background: The role of cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) in modulating the anti-tumor immune response in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) remains elusive, primarily due to the heterogeneous nature of these cells. This heterogeneity muddles the understanding of their impact on immunotherapy effectiveness.

Methods: We utilized the LUAD single-cell dataset to precisely classify tumor cells and CAFs.

Construction and validation of a prognostic model based on oxidative stress-related genes in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC): predicting patient outcomes and therapy responses.

Background: Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is a significant health concern. The prognostic value of oxidative stress (OS)-related genes in NSCLC remains unclear. The study aimed to explore the prognostic significance of OS-genes in NSCLC using extensive datasets from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO).

Elucidating the bidirectional association between autoimmune diseases and depression: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Question: Collective evidence for the bidirectional association between depression and autoimmune diseases (ADs) is scarce, especially for subgroups of patients with specific ADs. We conducted a meta-analysis to determine the incidence rates and relative risks (RRs) of depression among patients with ADs, and vice versa.

Study Selection And Analysis: PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Ovid, PsycNet and Cochrane were searched up to 10 September 2024.

Machine learning models for coagulation dysfunction risk in inpatients administered β-lactam antibiotics.

The β-Lactam antibiotics represent a widely used class of antibiotics, yet the latent and often overlooked risk of coagulation dysfunction associated with their use underscores the need for proactive assessment. Machine learning methodologies can offer valuable insights into evaluating the risk of coagulation dysfunction associated with β-lactam antibiotics. This study aims to identify the risk factors associated with coagulation dysfunction related to β-lactam antibiotics and to develop machine learning models for estimating the risk of coagulation dysfunction with real-world data.

Optimal management strategies for promoting gestational extension in dichorionic diamniotic twin pregnancies.

Background: Preterm birth is a significant concern in multiple pregnancies, warranting effective strategies to improve outcomes. Delaying delivery of the second fetus is crucial for reducing perinatal mortality rates.

Case Presentation: In a dichorionic diamniotic twin pregnancy, one fetus experienced premature rupture of membranes (PROM) at 16+6 weeks gestation.

Revolutionizing cancer treatment: the emerging potential and potential challenges of self-processed CAR cell therapy.

Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) cell immunotherapies, including CAR-T, CAR-Macrophages, CAR-Natural Killer, CAR-γδ T, etc., have demonstrated significant advancements in the treatment of both hematologic malignancies and solid tumors. Despite the notable successes of traditional CAR cell manufacturing, its application remains constrained by the complicated production process and expensive costs.

CCN1 Promotes Mesenchymal Phenotype Transition Through Activating NF-κB Signaling Pathway Regulated by S100A8 in Glioma Stem Cells.

Background: The presence of glioma stem cells (GSCs) and the occurrence of mesenchymal phenotype transition contribute to the miserable prognosis of glioblastoma (GBM). Cellular communication network factor 1 (CCN1) is upregulated within various malignancies and associated with cancer development and progression, while the implications of CCN1 in the phenotype transition and tumorigenicity of GSCs remain unclear.

Methods: Data for bioinformatic analysis were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas (CGGA) databases.

Role of gut microbes in acute lung injury/acute respiratory distress syndrome.

Acute lung injury (ALI) is an acute, diffuse inflammatory lung condition triggered by factors of severe infections, trauma, shock, burns, ischemia-reperfusion, and mechanical ventilation. It is primarily characterized by refractory hypoxemia and respiratory distress. The more severe form, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), can progress to multi-organ failure and has a high mortality rate.

Oroxin B Resembles Bisoprolol in Attenuating Beta1-Adrenergic Receptor Autoantibody-Induced Atrial Remodelling via the PTEN/AKT/mTOR Signalling Pathway.

Beta1-adrenergic receptor autoantibodies (β1-AAbs) promote atrial remodelling and ultimately lead to the development of atrial fibrillation (AF). Oroxin B is a natural flavonoid glycoside with a variety of biological activities, including anti-inflammatory and autophagy-promoting effects, and has therapeutic benefits for a variety of diseases. The aim of this study was to investigate the potential therapeutic role of Oroxin B in the development of β1-AAb-induced atrial fibrillation and to elucidate the underlying mechanisms involved.

Therapeutic targeting of cGAS-STING pathway in lung cancer.

The presence of DNA in the cytosol triggers a protective response from the innate immune system. Cyclic GMP-AMP synthase-stimulator of interferon genes (cGAS-STING) is an essential cytosolic DNA sensor that triggers a potent innate immune response. As a result of this signaling cascade reaction, type I interferon and other immune mediators activate an immune response.

Microwave Ablation Combined with Flt3L Provokes Tumor-Specific Memory CD8 T Cells-Mediated Antitumor Immunity in Response to PD-1 Blockade.

For medically inoperable non-small cell lung cancer, microwave ablation (MWA) represents a super minimally invasive alternative treatment. However, tumor recurrence remains a concern. Here, it is demonstrated that the combination of MWA with Flt3L significantly inhibits tumor recurrence by CD8 central memory T (T)-like cell-dependent antitumor immune responses within the tumor-draining lymph nodes (TdLN).

Classification and epidemiologic analysis of 86 diseases in .

Following the release of in May 2018, the Chinese government officially published in September 2023. To date, there is no unified standard and international consensus for rare diseases, and epidemiologic data for most rare diseases in China are lacking. We investigated 86 rare diseases on the second list using Orphanet and other databases to clarify the classification, nomenclature, and epidemiologic data for these diseases, and we summarized the genotype and phenotype of hereditary diseases.